1

SISTEMAS ELECTRICOS
INDUSTRIALES
Armando Llamas, PhD, CEM, CPQ
Dr. Federico Viramontes
Septiembre 17 de 2012
2
Agenda.
Solucin de la tarea.
Proteccin para corto circuito
Comentarios
2
3
Libro de texto y Material.
El material que se cubre en sta sesin aparece
en el libro de texto: John J. Grainger and
William D. Stevenson, Power System
Analysis,New York, (McGraw-Hill, Inc.1994).
Captulo 10. Fallas simtricas.
Libro Rojo, ieee std 141-1993, y lea las pginas
109 a 123.
4
Problema 1.
Problema 1.- Resuelva el problema 10.4
del libro de texto, Power System Analysis
de John J. Grainger y William Stevenson.
3
5
Problema 1.
500 MVA
20 kV
x
d

= 0.2
400 MW
20 kV
o
0 1.0
t
= V
I
Falla
6
Problema 1.
pu 80.9097 5.0636
0.2 J
9.0903 1.0127
' ' Jx
' '
' '
pu 9.0903 1.0127 0.2) (J 0 0.8 0 1.0 ' '
pu 1.25
0 0.8
0 1.0
I
V
R
pu 0 0.8
0.0 J 0.8 0 1.0 S
pu 0.8
500
400
Pot
d
g
g
* *
o
o
o o o
o
o
o
o
=

= =
= + =
=

= =
=
+ = = =
= =
E
I
E
I
I VI
4
7
Problema 1.
pu 5.0636 ' I' MVA
2,531.8MVA 6.77) (20)(73,08 3 10
) ' )(I' (kV 3 10 MVA
73,086.77A 14,433.76 * 5.0636 ) (I ' I' ' I'
7A 14,433.756
(20) 3
(500) 10
kV 3
MVA 10
Z 3
kV 10
I
0.8
500
20
MVA
kV
Z
: caso ste Para
pu en circuito corto
3
circuito corto nominales
3
circuito corto
base pu circuito corto
3 3
base
3
base
2 2
base
= =
= =
=
= = =
= = = =
= = =

8
Problema 2.
Problema 2.- Resuelva el problema 10.5
del libro de texto, Power System Analysis
de John J. Grainger y William Stevenson.
5
9
Problema 2.
G
T
M
o
0 0.9 = V
Falla
10
Problema 2.
o
o
o
o
o
o
o o o
o o o
o
94.7638 6.6054 ' ' ' ' ' '
107.1027 3.4974
J0.35
17.1027 1.2241
' '
81.5730 3.2752
J0.1 J0.15
8.4270 0.8188
' '
36.8699 1.0
0.35) 0.1 J(0.15
' ' ' '
17.1027 1.2241 J0.35) (J0.1 36.8699 1.0 0 0.9 ' '
8.4270 0.8188 (J0.15) 36.8699 1.0 0 0.9 ' '
36.8699 1.0
adelantado 0.8 fp
m g falla
m
g
m g
l
m
g
= + =
=

=
=
+

=
=
+ +

=
= + =
= + =
=
=
I I I
I
I
E E
I
E
E
I
6
11
Problema 2.
V
I
o
o
36.8699 1.0
0 0.9
: falla la de Antes
=
=
I
V
12
Problema 2.
J0.1458
J0.35 J0.25
5) J0.25(J0.3
Z
4.7636 0.9633 (J0.1) 36.8699 1.0 0 0.9
th
th
=
+
=
= =
o o o
V
o
0 0.9 = V
Poniendo en corto circuito la fuente de V
th
, antes de la falla:
I=1.0 36.8699
7
13
Problema 2.
I
falla
o
o o
o
o o
o
o
o
107.1027 3.4975
36.8699 1.0
J0.6
J0.25
94.7636 6.6057 ' '
81.5730 3.2754
36.8699 1.0
J0.6
J0.35
94.7636 6.6057 ' '
94.7636 6.6057
J0.1458
4.7636 0.9633
Z
V
4.7636 0.9633
m
g
th
th
falla
th
=
=
=
+ =
=

= =
=
I
I
I
V
14
Problema 3.
Problema 3.-
Resuelva el problema
10.8 del libro de texto,
Power System
Analysis de John J.
Grainger y William
Stevenson.
E
g1
=E
g2
=1.0+J0.0
8
15
Problema 3.
|
|
|

