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Pag.
itrdur....
l -...*'*.*i'.^*i'ini.
dfinitii caz'-in imniuinutritisiuffian
l
\-l
lll\-lll.
rrvllLlrll'
\ll9
ltrirLit
\iL
U.IL
Li,i
uuiii.viiiLii
ii
..............'.4
............5
. .
. ........10
.....,............20
4. a|oaranutritiva produsloralimentar.
. ...........
5. alululvaloriinrgti
a aliInntir
.......27
..............31
6. Divrsitataqi partiularitetil
nutrilionalal gluidlordin alimnt............,.4
aliintar. . . .
7. n{iutuidiritrlsd giuid?ii pr.dusi
.. . .'.......-12
.....'......44
......52
. . ......6|
11.Vitarninl:
funliilfizilgi,stirsl.limntar;i
nsarul
zilni ^.....'....--69
minraiqi onlinutui1rinproiusi
l2. Roiui tizioigi ai imnti
aiirnntar..............
,.........'i9
i3. omparareaaplrtuiuiaiirrnla
ziirriu r.iilii
lirlriaiii
iiilita.r......'.88
tsi.iigrafi...
An.
.,'...ji"
A
'......'..9J
lntrdur
Funlia de nutri1i st una dintr l tri funlii vital snliale ar asigur
spiilr, lti dot-rfun1iivital
supraviluiral'-rmiivii, mniinraqi prptu.ra
fiind funlia d rlalie 9i funlia d rprodur. Funliil d rlali prmit
unoastramiiului inonjurtor ;i ationara aspra lui. F{utri{ia funli
fizilgi5 in sns iarg rprzintlttalitatar]norposompix ar inid:
.
.
-
4Ll
lll
4
E,4J
r!
u-llt
:-+^.4;-^l\
fLJf
rlt4l,tt
.1.l-tll.lllLaLl[
^^+^ '.^''i
stg
ull.Llt
l:^
Lllll
f^^+^.li
llLLl.,llt
*^j:.'i'.:
lItgLllLllL-rl
^*L:^+
4||IU'a||L
^^^ j^+^-.i.
Ll.lg
\lgLllllllla
it-
ltlLl-tJ
tlralU
^----:-*..!,.*^-.
tJI 4l'lsllI
!
ulll.lllq
4lt4
, A . l i l n e n t en r n r l l r . l i m n t r .
! t!!!!L.
r.trl-i
i-'|
r.,u!'
i'{utrimnt
'
\tJrr]
i industl i -r':1ilni.rtt-.
ii imni
1'
?'
s,r*,*$t.',.t.'"'*
nsarrganismului,ar :
- s trtiir?ii aiimnt sau buiurr:
sau anorgani/minral
i
} lmnt minral
Nutrimnt
sntial
a!rign
Alimntati
suntp
---gglnutrimnt
i.
l intrdus in rganism.
.
g-pA.-s
.talitata
produslr alimtrtarinlus
Digsti
mai intii s fi igradatin timpui digstii in moiui simpi,
nutrimnt' ar rprzint,substantabsrbabil 9i utilizab1|e|e
riivi luia.
Mtaholism
Drglri de
nutriti
Dnutriti
lVIalnutriti
Do.-l*
l\L
I llt
alimntar
--
trr-'g1i'itl.rnt
spil ?i-iiiiti:i d- igin alimntar, limnt
nsumat. Aiimnta1i rstritiv (rgim d si'oir, girnui
spftivi!r' rgim in a7 ! blal). Spia uman are
partiularitatad a fi omivord. adi onsum atit alimnt d
origin vgtai (igum, frut...)' it qi proius i origin
animali (arn, u, pqt, brinzturi ...). LInl prsoan,din
motiv rligioas, ti sau ultural., xlud din alimntali
riusl d rigi animai. in eSt Sns s isbs
vgeirinii. ar in funii i gradul difrit d xiudr. a
rduslr animalir, s nms rsptir,: o'lo-!cto-p-qo-!!giriE!!i_
irsoi| are a|.irddar ana din alimntaii;
Ditti
Sinitate
] valoara
nrgti
a alimntlor
Vaioarea
bilgi5
a alimntlor
Valoara
nutritiv
a alimnt|or
Homostzi
t.
J.
bzitata
Obitiv:
- +
Insira mtodlor atrtrpmtrid stimara statutuluinutri1ional
- Dtrminaraindiiior ilan1uiuipnieraiiniividual
^ii*^t^-^
alilIiiiLijiA
ii :t .( ' . i o il ^
.'.fi^ia.+
Li ii5uiiLiliLa'
.^''
Su
jo
(i
xs
S tL.a, u'
i^ ^
-i^i^o.
ia Orlgina
',
a , li r n e n t t i i
,_
?n lrltirnii
{o
rlc
ni
tr.r.t.,q ''|q
rr lirrnlqti'
fil
'l'':
LiJl}.,,ului
'..-^^
ulit(ili
^^+^ l^4i.i+
5L
ugllliitr
l''*
uu4
l:+;-:+^
tlill
lL
^-i+^-l].
LllLsi
ll.
L:^^L:*:^
UltJLiilllliL'
^Jl.^^
<1) ! uL auIp(,
b) l sutmusuiar
) Tsutosos
J\
a\--^-^
a \
w I
\i ',o.oo
vI Ywlv.
lJlULlIltlllU
.!
lllvtrlvq
vg
Y llJLg.
LJLvlr
zo
P r o t i n_
i:-:i^
Lllu_
< 1.^
.ru....rJ
-t\'B
1 5 . . . 1k7g
-7
ir^ri./...lUl\
kg
Gluid_ 0,5...0,8
lmntminral-2,5"..3 kg
Mdpiui fiziIoi s a'ean ntiund mnatimnt.omoartimntui
rgrupaz omponnlii orporali lga{i intr i dupa ompzi1i, indifrnt d
loalizaralr anatomii' Sau d struturalor himi. odlul fiziologi opereaz
u tv vrsi';ni:i du omartimnt,g tri mpartimnt;i ri ptru
ompartimnt.
