EEL 4213 Power Systems I Power System Design Project

The single-line diagram shows a 31-bus interconnected power systems.

The following data are given:

Bus Data and Load Schedule

The system base is 100 MVA

Bus Number Bus Type Nominal Voltage Load Real Power Power Factor

Maximum Generator Power Output

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

PQ PQ PV PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PV PQ PQ PQ PQ PV PQ PQ

230 kV 230 kV 115 kV 115 kV 230 kV 230 kV 230 kV 115 kV 69 kV 69 kV 115 kV 115 kV 69 kV 69 kV 230 kV 230 kV 230 kV 69 kV 115 kV

43 MW 28 MW 0 MW 23 MW 18.6 MW 30 MW 22 MW 9.4 MW 6.3 MW 15.2 MW 42 MW 0 MW 12.7 MW 16.8 MW 34 MW 37 MW 0 MW 5.2 MW 19.9 MW

0.90 0.95 1.0 0.92 0.91 0.96 0.87 0.94 0.86 0.87 0.91 1.0 0.73 0.89 0.94 0.95 1.0 0.63 0.97 350 MW / 0.9 pf 250 MW / 0.95 pf 300 MW / 0.9 pf

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ Slack PQ

69 kV 115 kV 115 kV 69 kV 230 kV 230 kV 230 kV 230 kV 69 kV 115 kV 115 kV 230 kV

0.8 MW 40 MW 26 MW 2.5 MW 46 MW 33 MW 44 MW 81 MW 2.3 MW 15.3 MW 0 MW 74 MW

0.66 0.89 0.93 0.99 0.89 0.96 0.86 0.93 0.91 0.95 1.0 0.91 400 MW / 0.9 pf

Based on the data given:

Taking into consideration the load allocated above, select appropriate transmission line voltage ratings, MVA ratings, and distances necessary to supply these loads. Then determine the per unit transmission line impedances for the lines shown on the single-line diagram. Show your calculations. Select appropriate transformer voltage and MVA ratings, and determine the per unit transformer leakage impedances for the transformers shown on the single-line diagram. Develop a generation schedule for the 4 generator buses. Show on a copy of the single-line diagram in per unit the line impedances, transformer impedances, generator outputs, and loads that you have selected above. Using the power flow program, run a base-case power flow. In addition, to the printed input/output data files, show on a separate copy of the single-line diagram the per unit bus voltages as well as real and reactive line flows, generator outputs, and loads. Flag any high/low bus voltages for which 0.95 <= V <= 1.05 pu is violated, and any lines or transformer flows that exceed normal ratings. If the base case shows any high/low voltages or ratings exceeded, then correct the base case by making changes. Explain the changes you have made.

Repeat the power flow program step above. Rerun the power flow program and show your changes on a separate copy of the single-line diagram. Provide a typed report and summary of your results along with your calculations for the work above, the printed power flow input/output data, and copies of the single-line diagram. The report is to be in standard professional engineering format.

Graduate Students:
After completing the above tasks, select one of the two following activities.

Select three buses on the system, and conduct a fault analysis for each of the buses. In the analysis, consider the four different types of faults that could happen. Determine the fault current contribution in each transmission line or transformer to the bus fault. Conduct an economic dispatch study on the system. Determine the loss coefficients. Does the dispatch violate any of the line or transformer limitations.

Branch Data
Start Bus End Bus Circuit Type Line Distance 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 2 5 3 4 8 6 7 9 24 9 11 19 Line Line Transformer Line Line Line Line Transformer Line Transformer Line Line 60 km 30 km 35 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 35 km 25 km 45 km 40 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 50 km 20 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% Transformer Tap Range

8 9 11 11 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 19 19 21 23 24 25 26 26 27 29

29 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 26 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 31 28 30

Line Line Line Transformer Line Transformer Transformer Line Line Line Transformer Transformer Line Line Transformer Line Line Line Line Transformer Line

55 km 80 km 65 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 70 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 45 km 65 km 70 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 50 km 55 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 25 km 60 km 40 km 55 km 0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5% 65 km

30

31

Transformer

0.90 to 1.10 in steps of 2.5%

Standard Transformer Sizes

Voltage Class KVA Rating 10, 15, 25, 50 MVA

Standard Transformer Impedance Range

High Voltage Winding (kV) 115 230 230 Low Voltage Winding (kV) 69 69 115 Impedance Limit in Percent Min. 9.0 12.5 14.0 Max. 14.0 18.0 20.0 at 2 MVA 98.6 % 98.5 % 98.4 % Approximate Efficiency at 10 MVA 99.12 % 99.11 % 99.10 % at 50 MVA 99.45 % 99.44 % 99.44 %

Electrical Characteristics of Bare Aluminum Conductors, Steel-Reinforced (ACSR)

AC Resistance @ 25 C (ohms/mile) small currents AC Resistance @ 50 C (ohms/mile) 75% of current capacity

Aluminum Strands Outside Area (Al / Diameter (kcmil) Fe) (inches)

GMR, Ds (ft)

Approximate Current Carrying Capacity @ 75 C

954 795 636 556 336 266

54/7 26/7 54/7 30/7 26/7 6/7

1.196 1.108 0.977 0.953 0.721 0.633

0.0403 0.0375 0.0329 0.0328 0.0244 0.00664

1010 900 770 730 530 460

0.0982 0.117 0.148 0.168 0.278 0.352

0.1128 0.1288 0.1688 0.1859 0.306 0.552

Available Tower Designs

Click on image to enlarge

69 kV H-Frame

69 kV Single Circuit Steel Tower

69 kV Double Circuit Steel Tower

115 kV H-Frame

115 kV Single Circuit Steel Tower

115 kV Double Circuit Steel Tower

230 kV Double Circuit Steel Tower