PHP 5.

3: New Language Features
Sebastian Bergmann

July 14th  2009
Who I am

 Sebastian Bergmann
 Involved in the PHP
project since 2000
 Creator of PHPUnit
 Co-Founder and
Principal Consultant
with thePHP.cc
PHP 5.3
New Language Features
 Lambda Functions
 Closures
 Functors
 Late Static Binding
\ Namespaces
 goto
PHP 5.3
Other Improvements
 New extensions
 phar, intl, fileinfo
 Garbage Collector
 MySQL Native Driver
 Improved Windows support
PHP 5.3
Performance Improvements

30

20

10

0
PHP 5.0.5 PHP 5.1.6 PHP 5.2.10 PHP 5.3.0
Lambda Functions
In a nutshell

Anonymous functions that

 are declared on-the-fly,
 can be assigned to a variable,
 and passed to other functions
Lambda Functions
Usage
<?php
$function = function() { print 'Hello World!'; };
?>
Lambda Functions
Usage
<?php
$function = function() { print 'Hello World!'; };

$function();
?>

Hello World!
Lambda Functions
Usage
<?php
$function = function() { print 'Hello World!'; };

call_user_func($function);
?>

Hello World!
Lambda Functions
Usage
<?php
$function = function() { print 'Hello World!'; };

call_user_func_array($function, array());
?>

Hello World!
Lambda Functions
Usage Scenarios
<?php
$list = array(22, 4, 19, 78);
usort(
$list,
function ($a, $b) {
if ($a == $b) return 0;
return ($a < $b) ? -1 : 1;
}
);

print_r($list);
?>

Array
(
[0] => 4
[1] => 19
[2] => 22
[3] => 78
)
Lambda Functions
Usage Scenarios
<?php
print_r(
array_map(
function ($n) { return($n * $n * $n); },
array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
)
);
?>

Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 8
[2] => 27
[3] => 64
[4] => 125
)
Lambda Functions
Prior to PHP 5.3
<?php
$function = create_function('', 'print "Hello World!";');

$function();
?>

Hello World!
Lambda Functions
Prior to PHP 5.3
<?php
$function = create_function('', 'print "Hello World!";');

call_user_func($function);
?>

Hello World!
Lambda Functions
Prior to PHP 5.3
<?php
$function = create_function('', 'print "Hello World!";');

call_user_func_array($function, array());
?>

Hello World!
Closures
In a nutshell

Anonymous functions that

 are declared on-the-fly,
 can be assigned to a variable,
 passed to other functions,
 and remember what happens around them
Closures
Lexical Variables
<?php
$string = 'Hello World!';
$function = function() use ($string) { print $string; };

$function();
?>

Hello World!
Closures
Lexical Variables
<?php
$plus_this = function($num) {
return function($arg) use ($num) {
return $arg + $num;
};
};

print_r(
array_map(
$plus_this(100), array(1, 2, 3)
)
);
?>

Array
(
[0] => 101
[1] => 102
[2] => 103
)
Closures
Y-Combinator
<?php
function Y($F) {
$func = function ($f) {
return $f($f);
};

return $func(
function ($f) use($F) {
return $F(
function ($x) use($f) {
$ff = $f($f);
return $ff($x);
}
);
}
);
}

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_point_combinator
Closures
Lexical Variables with references
<?php
$x = 1;
$function = function() use ($x) { print $x . "\n"; };
$function();
$x = 2;
$function();
print "\n";

$x = 1;
$function = function() use (&$x) { print $x . "\n"; };
$function();
$x = 2;
$function();
?>

1
1

1
2
Closures
Reflection API
<?php
$function = function($a, $b) { return $a + $b; };
$reflector = new ReflectionFunction($function);
print $reflector;
?>

Closure [ <user> function {closure} ] {

@@ /home/sb/closure_reflection.php 2 - 2

- Parameters [2] {
Parameter #0 [ <required> $a ]
Parameter #1 [ <required> $b ]
}
}
Functors
In a nutshell
 Allow an object to be invoked or called as
if it were an ordinary function
 Can be used to implement stateful
callbacks
 Also called function objects, functionals or
functionoids
Functors
Usage
<?php
class Example {
public function __invoke() {
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
}
}

$object = new Example;

$object();
?>

Example::__invoke
Static Binding
Early Static Binding
<?php
class Base
{
public static function a()
{
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
self::b();
}

public static function b()

{
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
}
}

class Child extends Base

{
public static function b()
{
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
}
}

Child::a();
?>

Base::a
Base::b
Static Binding
Late Static Binding
<?php
class Base
{
public static function a()
{
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
static::b();
}

public static function b()

{
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
}
}

class Child extends Base

{
public static function b()
{
print __METHOD__ . "\n";
}
}

Child::a();
?>

Base::a
Child::b
Namespaces
Declaration
a.php
<?php
namespace project;

const ANSWER = 42;

class SomeClass {}
function do_something() {}
?>
Namespaces
Fully qualified names
a.php
<?php
namespace project;

const ANSWER = 42;

class SomeClass {}
function do_something() {}
?>

b.php
<?php
require 'a.php';

print project\ANSWER;
$object = new project\SomeClass;
project\do_something();
?>
Namespaces
Import from namespace into local scope
a.php
<?php
namespace project;

const ANSWER = 42;

class SomeClass {}
function do_something() {}
?>

c.php
<?php
require 'a.php';

use project\SomeClass;

$object = new SomeClass;

?>
Namespaces
Import from namespace into local scope (conflict)
a.php
<?php
namespace project;

const ANSWER = 42;

class SomeClass {}
function do_something() {}
?>

c.php
<?php
class SomeClass {}

require 'a.php';

use project\SomeClass;
?>

Fatal error: Cannot use project\SomeClass as SomeClass because the

name is already in use in /tmp/c.php on line 6
Namespaces
Import from namespace into local scope with alias
a.php
<?php
namespace project;

const ANSWER = 42;

class SomeClass {}
function do_something() {}
?>

d.php
<?php
class SomeClass {}

require 'a.php';

use project\SomeClass as Foo;

?>
The End

Thank you for your interest!

These slides will be posted on

http://slideshare.net/sebastian_bergmann
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