- Modlul d douit comprtimtdsbqtmasa gras (adipoas)qi rstul il.iasanon-adipas.'{asagras spundtrigliridli.dpzitatin adipoit
indifrentd lalizaralr anatmi5:ast rnpartimntst lipsit d ep. I\4asa
non-adipoasorspundesumi api rporal,oaslor, organlor' luzind parta
adipoasi. asa non-adipoasst onstituitin prinipal din ap.
- Modlul d tri comprtiment, In ast model masa nn-adipoas6 st
diizatd,\n ms lulrd ctid diferitor org|1Ei muschi si in p etrclulr.
Al trila ompartimntst !sutuladipos.
- Modlul d ptru comprtimt' In ast modl sr dosbs mSl
dipos 9i tri mponnt al masi non.adipoas (ms lulr ctiv
diJritor orgn si muschi, p triuir,ms mirid ososii').
---d--
-_
l--
-)
- -.\
2.3.Dtrrnimaraindiilr biln{uluipndrl
,.
, 2.3.|.Indil nrsir"nr!(rC}
I stun iildiatral tasi rpral,aroirr tlrnctid valoar,poatindia
.j i-s.
ist.ni r'ni insfiini
nnniiLt
* . . - - ttrjr..i.
l'l-ri'i
.s-'s
: - ntln..irI.
r".
'
INIC :
r12
valaUtl
.^^-+.'''^_^;
pI!tIu
lglltt
-:
)l
L.L^rj
UalUall.
'.'/'
_-^ rt
rlYl\_
rll,L
--{
3 0 . . . 4 , 9
3 5 .' . 9 . 9
n
z\ a/ w
Statutui pndral
pondal6
Insufiint5
Nrmalitat
s pnlr-l
obzitat modrat
l II
Obzitatmrbid6, avansat(gradul ltt
rqrri
vuvall4lL
rqv.
Knttt'
I
2.3.2.Cirumiringa tiii
Rpartizarearpra!5a tstrilrgras st d asmnaimrtant5.Astfl.
grsimil dprzitatla nivli adominal qi visrai ('ozitatandrid, saLl
obzitat ,,lr:rr,'.)
coreieazmai frvnt u irvn1amaiadiiior ariio-vasular9i
drgl6ril mtabli. astfl a diabtul si ataul d ord. in omparati u
o.beziiata situai5 in
partea inftriar6 a
rpului (bzitat gr.
''-
t2
)*_/\
---!.
/- /
-/
F'
1;-
"\,,.
\r
\ sx
r\r\i
il\
' ri(\
t.
/
i/\r
-+-\, i
_
.1
\__+i-j_-/
J
I I
\rl)
\ l
\i)/
lii
,rli\
\tI,/
\\
\ \)$
Fig=2.5' Shmati7'area
obzit1iignoid(..par6'')qi androide(..m6r'')
Aumulara grsimii la nivlul talii rqt risul d diabt, hiprtnsiunqi
maladii vasular.Inpind in mdiu u 88 - 90 ntimtrila fmi qi 102 - 105
ntimtri la b6rba1i,s poat onsidra ist obzitat.
r'--\
1^
! L-
4a
1r\ (r-\
J \_r-J U
^.^:
allll
7 ^/
L -t .t v
^^
10 a<o/
I O-:J
/O
4^/
1< 1<O/
-J-J
J /U
13
Nume:
urbd orpolnt5ntrubigid la 0 ia lE ai
Datanterii:
.. - Prenurn
'i0
i1
i2
13
.15
i4
16
i7
18
32
tn
**
.. 3C
IY
29
.28
27
tl
Grdu|
2
'1
.26
97 za
tzc
23
22
l^
l\)
,;
20
19
18
1, v
LlJ
tv
B
1g
3fi
16
1.
15
14
4C
ponjeral
Insufiint
.lM.
T:+!l
11
tt
lv||@.
789101112
Vta(ni)
o
50 21
20
Ll
?2
Grdui
i
21
tz
90 24
2,5
14'
a_
0bezitate
24
17
'!3
14
15
.t6
17
asagilnaitima
fiiruiopiitrebuie
misurate
sisternati.
iniiei
msiorprai
iit.riC)
esteunbuninjitor
iobezittii.
ifu]
variaztlv6r*-l
re5te
in ieursui
primiior
iivia!,piis;t
en;ini jua9t
din
nou.
rsre
uibi
j
pierrt
pntrutiere
j iopiTt,
opi|permite
pr.e.u..
identifiia
J-i,Jii.''ris"!a oevenl
ezi.
i zui6rrdvire
ii,'.i
.ep95t
97Br.ntii,
piiui,liisl.rtui/tt6nErui
stiz.
utregtt.
edipzittii
stema!proe'
uattrisu!
bezittii
stmimr.
18
11
pntruft d la 0 la 18 ani
urb 1opoln}
Nume:^
',15 16 17 18
1 0 1 1 1 2 13 14
'32
JZ
JI
** -" liO
30
zv
29
.Z
o
L{)
27
2
Graiul
97
zo
Ohazitato
vwv&|rv
27
25
zc
*1
90 24
24
..
'23
1
Gradul
7 5 22
22
ll
!;;
*50
20
25
:': 1 9
^4
zl
20
'19
.la
40
IO
10
lt
.:'.
16
....'.
17
16
,|
15
14
14
IJ
13
13
!!v!'*.
IZ
Ttl
'i"t
ii.{
i2
45s789i0ii
\/iria
Y qlgtu
ll
iam:
i3
i4
i5
i6
ir-
lani\i l /
\qr
misurate
sistmati.
firui
opiltebuie
Masagiinil1imea
ndur.su|
!ltlr5te
Ill vriaz
uvit.sta.
aIbeziti!!|.
esteunbuninditr
masii.pr|
lndi|e
{lI'"a}
d opi!
p6n|a6 ni,iup5ar$t
i.irtli
dirliru'rsre
primi|or
aniieviali,apoidsr;i
bezi.
sauuiskd dvi
penhu fir
piii
bzi,
pU
iiplliiit'idiiiifil
esteobez.