\
|



=
J2.5 J4.0 J2.0 J2.5 J2.0
J2.5 J2.5 J5.0 J5.0
J2.0 J5.0 J2.0 J5.0 J5.0
bus
Y
16
Problema 3.
|
|
|
|

\
|

=
|
|
|

\
|

|
|
|

\
|
=
|
|
|

\
|
|
|
|

\
|

=
|
|
|

\
|
=
|
|
|

\
|

=
o
o
o
0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
J4.0
0.0
J5.0

J0.1635 J0.1006 J0.0692
J0.1006 J0.2465 J0.1195
J0.0692 J0.1195 J0.1447
J4.0
0.0
J5.0
,
J0.1635 J0.1006 J0.0692
J0.1006 J0.2465 J0.1195
J0.0692 J0.1195 J0.1447
J8.5 J2.5 J2.0
J2.5 J7.5 J5.0
J2.0 J5.0 J12.0
3
2
1
bus bus
bus
V
V
V
J Z
Y
9
17
Problema 3.
o
o
o
90 4.0561
J0.24654
0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
f
th
=

=
=
I
V
I
f
18
Problema 3.
|
|
|

\
|
=
|
|
|

\
|

+
|
|
|
|

\
|

=
|
|
|

\
|
|
|
|

\
|

|
|
|

\
|
+
|
|
|
|

\
|

=
|
|
|

\
|
5918 . 0
0 . 0
5153 . 0
4082 . 0
0 . 1
4847 . 0

0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
0.0
90 - 4.0561 -
0.0

J0.1635 J0.1006 J0.0692
J0.1006 J0.2465 J0.1195
J0.0692 J0.1195 J0.1447
0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
0.0 1.0
: falla la de Despus
falla
3
2
1
falla
3
2
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
V
V
V
V
V
V
Se inyecta la corriente
de falla con signo
negativo.
10
19
Problema 3.
o
o
o
o
o o
o
o
o
o o
90 4.0560
90 1.4795
J0.4
0 0 0.5918
J0.4
V V
90 -0.1530
J0.5
0 0.5918 0 0.5153
J0.5
V V
90 2.5765
J0.2
0 0 0.5153
J0.2
V V
: Lneas
90 2.4235
J0.2
0 0.5153 0 1.0
' '
: Nodo1
32 12 falla
2 3
32
3 1
13
2 1
12
g1
= + =
=

=

=
=

=

=
=

=

=
=

=
I I I
I
I
I
I
20
Bibliografa
Dr. Frank J. Mercede
1. How to perform short circuit calculations Part 1
EC&M June 1995
2. How to perform short circuit calculations Part 2
EC&M December 1995
3. How to perform short circuit calculations Part 3
EC&M April 1996
4. Fault Calculations of Industrial / Commercial Power Systems, IEEE 1994
ANSI/IEEE Std 141 - 1993, Recommended Practice for Electric Power
Distribution for Industrial Plants. (IEEE Red Book).
11
21
Tipos de redes
Red de primer ciclo o momentnea.
Las corrientes obtenidas de esta red son la base para comparar
con capacidades interruptivas de fusibles y breakers de baja
tensin y con las capacidades momentneas de breakers de media
tensin.
Red de interrupcin o de cinco ciclos.
Las corrientes obtenidas de esta red son la base para comparar
con capacidades interruptivas de breakers de media y alta tensin.
Difieren slo en las reactancias de las mquinas giratorias de acuerdo a las Tablas
4-1 y 4-2 del libro Rojo.
22
Cantidades base y por unidad
(1)
BASE
Z
pu

=
,
,
Z
Z
(2)
BASE
BASE LL
BASE
MVA
kV
Z
3
2
=
(3) kA ,
BASE LL
BASE
BASE
kV
MVA
I
3
3
=
Cambio de base:
(4)
2

2

2
2 3
1 3
1
1 , 2 ,
BASE LL
BASE
BASE
BASE LL
kV
MVA
MVA
kV
pu pu

Z Z =
Cantidades base dadas MVA
3BASE
,
kV
LL BASE
12
23
Compaa suministradora y
transformadores
Compaa generadora, MVA
3SC
, kV
LL
, X/R:
(5)



|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
=
R
X
a Z X
R
X
a Z R
kV
MVA
MVA
kV
Z
U U
U U
BASE LL
BASE
SC
LL
U
tan sin
tan cos
2
3
3
2

