Emerson Graham, Emily Leding Mrs.

Dolan Global Studies 8 14 November 2013 The need for the Eighth Amendment increased when people were being falsely accused and executed, fined, or bailed. The Constitution of the United States had not passed the law, which caused criminals and their families to suffer. The amendment was finally passed which changed the way prisons and court worked. Primary: Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases, Eighth Amendment, U.S. Government Printing Office, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-2002/pdf/GPO-CONAN2002-9-9.pdf. This source is a primary source that states the real Eighth Amendment in detail. It is the legal document that was made when this law was passed. It gives us history of the Amendment before it was passed. It gives us detail about each section of the Eight Amendment. "UNITED STATES v. BAJAKAJIAN (full transcript)." The Oyez Project at IIT ChicagoKent College of Law|A Multimedia Archive of the Supreme Court of the United States http://www.oyez.org/cases/1990-1999/1997/1997_96_1487 (accessed November 13, 2013). Secondary: Holzer, Henry Mark. The Supreme Court Opinions of Clarence Thomas 1991-2006: A Conservatives Perspective. McFarland & Company Inc., 2007. 111-113. This source provided a current day view of the Eighth Amendment by sitting Supreme Court justice, Clarence Thomas. The source also outlined important cases pertaining to arguments of 8th amendment rights. The cases cited involved all three components of the 8th Amendment: excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. Gorlin, David C. Evaluating Punishment in Purgatory: The Need to Separate Pretrial Detainees Conditions- of- Confinement Claims from Inadequate Eighth Amendment Analysis. Michigan Law Review. 108, no.3 (2009): 417-421. This journal article gives different descriptions of the difference between detainees and arrested criminals. It also tells how the Eighth Amendment falls into play in different aspects of cases. Cases. The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. Chicago-Kent College of Law, http://www.oyez.org/cases.

This is a Law website that has different major cases. It gives the basic information, and then it goes into detail about the rulings and cases following the original. It will also tell you the jury votes, what the victim is charged with and the end result. Magna Carta. Magna Carta. History Learning Site, http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/magna_carta.htm. This website states the background information about the Magna Carta. It talks about the signing of the Magna Carta and why it was creates. It also discusses before the Magna Carta and how it was made. Revolutionary War and Beyond, 8th Amendment, accessed September 30, 2013, www.revoultionary-war-and-beyond.com/8th-amendment.html This website provides a detailed explanation of the history of the 8th Amendment, and it outlines how Americas Bill of Rights was modeled after Englands Bill of Rights. This website also addressed the cases and barbaric punishments that eventually were done away with when England adopted its Bill of Rights. State Death Penalty Laws, Death Penalty, accesses September 29, 2013, http://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=001172 This website goes over the timeline and history of the Death Penalty. It has a useful graph that states when certain states allowed and abolished the death penalty. It also mentions the states that authorize the death penalty for crimes other than murder. State of the Death Penalty in 2013, State and consumer Initiatives, accessed September 29, 2013, http://www.pewstates.org/research/datavisualizations/state-of-the-death-penalty-in-2013-85899458871 This website withholds a creative infographic. It states small facts about the death penalty, and facts about the states and their laws. Its a map of the U.S. with a color key to identify the states. Vile, John R. A Companion to the United States Constitution and Its Amendments. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2010. The source discusses the application of the Bill of Rights to our everyday life. It also tells major cases that apply to the Bill of Rights, and why they are included, with different examples. Vile, John R. Essential Supreme Court Decisions: Summaries of Leading Cases in U.S. Constitutional Law. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010. This source discusses Gregg v. Georgia and other major cases. It states information that gives important facts to prove points about the Eighth Amendment. Since both cases are controversial, it shows the flaws that the Eighth Amendment can address. White, Kevin. The Constitutional Limits of the "National Consensus" Doctrine in Eighth Amendment Jurisprudence. Brigham Young University Law Review. 2012, no. 4 (2012): 1371-1372.

This is a journal article that is written to give history on the Eighth Amendment from a modern day view. It also includes the National Consensus judgments and approaches to the Eighth Amendment, and it includes their limits to power.