97proentiIe,
opi|u|/adolesentu|/tt6nru|
|Cdepgegte
nazul6ndva|oarea
estemimar.
mipro,
ut6trisuiobzittii
adipoiitiiiste
Cu6tr9tre
ii
(}-'wirgfr:;n
tlU
Bf'fliet
t
Rferint
oMS
I]G.'yi'rsta Fete
;)
5 to 19 ani (s;oruri
1
\
...i. .,..
i
\,
i
' |:'
\J
1
,-.,
.
:;
I
"i"
oS
2007Re1.eint
-2.3.:$;
gras
; Stra rzrvlr d grsim pr.zintirrtrs ,jirr dou ttiv. Pra pulin
grsirn orporald est auzat d subnutrifi, iar rzrvl pra mari, xsul d
grsirrroiprl s asiaz'cu r'is si.it pirti bolil roni . inlsiv blil
ardio-vasuiar,iia'otui;i uni tipuri i anr. 6surrii pliuriior aiipoas
caraIerizazl distribuia isutului adipos subutanat 9i pat fi important in
przirarisului unor boli. Astfl, dpozitaraprfrnlialabdominal a grsimii
ia fmi st un ttd is ardio-vasuir;i ai anruiuindmtl.iai.
iiurii
utanats msaru adipmtrul.
stimaraprontajuluitotal al masi grasr inbaza msurrilorpliurilor utanat
seazeazp itvapostulat:
- prprlia dintr grisima stlutanata;i grasimatotal-stnstant;
- grosimapilii stonstant6;
- onlinutul lipidlor in !sutuladips st onstant- ira 70Yo;
. istribuira grsimii stprpinaid.
Ttugi aEti paramtri pot varia in funli d vArst:$e, tni, nivlul antrnrii
tztce,starad s5n6tat,lla limitaz intruitva atitateamsurrilor.Totuqi,
.jatoritsinriitiii ;i roilr rlativ rar obsi-vat,aastmtod r6m6n o thni
d rfrin!.
f3..r. Thnia d msurarr a liurilor utanat Durin qi Rahaman (|967\
ThniaDurin si Rahaman s azeaztp msurareaa patru pliuri utanat:
- pliul vrtial la mijloul bipsului, mina st?ngreIaxatl;
- pliul vrtial la mijloul tripsului,mina sting re|axat6;
- pliul sub-sapular,sub moplat, poziied rpaos,pliul |a 45nfa! d vrtial;
- pliul vrtialsupra-ilia:dasuprartiilia,p linia auiliarmdi.
Fi S . suma in mm a ior patru piiuri. Dnsitata orporaia orspunztoars
b1in din atiil przntat in tab1';1,
2.2.' und log S st lgaritmul sumi
pliurilr utant.
Tab|ul 2.2, cuatia prditiv a dnsittii orrl (DO in funti d virst si
rrn iq orlll lf i
i
I
1 6 - 1 9a n i
1]9,"i
30-39 ani
4A-49 ani
st5iani i
|5-72ani
: t'tt_'
DC : 1.1422- 0.0544los S
D: |"1620- 0.0700los S
DC : i, i 7 i5 _ ,744
ig S
D: I'1765- a'0744lgS
9-:I1!42-q.0q_]ggJ
D:
DC:
DC :
D:
D :
i,i599_0,07i7lgS
| . 1 4 2 _ 0 . 0 6 3 2l o S
1 ' 1 3 3- 0 , 0 6 1 2l o g S
i . i 3 9 - . 5 4 i5 s S
\ ' \ 5 6 i * 0 , 0 7 1 7i o g S
}'{asagras.:
\^.^+^+
l,
llUtaL.
^
U.1
f^*^:l^.
llllllUl
+]^^-^
tlIll
l^ ^^+^ -^^^^^^^L:t
Is, st
lL\,tllttlLllUIl
.'.
Llll
.-:*;*''*
lllllllllrLllll
^
\Jt
|.7 - 1Qo
l /
'|) /v
^
\tl
ra-
llrtJt
^^^$:^i^.t
L\J\,l ll-lllL'
^ -a
l^;-l^^+;
a+q'
Ll (Jlt L,lLl'
LrILl
n _
l
-|
nnfrr.
u
; yLrtLr
t*oi
lLlllul.
Jinind ont d faptul 6 ira 25Yo din !sutul adips Stativ din punt d vdr
mtabli' masa tortia oprului s orteazdprin formula:
und
Datl statistia-ra-t6,
nivh-rld morbititata prsoanlrd 30 - 40 ani st mai
sti; i - i59,uinfria6masitti.
rdus?irzuilir.jinSr1.ll5
Niviul d mrbiditatr;tpomind d la 25 - 0% d xspondral.
Tm
2.1. Caiuia1i iniii asi orprai proprii, in baza vaiorii o'olinut,tragli
oniuziarfritoarla statuttrinutri1iorrai.
intrvalulimasi clporair nrmalEi
valril IN{ rSpunztar
2.2.TJtt1'izjnd
inilimaprpri,aluiali pntrusin intrvaiuivaioriior masi orporaisn6toas.
taiii qi omparalimarimau vaioril 88 - 90 m
2.. 6sura1iirumtrin1a
pnt.ifmi;i 102 - l05 ln nruhrhati.Flmul{in!uzied riger
taiii qi a apsir;i aiuia1iraprtuiir. rnpara1i
2.4. asurali irumirin1a
valoaraob1inutu 1 pntru brbatisi 0,8 _ pentu fmi. ragli oniuzia d
rigar'
For.rnuiatirriuziansar.
z.5. aluiali indii masi gas1rpl.iu.
l9
3. ALCULUL NSARULUI
i 'uTI D ATIvITAT,
INDIVIDUAL D NRGI
$I STARA D sA,
obitiv:
. onsolidarauno$tinfelor
dsprhltuililnrgti
zilni al organismului
uman ;
.
lnsu$ira
mtdlord alul al nsaruluid nrgiin funli d paramtrii
fi zilogii individuali.