(6)
Z X
Z R

kV
MVA
MVA
kV
Z Z
T2 T
T2 T
2
LLBASE1
BASE 3
T
2
LL1
T1 T2
|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
|
|

\
|
|

\
|
=
=
R
X
a
R
X
a
tan sin
tan cos

Transformadores, MVA
T
, kV
LL1
/ KV
LL2,
, Z, X/R:
24
Cable, Generadores turbina y
motores grandes
Cable, X /1000ft, R /1000ft:
(7)
longitud
longitud
2


2


BASE LL
BASE
C
BASE LL
BASE
C
kV
MVA ft
ft k
X X
kV
MVA ft
ft k
R R

=
3
3
1000
,
1000
,
Generador - turbina, MVA, X
d
, X/R, kV
LL
(8)
2


2
R
X
X
R R
kV
MVA
MVA
kV
X X X
I
F I
BASE LL
BASE LL
d F I
= =
= =
3 ' '
I: Red de interrupcin
F: Red de primer ciclo
Motores grandes hp, X
d
, X/R, kV
LL
Sncronos
Induccin >1000 hp < 3600 rpm
Induccin > 250 hp a 3600 rpm
(9)
2


2
F I
F I
F
F
BASE LL
BASE LL
d F
R R
X X
R
X
X
R
kV
MVA
hp
kV
X X
=
=
=
=

5 . 1
5 . 1
1000
3 ' '
13
25
Motores medianos y pequeos
Motores medianos, hp, X
d
, X/R, kV
LL
50 hp 250 a 3600 rpm
50 hp 1000 < 3600 rpm
(9)
2


2
F I
F I
F
F
BASE LL
BASE LL
d F
R R
X X
R
X
X
R
kV
MVA
hp
kV
X X
=
=
=
=

5 . 2
5 . 2
1000
2 . 1
3 ' '
Si no se conoce X
d
suponer
1.20X
d
= 0.20 pu, tomando como
base los nominales del motor.
.
Motores pequeos, hp, X
d
, X/R, kV
LL
50 > hp
(10)
2


2
=
=
=
=

I
I
F
F
BASE LL
BASE LL
d F
R
X
R
X
X
R
kV
MVA
hp
kV
X X
3 ' '
1000
67 . 1
Si no se conoce X
d
suponer 1.67X
d
= 0.28 pu, tomando como base los
nominales del motor.
X
d
=0.1667
26
Sistema Industrial Simplificado
MVA
3SC
=1000, 115 kV, X/R=15
13.8 kV
T1, 15 MVA
Z=7%, X/R=18
T2, 1 MVA
Z=5.75%, X/R=6
480 V
M4
Group of 460 V induction motors
Range = 50 to 250 hp
Total connected hp = 700
X/R = 10
M1
Synchronous motor
13.2 kV, 3000 hp, 0.8 pf
X/R =27
Xd=0.15
T3, 5 MVA
Z=5.5%, X/R=12
2.4 kV
M2 M3
2.3 kV, 2000 hp
Induction X/R = 32
Xd=0.17
2.3 kV, 500 hp
Induction X/R = 19
Xd=0.17
3600 rpm
Sbase = 10 MVA
14
27
Multiplicadores de reactancia de
mquinas giratorias
Tipo de mquina giratoria Red de primer
ciclo
Red de
interrupcin
Generador 1.0 Xd 1.0 Xd Sncrona
Motor 1.0 Xd 1.5 Xd '
Grandes
P > 1000 hp
P > 250 hp, n = 3600 rpm
1.0 Xd 1.5 Xd '
Medianos
50 P 250 hp, n = 3600 rpm
50 P 1000 hp, n < 3600 rpm
1.2 Xd 0.2
pu
3.0 Xd ' 0.5
pu
Induccin
Pequeos
P < 50 hp
1.67 Xd 0.28
pu

Tablas 4-1 y 4-2 Libro Rojo IEEE, p. 131 y 132
28
Factor de potencia
( ) R X
X
R =
2 2
X R Z + =
( )
1
1
2
2
2
+ = +
(

