tense

Affirmative/Negative/Question

Simple Present

A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?

Present Continuous

A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: "s he speaking?

al ays, every !, never, normally, facts often, seldom, sometimes, usually actions taking place one after if sentences type " another #"f " talk, !$ action set by a timetable or schedule action taking place in the moment of speaking at the moment,

Use action in the present taking place once, never or several times

Signal Words

action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future action in the past taking place once, never or several times

%ust, %ust no , &isten', &ook', no , right no

Simple Past

A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?

yesterday, ( minutes ago, in actions taking place one after )**+, the other another day, last ,riday if sentence type "" action taking place in the #"f " talked, !$ middle of another action action going on at a certain time in the past

Past Continuous

A: He as speaking. N: He as not speaking. Q: -as he speaking?

actions taking place at the same time

hen, hile, as long as

action in the past that is interrupted by another action putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present already, ever, %ust, never, not yet, so far, till no , up to no

Present Perfect Simple

A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?

Present Perfect Progressive

A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking?

action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking putting emphasis on the course or duration #not the result$ all day, for . years, action that recently stopped or since )**/, ho long?, the hole is still going on eek

Past Perfect Simple

A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?

finished action that influenced the present action taking place before a already, %ust, never, certain time in the past not yet, once, until

that day sometimes interchangeable if sentence type """ ith past perfect progressive #"f " had talked, !$

putting emphasis only on the fact #not the duration$ action taking place before a certain time in the past

Past Perfect Continuous

A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?

sometimes interchangeable ith past perfect simple

for, since, the hole day, all day

putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action action in the future that cannot be influenced

Future I Simple

A: He ill speak. N: He ill not speak. Q: -ill he speak?

Future I Simple #going to$

A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: "s he going to speak? A: He ill be speaking. N: He ill not be speaking. Q: -ill he be speaking? A: He ill have spoken. N: He ill not have spoken. Q: -ill he have spoken? A: He ill have been speaking. N: He ill not have been speaking. Q: -ill he have been speaking? A: He ould speak. N: He ould not speak. Q: -ould he speak? A: He ould be speaking. N: He ould not be speaking. Q: -ould he be speaking? A: He ould have spoken. N: He ould not have spoken. Q: -ould he have spoken? A: He ould have been speaking. N: He ould not have been speaking. Q: -ould he have been speaking?

Future I Continuous

in a year, ne0t !, tomorro "f12at3 4yp " #"f you ask her, she spontaneous decision ill help you.$ assumption: " assumption ith regard to the think, probably, future perhaps decision made for the future in one year, ne0t eek, tomorro conclusion ith regard to the future action that is going on at a certain time in the future in one year, ne0t eek, tomorro action that is sure to happen in the near future

Future II Simple

action that ill be finished at a certain time in the future action taking place before a certain time in the future

by 5onday, in a eek for !, the last couple of hours, all day long if sentences type "" #"f " ere you, " ould go home.$

Future II Continuous

putting emphasis on the course of an action action that might take place action that might take place

Conditional I Simple Conditional I Continuous

putting emphasis on the course 6 duration of the action if sentences type """ action that might have taken #"f " had seen that, " place in the past ould have helped.$ action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course 6 duration of the action

Conditional II Simple

Conditional II Continuous