^l--r^-^
- -:1-siiltZa -iioiioi.
irrolul prr.ru i.ilovai. SaLJ ai.a str.utur.iii.lulr
lJlLteLu
h
l g}g{tal ,f 'Pg \l l. f t .
L:,
lw!
rllg
d +' '
l {
./\
l A
"
- f
- -
\ - - -
i V l l - |t , 5
.!!l { t
'oazd.ka1l24
uni:fuiB - mtboiisrnuii
ore:
_
]vi masaopuiui,kg;
I II
vu',J
^
.-.
Llll-
\rJ./G:lv,\
il,,
\J'vvJJ
' -
^ - ,
^,,,
lJ
(,i.6i56 !^l.
f e
l -_ lA
?{{
\v./JJ
v
o
l/ l
'J,
ttt
t'r\
\LJ
V _ vist.ani.
tsormul lai Hrris-Benedict tulizttii d cdtr Rozt si Shizgtl (199Q :
a) Frni: }B = 67'05t.+ (.9.14g
(3)
i\4)+ {|'129 l{): {.4,131
;
=
_
b) B5rba11:
NIB 11,6a7+ (l:{.707 PI) + i4,923 l{) (6.613 v),
(+:1
(5)
x v-0'l3]x (1000/4,1855)
Fmi,B: [,963 M)o'o'0.50
"
:
x l{rJ.50
x v.0'l3]x (l000/4,1855) (6)
Brba{i,B Il,083 x Masa(kg)o'o*
d az6'kca|l24 ore.
und:B - mta.bolisml_;l
- rnasarpuiui,kg;
H _ inallima,m;
V _ v?rst,ni.
Fornulalui Blak g.a.stin przntfornulad rfrin!,in spial pntru
prsoanlu surplus d mas6 orpoal Ei proanld virst inaintat6 (pst60
ani).
3.2.|.hltuilil nrgtizilni in l.un{id niviul d ativitat flzic
hltuililnrgtizilni in fun1id nivlul d ativitatfizi s
ca|cu|'e
az6 dupa ua{ia :
N = B l{AFo
Q)
und N _ nsaruinrgti,kai;
i'B _ irrtllisrrrul
d baztralulat du5 ualia lui l{arris-Bndit,kal;
NAF - nivlul d ativitatefizi6 (in nglzaPAL - physial ativity lvl).
Fctorl d lctivittNF(PL)
Niviul l: sdntar
F: x i"45: B: x 1"45.
- nivlal d tctivittJizicd:
I
3.2.2.hituilil suplirnntrde nrgi in unl bli
Pntru alulul nsaruluisuplimntard nrgie cauza|d unl boli, s apli
fat.ii pntru maladii. arr ar difrit vairi ?n funti d aftiun. dup um
urmeazl'.
a) insufiini i.naioni:
nrgi:
i.2...i.5 x ivfB - pntrumntinr
2.0 ;<B - pntrurqtrainasirpral
b) lntervnfii hirurgialostimiisau traum:
,^^',-;^'
12f lvl
xl.
Intvn1ii
hi;rgial: l.44 B
raumshlti:
1.3 B
Sptiemi major:
Arsuri:
| . 6 . . . i . 9 i v i t s
i - 5 . . . 2 .( ) B .
-l_
I
l--]-)r!!-). ! -
-_1-^l
j t-ivlul
' ni.gti
'
-l -+.
jjsrg!..rg
Tiul ativit{ii
Fini
B5rbii
]L
a
L
L-
usutul'srira"luaramsi
Ativitat floartlir (ondur
] atmbilului,mrs int p l crpt)
1
0.00-0.0
i2
0 . 0 0 9 - 0 . 0 1 6a"a14-a.a22
l
0.018-0.0-?50.023-0.040
0.05-0.0530.042-0.050
-^-^1-:t^i\
IIIUUTTgi
'
0.62
U.U))
Ativitata
Ora
Durata ati.
vittii. min
23.00-06.30 Somn
450
0.30-06.45 oaltad diminat 1 5
o.4- /.t'
7.45-i.25
7.25-8.00
Imbrar
Luara diunului
rs p jos la
$oale,srviitl
Nivlul nrrgti
-p',s
.^4- l.
.r l, t,4l
15
ZU
TU
t7
./.v
35
i0
l0
360
160
20
450
beiu!3.3.hituiiinrgtipntru tir,it{i
qi kii.gsm*,
kiikgimin
Birbati
0.009-0.0l6s a.4-0.022
180
0.018-0.05
sau 0.023-0.040
0.0--0.05
sau 0'042-0.060
---;;;
.ss
.62
"
i TotIulnrgiihgltltgqntrativiti{i kal/zi:
i
Ft
IO
|l ^v
1U
450
- prlgri
160
- lur5ri d laborator 1,40
- ...
14.00
. ' .- 2 . 0
t40
20 2A
l0
kai + B.
kai
kai
k a i ) 0 . i 0
D. Nsarulnrgtipntrutrmorglar:
0,l (A+ B+ )
heltuili rgtitta!in 24 or :
A+ B+ +
V -,|
m:
3. i.aiuiati nsarui nrgti ztinictotai utiiiziniiormuia lui Harris-Bndit,
fiinfii aratristiiativit1iiprsnalqi, .;ntual,hltuililsup1irnntar
d nrgi legatd nel afliuni.
3.2. stimali hltuilil nrgtiezi|niceprsonalmpltinionsutiv
tabil 3.1- 3.4.iin.2..
3.3 Compara[i rezultatloblinut Ei apriali da hltuilil nrgtizilni
prsnalqi nsarulnrgtizilni total alilat au r,lori aprpiat.in azl unui
dalajmai mar d 200-300kal intr.',alri,vrifiatirtitudinealgrii
nivlului d ativitatefizicl, (NAF) sau a stimriihltuililornrgtizilni si
ajustalialullpntrua ob1invalori apropiat.
! .