=
R X
X X
R X
X
Z
( )
|

\
|
+
|

\
|
= =
R
X
R
X
R
X
R X
X
Z
R
fp
1
X
1
2
( )
2
1
1
R X
fp
+
=
X
R
Z
15
29
Factores de asimetra
calculados
X/R fp Asymmetrical factor
1.00E+23 0.00% 1.732
100 1.00% 1.697
50 2.00% 1.662
40 2.50% 1.646
30 3.33% 1.619
25 4.00% 1.599
20 4.99% 1.569
15 6.65% 1.522
12 8.30% 1.478
10 9.95% 1.438
9 11.04% 1.412
8 12.40% 1.383
7 14.14% 1.347
6 16.44% 1.305
5 19.61% 1.253
4 24.25% 1.190
3 31.62% 1.116
2 44.72% 1.042
1 70.71% 1.002
0.5 89.44% 1.000
1.00E-23 100.00% 1.000
( )
'
4
2 1 ) ' (
t
R
X
rms
e I t I

+ =

Factor de asimetra
La tabla con t=0.5 ciclos
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3
t / tau
iac
idc
i
30
Definicin de tiempos de
interrupcin
* ANSI/IEEE Standard C.37.010-1979
Parting of
primary arcing
contacts
Extinction of
arc on primary
contacts
Time
Tripping
delay
Contact
parting time
Opening
time
Arcing
time
Interrupting time
Arc shunting
resistor
current
arcing time
Reclosing time
Initiation of
short-circuit
Energization
of trip circuit
Parting of
secondary arcing
contacts
Extinction of
arc shunting
resistor current
Resistor circuit
completed on reclosure
Primary arcing
contacts make
16
31
Fuente local y remota de
corriente de corto circuito
Un generador es una fuente local
de corriente de corto circuito
(a) Si su localizacin con respecto de la
falla est a no mas de una transformacin
(b) La X pu externa para el generador es menor
que 1.5 veces la Xpu subtransitoria (misma
base MVA)
Un generador es una fuente remota
de corriente de corto circuito
(a) Si su localizacin con respecto de la
falla est a dos o mas transformaciones
(b) La X pu externa para el generador es igual o
mayor a 1.5 veces la Xpu subtransitoria
(misma base MVA)
32
Standard Ratings for Symmetrical
Current Rated Circuit Breakers
RMV RMV
RSIC
R M V
K
MSIC
RSCC
V
LL
RMV RMV
RSIC*V
LL
R M V
K
V
LL
RSCC*RMV
V
LL
= Operating Voltage
Required Symmetrical Interrupting Capability (RSIC)
RMV = Rated Maximum Voltage
RSCC = Rated Short-Circuit Current @ Rated Maximum Voltage (RMV)
MSIC = Maximum Symmetrical Interrupting Capability
Fault Calculations of Industrial / Commercial Power Systems, Dr. Frank J. Mercede, IEEE Self-Study Course
K
e
=
Rated maximum voltag
Lower limit of the range of operating voltage (at constant VA)
Standard rated interrupting time = 5 cycles
Minimun contact-parting time = 3 cycles
17
33
Closing and Latching Capability
Es la capacidad del interruptor para soportar las severas fuerzas
magnticas transitorias que son causadas por el valor mximo de
la corriente de corto circuito de primer ciclo.
(1) The closing & latching capability (rms,kA) = 1.6 MSIC (rms, kA)
(2) The closing & latching capability (peak or crest,kA) = 2.7 MSIC (rms, kA)
The closing and latching capability of a symmetrical current-rated circuit breaker is:
Fault Calculations of Industrial / Commercial Power Systems, Dr. Frank J. Mercede, IEEE Self-Study Course
34
Factor 1.6
R
X
t
e AF
' 4
2 1

+ =
Al evaluar el factor de asimetra en t = 0.5
ciclos con una X/R = 25, se obtiene el valor
de 1.6
18
35
Factor 2.7
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3
t / tau
iac
idc
i
( )
(
(

+ =

) / (
' 2
cos * * 2 ) ' (
R X
t
e wt I t i

Con X/R = 25 y evaluando en ciclo ( t = , t=0.5) I e I * 66 . 2 1 * * 2
) 25 (
=
(
(

36
Required Asymmetrical Interrupting
Capability (RAIC)
RAIC = S * RSIC (rms,kA)
Rated interrupting
time, cycles
Typical minimum contact
parting time, cycles
Asymmetrical
Capabilty Factor, S
8 4 1.0345 1.0
5 3 1.0780 1.1
3 2 1.1724 1.2
2 1.5 1.2527 1.3
R X
t
e
/
4
2 1

