bi a1 0.8d o a1 a2 0.

8d o a2 do di d1 b es
Dashed lines indicate yield lines

Figure 9 4.2.2.

Possible yield line pattern (Ref. [37])

= tan

b es

Fling Model

Fling, in [25], presents a design model applicable to base plates with similar dimensions to the ones of the connected column and reviews the design philosophy of the Cantilever Model. Only H-shaped columns are considered in this model. He recommends to apply both a strength and a serviceability criteria to the design of base plates. Regarding the Cantilever Method, which is based on a strength criteria, he recommends to apply also a serviceability check by limiting the deflection of the cantilevered plate. He argues that, while increasing the size of the plate, deflections of the cantilevered plate would increase reducing the ability of the most deflected parts of the plate to transfer the assumed uniform loading to the supporting material. Thus the load would re-distribute to the least deflected portions of the plate which may overstress the underlying support. His proposed deflection limit intends to prevent such overstressing. He also notes that such limit should vary depending upon the deformability of the supporting material. Fling suggests 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) to be a reasonable deflection limit to be imposed for most bearing plates, even if he clearly states that it is beyond the scope of his paper to specify deflection limits applicable to various supporting materials. [25] Regarding the design model for base plates with similar dimensions to the ones of the connected column he recommends to apply the following strength and serviceability checks. The strength check is based on the yield line theory and the assumed yield line pattern is shown in Fig. 10. The procedure is derived for a base plate with width and length equal to the columns width and depth (therefore b i and d i equal b fc and d c respectively). The support conditions assumed for the plate are fixed along the web, simply supported along the flanges and free on the edge opposite to the web.

Figure 10 Fling Model - Yield Line Pattern (Ref. [25])

The internal and external work produced under loading are calculated as follows: W i = 1 (2d 1 + 4b es)m p + 1 4b esm p (7) b es b es 1 4 * 2 W e = 2f * p(d 1 2b es)b es + f pb es 2 3 (8)

where: m p = plastic moment capacity of the baseplate per unit width * f p = uniform design pressure at the interface of the base plate and grout/concrete which is assumed to be equal to the maximum bearing strength of the concrete f b W i and W e = internal and external work d 1, and b es = as defined in Fig. 10 Fling introduces the following parameter to simplify the notation: = d1 b es (9)

Equating the internal and external work yields: 2 2 m p(2 + 4 + 4) = f * pb es( ) 3 (10)

The value of which maximises the required moment capacity of the base plate is as follows: =

3 + 1 1 4 4 2
2

(11)

which is obtained by differentiating for the expression of the plastic moment derived from equation (10). The required base plate thickness t i is then calculated as: [25] t i 0.43b fc

= 0.43b fc

f* p 0.9f yi (1 2) (12)

f b 0.9f yi(1 2)

STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 36 NUMBER 2 SEPT 2002