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4. VALOARA
NLrRITI'.A A PRDLTSLOR ALIIVINTAR
obitiv:
Cnsolidaraunoqtin!lrdsprgrupld alimnt;
Studiravalorii nutritiv in rla1iu ompozi1iahimic a difritor grup d
a1inrlrt.
4.1.Gru d alimnt
Alimntl sunt prdusnaturalmplex d rigine animal sau vgtal'
ar sunt nsiimat in sta ruii sau dupa tratar trnii6, fi in s...arair
natural, sau dup r a fbst supus unor transfrmlri. Prdsl alirnntar
vgetal inlud: ral (grflu, sar,ofz, orez1ovdz, prumb, mei, hriq t),
''u.i i aiun, nui grqti'nu i oos, migiai,t ), lguminase(maz6r,
in, susn
(arahid, floara-soarir-ri,
fasul,sia, lint, n.-rt
oia.ginas
,\ostrrrnt
t), frut (m, prr' gutui, prrrn' irg' viqin, ais, strrrguri,pottal,
ananas' banan, pqun, zmeuriat.), igurlr 9i vrdri (vint, dovli'
rl..r,vi'sfl1, <lrttrfi, rrai;i, Spana, '',&fZ.,ap, usturi, atrun.ji t.).
iuri. q.a..produsl alimntar d origin animal inlud: arnea (vit, por'
mil, ipur, pui, ra{, g6s6, uran t), laptl 9i prdus latat ( iaurt,
^.^.a.+i_:
L.^.-
-.l^ -'^^:
.'.+
^+^\
^.'
^^..:^.
ultLr LL,' \,ua' uavtaf' pEt' i.dsta (stidii, almr,
r-\-.n
Ljw<L
a . ! + i u .l v.i ti . z r r . i
iili
!ir,rrnta.lo
Giiiii,iiLviv
i.
2.
3.
1.
5.
6.
7.
8.
i0"
s
J!'
..Isifi
viqJiti!(i
|i i ,i ,
,7
;
ral;
rdiliairrid..i,nas;
zahruri qi sirpuri;
lguniiirs.ui, slil-ii;
vgtai;
frte;
arn. ;t.u;
lpt qi produs latt;
'.I]r..]
.bitri.
27
Q oo',
qg
in
iii
l A
'.r
1
a
i;
f t r l irj h- \A- ..
;<i
.. | "
6 r . , |".I r . / '
> ipid
b) Mirnutrimen|
si microgrmlor)..
} lmnt minral
miligrmlor
-n
frllie.
llr rn irrrq s
srtnt
.
!
.
-.
^^.a^i::
Lat lutir
I
li glllr-irie:
^: i---^..,.4sl u.tllallulE
^-----:-^^^^l^
^:
i!u
f-----r-l^
ull
q^. ^
t l-l.l l4l l:l -t t- . 4
-
^ l^^-:--
-:.ii^..+
I ll.tllat
l^
uE
^*:l^..alllltiurl:
-^--
prdus |att
sllr(
^^_ri_
^^_.:.f:
ll
i_._^-.r^_t^
j.
l,. UuusAl(
L4
l^^r:^^
l.liJr
Jw
^^:J^
_-.^.^:_^
-^_._i^.^
l':..
-.-^^:^|
/U,r
^^-.:--
al-tttU rillli
L^^a^-.::
Uali.ii
l^^r:^^
Iaiil-r
Grua 4
arn, p;te, ou5
siguri
rgnismrrl
u
ilgi
etive.
suirstanf
qlorii
1rr'
fiind
srar
Grisimi
limtar
G." ?
Buturi
in
surse
Tem:
4.\. 4utrl.lltbllrmZiliihirnia prdlJsloralirnntardin ana
stuiiliqi notii intr-untabi simiiar oniinutii maronutrimnt$i
in urmtrIgni d aIimnt:
mir-:rnt_l1t.imnt
P;.riusdin ral: up( hris"fi.rigii ',,Z,
arpa$'mi, orZ,gris),
piirr d giu d aiitat Suri$ai.,
iii-iitgri,piin d sar,mrn6iig,
prSmti.asteinas;
Frut qi pmuqoar:I1"}r'
strugui,pr,prun' ais,piersii, irg,gutui,
ptrrt:ai.iirii,'ailail,
ZmtJra,coa\Zaneagr6,Coaaz
ro$i,soru$'mE,tin6,porumbrrl,zmos,
harbsz"
i,gm 9i :i-r.r.
at1g-lfi.
tpitreinhut,sflr;i' efze aib5,afze bru;<lz"
nid'atzao$ir,bstan,dvli, tinat,ardi gras ro$u'ardi gras vrd,
morov,a-stravti'
a'apvrd,ptrunjlvrd,mrar.idih d lun.
ridih d t.amn,9ampinilr;
Lguminoas: fasoi, mazarevl,mazareusata.lint.'oob.n6ut.Soia:
L^i-,^
^^..^*^i
nalva,
araml
stiis, mlr d aibtni;
l:.^
Cluid
Lipid (Gr6simi
r<riin
enrggti
- -
,nrgi
su|E-
I
I
9 kall
,r l.^^l t
Z+
Ual/
|\nt.
!oolu,l
bioiogiii
orgism
dorc
-.
^f-
-.-.,.^-
,.^..f^..-..
..-.-l
\'
"l
J!
v4lvurL
}/
P r o t i n 0: . 1 3 4 0 g : 5 , 2 g 4 k c a | l g : 2 0 , 8 k a l
I-ipid:0.12 40 g: 4'8 g x 9 kcaltlg: 4,2 kca|
1:I'.^;,]^.^
t t, 4^-- \JlLlLlLl,L. v'l
,\.tw A
^-.,
| , ^ ^ 1 | ^ -,v 0 ^. vru
ll.rrl,^^l
lU.v
NUal
: 80 kal
Valaranrgti'
totala ului: 20,8+4,2+16,0
ablul 5.2. Compzi{i unor alimnt(g/l00 g aliment)
Alimnt
Can (bovin,ovin)
5tngas(mintai,stiu)
70
8l
15
87,5
ou
La
ln
l. iaut
Piin
l gurnpr.-raspt
ipEsti d sl,
| . '^--
Y
!'