Factor de asimetra de la corriente con X/R =15

Factor de capacidad de asimetra del breaker
Comparison of short-circuit breaker capabilities with short circuit current when X/R
=15
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Asymmetrical factor of current
Asymmetrical capabilty factor
of circuit breaker
Figure 5, "Interpretation of new american national standards for power circuit breaker applications," W.C. Huenning, IGA-5 1969.
19
37
Standard ratings for total current-
rated circuit breakers
Standard rated interrupting time = 8 cycles
Minimum contact-parting time = 4 cycles
MDV MDV
S
S
3 RATED
kV
LL
I, total kA
kV
LL
MIC
MOV MOV
MDV MDV
MOV MOV
RATED DUTY
symmINIT LL DUTY
RATED LL
S S
I kV S
S MDV kV MOV
, 3 , 3
, 3
, 3
3

=

MIC MOV kV
LL

MOV = Minimum operating voltage
kV
LL
= Operating voltage
MDV = Maximum design voltage
S
3 RATED
= Three-phase rated MVA
S
3 duty
= Interrupting MVA duty
MIC = Maximum total rms current which circuit breaker can interrupt
Momentary Capability = 1.6*MIC
38
First-Cycle or Momentary Duty
Corriente mxima instantnea que el breaker de
media debe soportar (momentary capability, rms kA)>
1.6 * Isc sym. Total current rated circuit breakers.
Valor nominal de corriente de interrupcin
(symmetrical interrupting capability) de fusibles y
breakers de baja > Isc sym
Corriente pico o cresta que el breaker de media debe
soportar (momentary capability, peak kA) > 2.7*Isc
sym. Symmetrical current - rated circuit breakers.
base scsym
I
pu fc Z
pu E
I =
,
, ' '
Zfc
Isc sym
Fault Calculations of Industrial / Commercial Power Systems, Dr. Frank J. Mercede, IEEE Self-Study Course
Grainger Stevenson
20
39
Contact - parting or Interrupting Duty
Corriente total en el momento en que los contactos
abren para interrumpir la corriente
Contact parting duty < Momentary duty
Rated interrupting times: 2, 3, 5 or 8 cycles @ 60 Hz
Zint
Isc sym
10.5 The selection of circuit breakers
Symmetrical current - rated circuit breakkers
40
Interrupting duty of symmetrical current - rated circuit
breakers. Simplified method
Mtodo simplificado
Un breaker de media tensin con nominales de corriente simtrica tiene
suficiente capacidad si el 125% de la corriente simtrica calculada de la
red de interrupcin es menor o igual a la capacidad interruptiva simtrica requerida.
ADECUADO es breaker El
I 1.25
sym sc

= RSIC ) ng Duty(ID Interrupti

INT
Required symmetrical Interrupting Capability = RSIC
21
41
Interrupting duty of
symmetrical current - rated
circuit breakers. Remote
Con fuentes remotas, al transcurrir
el tiempo slo decae la
componente de directa, la
componente de alterna no
disminuye. NACD = No AC decay.
X/R 15. Para breakers con
tiempos nominales de interrupcin
de cinco ciclos, la corriente
simtrica de la red de interrupcin
se puede comparar directamente
con la capacidad interruptiva
simtrica requerida del breaker.
X/R > 15. Para breakers con
tiempos nominales de interrupcin
de cinco ciclos, el tiempo mnimo
tpico de separacin de contactos
es 3 y se emplea el factor de
multiplicacin de la familia de
curvas rotulada 5 cycle circuit
breaker. la curva ubicada ms a la
derecha.
Ejemplo. Con X/R =25 y un breaker de 5 ciclos, el factor de multiplicacin es
casi 1.1. De tal manera que la corriente de corto circuito obtenida de la red de
interrupcin se multiplica por 1.1 y el breaker debe tener capacidad igual o
mayor a este valor.
42
Factores de multiplicacin para E/X al
seleccionar breakers de 5 ciclos con
nominales simtricos
Multiplying factors for E/X amperes. Symmetrical
rating basis for remote faults, 5 cycle breaker
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Multiplying factor
X
/
R
Contact
parting time
3 ~
4 ~
6 ~
8 ~
10 ~
12 ~
S
e
MF
R
X
t
SYM
REM
|

