COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SEPTEMBER 2002

STEEL FRAME DESIGN BS 5950-2000

Technical Note

Calculation of Capacity Ratios

This Technical Note describes the calculation of capacity ratios when the user selects the BS 5950-2000 code, including local capacity check, overall buckling check, and shear capacity check.

Overview
In the calculation of the axial force/biaxial moment capacity ratios, first, for each station along the length of the member, for each load combination, the actual member force/moment components are calculated. Then, the corresponding capacities are calculated. Then, the capacity ratios are calculated at each station for each member under the influence of each of the design load combinations. The controlling compression and/or tension capacity ratio is then obtained, along with the associated station and load combination. A capacity ratio greater than 1.0 indicates exceeding a limit state. During the design, the effect of the presence of bolts or welds is not considered. Also, the joints are not designed.

Local Capacity Check

For members under axial load and moments, local capacity ratios are calculated as follows:

Under Axial Tension

A simplified approach allowed by the code is used to check the local capacity for plastic and compact sections. Ft M 33 M 22 + + pt M c 33 M c 22 (BS 4.8.2.2)

Under Axial Compression

Similarly, the same simplified approach is used for axial compression.

Overview

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Steel Frame Design BS 5950-2000

Calculation of Capacity Ratios

Fc M 33 M 22 + + Ag p y M c 33 M c 22

(BS 4.8.3.2)

Overall Buckling Check

In addition to local capacity checks, which are conducted at the section level, a compression member with bending moments is also checked for overall buckling in accordance with the following interaction ratios: Fc m M m M + 33 33 + 22 22 pc Z 33 py Z 22 py Fc m M m M + LT 33 + 22 22 pc 22 Mb Z 22 py (BS 4.8.3.3.1-1)

(BS 4.8.3.3.1-2)

The overall buckling is also checked for tension members using the formulas similar to those used for compression members, except that the axial force is assumed to be zero. The stress ratios are calculated as follows: m33 M 33 m M + 22 22 Z 33 py Z 22 py mLT M 33 m M + 22 22 Mb Z 22 py (BS 4.8.3.3.1-1)

(BS 4.8.3.3.1-2)

The factors M22, M33, and MLT as used in the above equations are calculated according to the code (BS 4.8.3.3.4, Table 18, Table 26). The equivalent uniform moment factor for flexural buckling, m, for any axis (2-2 or 3-3) is calculated as 0.1M 2 + 0.6M 3 + 0.1M 4 m = 0.2+abs M max where M1 and M5 are end moments, M2, M3, and M4 are the moments at quarter points, M 0.8 abs 24 M max (BS 4.8.3.3.4, , Table 26)

Overall Buckling Check

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Steel Frame Design BS 5950-2000

Calculation of Capacity Ratios

Mmax is the maximum moment in the segment. It is taken as the absolute maximum of M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. M24 is the maximum moment in the central half of the segment. It is taken as the absolute maximum of M2, M3, and M4.

The above equation for m applies for both major (M33) and minor (M22) directions. In determining M22 and M33, the appropriate moment values are used. Similarly to M22 and M33, the equivalent uniform moment factor for lateraltorsional buckling, MLT, is calculated based on the major axis moments as follows (BS 4.8.3.3.4, Table 18): MLT = 0.2 + where M2, M3, M4, and Mmax are as defined for flexural buckling, although they are taken to be about the major axis of bending The equation for MLT is applicable for members with stabilizing loading conditions. For the destabilizing loading condition, the appropriate value of MLT is 1.0 (BS 4.3.6.6). In the program, all members are assumed to be loaded by destabilizing loading conditions, and so MLT is conservatively taken as 1.0. 0.15 abs( M 2 ) + 0.5 abs( M 3 ) + 0.15 abs( M 4 ) 0.44 M max

Shear Capacity Check

From the factored shear force values and the shear capacity values at each station, shear capacity ratios for major and minor directions are produced for each of the load combinations as follows: Fv 2 , and Pv 2 Fv 3 . Pv 3

Shear Capacity Check

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