.'^ l ^+ \
9r9!*
-.1
l1-rt
Gluide Protin
0
0
I
s4
l8
-----=--+--sl)
20
l8
Lipid
10
I
13
ll
15
4
I
i" )t{"
--artoti
l Prrrtnqi
1 v!
ru
v.*:
ll
rinl
Yit-v-.,ii*
mlia
Br
iiru
Vin sr alb $ l
ro$u
Vin alb d dsrt
Ct^*^^-i
JarrrL,1-|
I:^L:^l- I l-l ll ul
Vot1
t2
^ L-.,+
llg
L,l LtL
t(
.\1
72 - r12
lnA
rln
L/-\J
40
-L
1 "t Wn
2U
1 5 70
112
4A -74
0
Valoar
nrgti6,
Kal/l
2- 57
60- 580
s00- 780
5 6 0- 1 0 6 0
750
lnnn_ 1<nal
MV
IJVV
224
JJ
Tm:
5.l. alu|a[lvaloaranrgtia uni flii d p?ind 5c d gram.
5.2' a]ulativalaranrgti6a unui mr d 80 d gram.
5.3.alula{i6tgramd all qi Atkillorii a nsurnat prsan5d 75 de
l ' : g , d a l a o l a 2 0 . 0 0 a n s l i m a t 2ml
d ; a m p a n i l a a p r i t i vi Y , d e l i t r . r c v i n
s alb. In it timp aloolul nsumatva fi dgradatin organisrnulastiprsoane?
5.4.Cunosindi prsanadata onsumatde litru d id"rqi 250 ml d br d
5ola ora 18.00,alula{ida s-a fblosit in timpui np{iisistmulantin-oxidaz.
cata|azapntru oxidara aiiului ingrat?
intrbri prltru utvrifiar
1.-C nutrimniar a mai inaitvaloarnrgti?
2' vloarngti
ar aloolulti!i?
3. Car sunt manismiimtabolizareai aiooiuiui tiii?
6. DIV,RSITAT,A $I PARTIULARITATIL
NUT.RrloIt[AL,
AL GLUCIDLOR
DIN ALIMR{T
obitiv:
gluidlr in alimnt.: zahr,;ri,arnidnuri,fibr
FamiliariZara,; ci.',rsitat
alimntarqi partiularit1illor nutrilinal.
Studiul rolului fizilogi 9i al onlinutuluidifritorlas d fibr alimntarin
alimnt'
.l. Clasifiar qi rolul fiziologi al gluidlr
Gluidl nstituiun omponntimprtanta| alimntafii,on{inindu-sin astfl
d prdus frvnt onsll]at, zahlrtll, piina, orzul, prumbul, artoful,
fiutl,t.
in funii <isirutur,giuitiis impai ili ?tvals;:
oz] sunt gluid simpl, monozaharid(ontoz:arabinoza.xl\oza. riboza; hoz:
gluza,fo;tz.galatz.lnnz):
zidi suntgiuidmpi,hi,jr.iiziriil,
irrlusiv:
l{izii' ar iupa ilidriiz iibraz ioar oz. ?n grupui hiziiior s
,4*',r.
---"*_----
Hoiozid
1ibraralusiva ozlor
drrn1ridrliz
Ilomtlgiia
o singurzi
plinrrizat6
Htzid
oligzide
2.10unittiozidi
Htrglia
}-^+^i^*^^ *-^+^l.^l^.
l ll,LJrlUr lLtLLlrlLl\ji.
rnntarii
nzharide
lt
^-- ^- ^
l ...
^a ..
l l'luUl.
I Ia-|UZr
i l. Gluoz6
z
Fruto,a
i
* : ^.,.
tlllI.
.-:-.-*
)rru
mb
Frut.mir
l,-
ug I
(iluoz
Frutoz
: - ' .- . .
l 3. ialatz
{
+.
)l.l,^tn
Ill
l. Riboza
2.Xiloza
Frut.lggm'ral. | iloz
il;pri. alg marin.
gurnd mstat,
lttl
] ?
I
J.
I
Dizharide (d
1. Zaharoz
3. N{altozqi
nraltoiozi
se vd Notl
lgumlor.invlitrl
xtrio al smintlor
j,lqg{"prinB-1.4
i 2 IImiltliz-
G|uoz6;i
galactoz6
Plimronstituitdin
moluld gluoz
lasa
t inl
i poIimr llnsi,iiuit
tn
!atltrq
l ' L-.-^-^
rlL
t rL^r-rl_L
n,!!"lP
L^*;.'^l''l,.-^l^iiLiiiivuiuiuzuitrl
dnumirii
.^.^,'^+i'.^
i!aP!!Livv.
^.+^l
fiJLiwi.
.| -e* .i . - -
1-ll.ilr
B.i.4 ;i atir
itrai:
.-
l,aPt;i prdusltat
Polizhride
l. !ulza
ibil
hrid
Zahdr, mlas,sirop d
2.I,actoz
^^.r-.^l
LLI lLt drar
li^nta
ltlrrlLlIlL
Arbinoza
'oi-^-o
I ltqulllvag
li^+-,uritLl_\,
N4ffiozaha.id.
|anozanu s n[in in fbrma libr ]
in
f,^..^_
Ivl.7IlOI.d
D,t
t .
I EI..v;J
1-'-..^
I ., ^-^! .
I.1tUldl
Atl(-}glua!lg'
..^.^-*..LUi!lLr)L
:lll
.^-:..^:.-^l
jllL Il,'(rl
l,r
.!:,ulll
^t--^^_-^.----.!1tiluut I liJiti-lrtur
,-r-.,,.,-',".,'to
i lrr,.
ri-ibin.ilarr).