\
|

+
=
4
2 1
S = 1.1
Dr. Frank J. Mercede, Fault calculation of industrial / commercial power systems, IEEE Tutorial Course.
22
43
Interrupting duty of symmetrical current - rated
circuit breakers. Local Source - 1
Con fuentes locales, al transcurrir el tiempo decaen tanto la componente de directa
como la componente de alterna.
Mtodo de interpolacin ponderada ajustes para disminuciones en directa y en alterna
X/R 15. Para breakers con tiempos nominales de interrupcin de cinco ciclos, la
corriente simtrica de la red de interrupcin se puede comparar directamente con la
capacidad interruptiva simtrica requerida del breaker (la regla es la misma que
para fuentes remotas).
44
X/R > 15
1. De la red de interrupcin
calcule las contribuciones
de fuentes locales
incluyendo motores. A
estas contribuciones se les
aplican los factores de la
figura de la derecha.
2. A la suma de las
contribuciones de fuentes
remotas se le aplica el
factor de multiplicacin del
slide previo.
3. La suma de los valores de
los pasos previos debe ser
menor o igual a la
capacidad interruptiva
simtrica requerida del
breaker.
Ejemplo. X/R =25. La fraccin
remota se multiplica por
1.1, la fraccin local 1. La
suma es la interrupting
duty.
Interrupting duty of symmetrical current - rated circuit
breakers. Local Source - 2
23
45
Interrupting duty of total current - rated circuit
breakers. Remote sources
Dada la relacin X/R en el punto de falla, obtenga el factor de multiplicacin
de la figura. Standard rated interrupting time = 8 cycles, minimun contact-
parting time = 4 cycles.
MDV MDV
S
S
3 RATED
V
LL
I, total kA
V
LL
MIC
MOV MOV
MDV MDV
MOV MOV
condition) this (check MIC MF I
MIC MOV kV
INT
SYMM
LL


) (
MOV = Minimum operating voltage
kVLL = Operating voltaje
MDV = Maximum design voltage
S
3 RATED
= Three-phase rated MVA
S
3 duty
= Interrupting MVA duty
MIC = Maximum total rms corrent which circuit breaker can interrupt
this) (check
RATED DUTY
INT
symm LL DUTY
RATED LL
S S
MF I kV S
S MDV kV MOV
, 3 , 3
, 3
, 3
) ( 3

=

46
Multiplying factors total current rated
circuit breakers, remote (NACD)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Multiplying Factors, (Iasym/Isym)
X
/
R
1~
2~
3~
4~
C
o
n
t
a
c
t

p
a
r
t
i
n
g

t
i
m
e
s
|

\
|

+ =
R
X
t
TOTAL
REM
e MF
4
2 1
Dr. Frank J. Mercede, Fault calculation of industrial / commercial power systems, IEEE Tutorial Course.
24
47
Interrupting duty of total current -
rated circuit breakers. Local
sources
Dr. Frank J. Mercede, Fault calculation of industrial / commercial power systems, IEEE Tutorial Course.
1. De la red de interrupcin calcule las contribuciones de fuentes locales incluyendo motores.
A estas contribuciones se les aplican los factores de la figura de la derecha.
2. A la suma de las contribuciones de fuentes remotas se le aplica el factor de multiplicacin
del slide previo.
3. La suma de los valores de los pasos previos son los requerimientos de interrupcin que la
red impondr al breaker, I
DUTY
.
MDV MDV
S
S
3 RATED
V
LL
I, total kA
V
LL
MIC
MOV MOV
MDV MDV
MOV MOV
? MIC I
MIC MOV kV
DUTY
LL

MOV = Minimum operating voltage
kVLL = Operating voltaje
MDV = Maximum design voltage
S
3 RATED
= Three-phase rated MVA
S
3 duty
= Interrupting MVA duty
MIC = Maximum total rms corrent which circuit breaker can interrupt
?
RATED DUTY
DUTY LL DUTY
RATED LL
S S
I kV S
S MDV kV MOV
, 3 , 3
, 3
, 3

) ( 3

=

48
Low voltage power circuit
breaker
http://www.abb.com
http://ecatalog.squared.com/
25
49
Medium voltage_GE-Power Vac
http://www.ge.com
50
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