I
ii
asIlliia
(ontinuartab.6.1
Ptinl onstaudintr-o atni
ntral frmat din aizi
galaturonii u grad diflritd
mtilar 9i ramnz. atni
itlsilrtullstituittjiii l.tz
Frutr
3. Ptin
'
1Sr1iilplantlr
I
4. Gum
|
l
lllr
|
|
iiiii:;1
"-'--*t
e--'
d salm,
j Guma arabi.srtat
gst
galatmanan.
din
ollstituita
1
i
l
|
|
--l----
|
l
l JlI
\ -j (-l l-l |-q-
^6
- ' -u 9
l llfnz
ftIlof
aH '' ( | l
^^trt^
LvrrJt4
d'n
ulll
g lf (c.h( l,frf!Al u? za q r
r.ir] lrrrrrnic si
aidgluuroniqi
l-..--.-.---.|.l-
l Srtiilsnrintlr
i
l
i
,
i
i
i
i
i
Inulinanstdintr-unamstd 2
tipuri d plimri (!.rtni
plimriai fi1zigi alnlungi
oinarrt'ou.a,
ltlrrrni
ir'norr.i
nr|ir,
2.rut.^
L l ttl }:. .^
. t ,^
Z 4 -l
_l
j.91-rr.
I
apa,anghinar.
-L^-:i^
lll
l uL
-l
'
i
,-_r-
-^^--
l Ualatoza
i 3. anzan
l
'
--ono|
noa
r r9qrvz
D^*-;
r\4llrl\rz4
I J.
|
iupri.inst.
drjl.iii
SIad z,ah,r,
fasl,l C!uz5,
lii'
i ( r lizafiai(rj
/
!\
! -.-.-_^:-^----.-_-
lBurrlrlluas
rl
'ob,
fiutz.
oq|
qtz
Frut-o1igozalrarid1u gal d
piilrizr uprins inr ...i 0
rzi'titi in rinipai ie hi.jriiza
par\ia|'
irrulini'
Frutligzaheridlr p.t fi blinut d
asmna ri n biosintcza enzimatic'
iir |laza aisiului ,j zaatoz6.
i -gluoz
1iutz.
luozsi
sr l.rutz.
l
l
(ontinuartab.6.i )
6. Stahioz6
(.trazaharic)
Gluoz6,
frucLlztr^
lactoza
91g $i sIrthi z l
| " os'."Bg"
(in
,I
Jr
||c'Iltulnt
Produs d arnr
usmarin
vstal
RSt
Boabd midon
fizi inasibil
t..
l otgseI'
inapsulatin
matia
alimntar6:boabe
9i smin!pa(ial
mainat
RS2
Boab nativ
intatd
amidon: artt.i
ruzi. banan
vrzi, amidon d
prumb u
onlinut sporit d
amiloz6
R53
Amidonul
trogadat:
I alimnt
RS4
Amidonul
modifiat
himi
amlla
tratattmi
9i rit,
piin, fuigi
d porumb
- stimularafi.mntaliili;
- diminuaraolstrolmiitotalqi/saua fra1iiolstroluluiLDL;
- diminuaraglimii giisauinsulinrniipstprandial.
st admis, 5 fibrl snt nsurat sirnultan u al1i nstitu-nliptnlial
vitarin, minral qi ai1i
bnfii asoiali fibrior in matria aiimnta-rl:
nstitunli .lg'tali. Astfl. rlul fibr!r er pute t pliat" in part printr-
sinrgidintr fib." Ei substan!iasiat.st dmnstrat6oria1iadirt intre
onsumuld fibr alimntarqi rdurainidn!idiabtului,anenrluilortal.
hiprlipiimiigi onstipaliei,gstiunamasi orporai,sa1itat.
Rvndi6rila<imisp tihtiprorjuslralitnrrtarsunt urriarl:
- ,,Sursd fibre'' -.o.,p,'r'd uni antit1i13 gl100 g d produssau d 1'5gi100 kal d
roius(Fran!a):
- 99l.jig,tir.
{ire'' - orspunluni antitaii d 6 gi i00 g ti priussr-ttl 3,Ogii00 ki d
prdus (Fan1a):
- ,,Rgimuri sra in lipirr 9i togutt.. oli'.nt
nfinind fibr (prorlus ralirofrut,
lrgume) pt rdu risul unr tipuri d anr, re st o maladi multifatoril', (od
aniDrug Adrninistation' SUA);
- ,,Rgimuri sr.in lipid satrtgi in lstr!;i bgtin frut, lgum qi prdus
ralirar onlin unl tiuri d fibr, in partiular fibr sIubil,pt rdu risul
mldii ardi, re estr r!di mltiftrili,' (Fd and Drug Aiministation,SI'IA).
l ir l
R'rq-
Ulgrr
Iln'
rlvrrv6
Cn{inutul d fibr
A|imnt bogatin
alimntar solubil si
fibr slubil
inslubil in 10Llg de !
praspt
j rdus*Plqas
j_----
[\4igiai
;,;
1
l.s'!tl
i s'r1i
--j_
.la-'"
27-28
i5
----i
i
5-
j N{az6rvrdr
fiarta
';nffi
Curmal
r )A|:|. |^e^' |^| l|L
iqig!49
tez intsrl
.,)
7-8
-jPun
j Fasr!fi.arti
i F.igid v'z
iviorvi
i fi."+
Lint fiarcl
Con{inutul d fibr
alimntar* sIubi!qi
inslubil in 100 g d
i malri proaspit5, g l
Praz
Varz, s
Dar.tnn
l
l vl Lvwlv
i
I
!
I
I
i.g! l
6-i;_-----_J
2-4
2-
1-3
1-3
.,
Frunz d salat,
!A1.c'!,!
* ir 50?6ifibr soiubii
aiimnt
Prdrrs
raiier
Piin, iranzi1
Piin intgral6
orz firt
rz iirtgrai irt
Bisui1i ptit bu.
Cral indulit pntru
miui ijun
usli
Migdal
Frut
A1un
usat 9i
lguminas run
Lint vri
Fasolrgi
Fasol aib
Nui
Nlazdre vrd onsrvat
Lgum
Spana
Rrli
Pistii d fasol
(proaspt)
Cartfi
Roqii
Morov firt
Salat6 rud6
)vlifirti
E!-..^+^
-1' ! L 1g
g fibr/
rds limntr
rle
.I\'^-o
i00
,5
5,6
0,5
0,4
'7
1,7
25
|,7,
rJ
20,6
) 1+
1
al
<)
,6
1',7
)5
1,9
1'7
1,5
1,4
+
+
+
+
+
4,
/'t 1
--
Jl
I .," ,
|;1I
8,1
J ' J
J ' J
+
+
+
+
8,3
17.6
l r
ll,2
2"8
10,5
10,8
12,5
+
+
+
la,7
-.--t-_---_'*.--l
I
1o
ait,,
1.8
./_
--:,
D * (t
.^;^
L1I
1Su d nortoalu
, uIp
0,4
1,7
ortoai proaspt
Pisii in sirtl
oi
nnfa
D(lt.lr-
i,3
Bogat
i fibre
1)
- - -nj - s; t l- n- - - I I
100 kal
i|L
'1-
Srs d
fibr
o fire/
D-_*-_'
4,29
6.47
\l
rI +
l+
l+
+
11
l ri
<1
li
m
6.l. obsrva}idatldin tablui6.1.ar gluidsuntdigstibil,par{ialdigstibil
;;indigstibil?
'2. s ?ntAmplu giuiriindigratSubaliunanzimirbtrindin
.
1-,.
(]l()Il
6..Dali 1]p!
d prdusalimntarnatrl,limntd prdutiindustia!9i
buat,spif-i?nd
tipul d amidnrzistntptirlia!n1inut.
I.ipsit d fibr
-
Bogt in fibr
a
... fasoi
...soia
... mazteusat
'.. tri d griu
... topinambur
..^^l... Pi rDrLrE
...
|oIa
LUltl4LU
... mrar
*-^J,...,.1,,;
lJl UttLlDuj. l.
---^ l--^--1..:
[ trllLrstll
Lrr
|
^I:*aa4aq
Iaarrrlt\rlttaliLi
.n*l.
!
Ltf,4!.
l\,/l q
I l11ll1l.t.llf
i*
llt
,.
ll
.-*.,-o
t 4lll!
r{, to
J
25-30g
o
L
7. CNTINUUL
PRDUSL
bitiv:
- Studia
nlinutuluid gluid?nalimnt;
'.1z',it
:
-dvid-iiiriirt_ susd
abiiitgiird a 1ga-tit-.i
gluid ttal, zaharuri9i amidon',in fun1id nsarulfiziologi
individual.
7.1 Gluidl _ surs majritari d nrgizilnii
Gluidei rprzirrttrpoirtitulinajritar al aiimntalii zilili, l fiind
f-oa r6spiniit in aiimnt. Aiimnti giuidi sunt ibart variat, fiind
rprzntatd ral 9i produs ralir,frut, lgum,lguminoas,produs
,uu,ou'" Ei d oftri,ntir,t. in prznts romand6a 55-60%din aloriil
zilni tr-lt!s ni.vili5 dirr Dslid.
^"-'-.
LrrgrAlL'
'.if^-ino
v lLtlllrirL'
a|manto
!rLIlr9rlt!
gcgl tr j p
L tg q
L !t e e
si
ltstrl,i
r1,.
t- ll
^r..+^.-..1+^L^i..1,,;
|'i1l,tJluIul
a . lU l ( , l u |
^-l+:^l
L(,IllU(,Zltll
^L;-:^^
Llllllllls
^
d
^-^i,.-^i^f,r\,\rJLlL,r
..ii*^-+^*^
4llrllLtrLalL
-i^;ir,,i+
rvLLLlrl
4) strrdi1i
niinutuit.-'ti;i ,jiritrlis.j
ntrir?n bzan.i(.',zi!'.trr
giuii(mno-9i iizaharid,amiin,iuioz1l)in grupijaiimntsltat.
gruiaiirnntstuiiat6t4-8 produsu i mai inait
7.2' Sita1idin f-rar
n n t i n I I 1r i e ! r r i r ! e f t ! e
Lvlllll!L
iirLr!
tv.q!.
A r , n i , t i - ! i n r r i i n e r j s r . s 1 rin i i r n i t i i i 5 r i
grupiaiimnt.
7.. Sitaliiin i]eargru iaiimntstuiiatat 4-8 priusu i mai inait
in limitl
ntinu+.
d mn- 9i dizaharid. Aranja1i-lin r.Jindsrs5ta
filri
d
* - aiimnt.
- - osruD
'"r7.4. Sltatidin fiargrupa d alimntstudiatAt4-8 proiusu i mai inait
in lilitl firigrpd
onlintrtl"arniln'anjati-lnrdin dsrstar
. - I l . ^ ^^ - " r -
al l{ItrIlt.
+L
a
i
1
7.5. Sitali iin ,'ecaregu d alimnt st'udiatit. 4-8 prdus u l rnai inalt
onlinut de lulz. ranjull-t. in ordin dsrstarein limitl fi6ri grup d
alimnt.
7.6. marati nlinr;tuld glrriltta!,]ono-9i dizaharide,amidn 9i luloz
in toat alimntlstulit'Nta1iprimi i 0 alirnntu i mai inait on{inutd
gluidttal.mono-;i dizehaic.midn;i Iulozi din toat alimntistudiat..
7.7.N"..sarui zilni d ira 50 g d zaharuri(mono 9i dizaharii)pntruo prsoana
u masa de 70 kg s vr onlin in urmtoarlantitatid alimnt :
...aramlstilas
...toti
...oa- oia
...!imnad
...vin d dsrt
...lapt
--l-:--
-..zaLtal
...mir
...struguri
L^-^*^
.. . Ul.llll
lv
...harbuz
...sfel r1*i
...movi
...naplitan
..'iolat5
"..ilre
n r l lr n- -- -
"'r^
...halva
...artfi
...pAind griu
...pAinintgrai
...pAind sar
...m6rnlig
,,.hai..li,
i.t-!,
aii.ili;i ti. l,ilunii 2- vaiant:
Alimte
i Total:
Masa. s I
otl, g
n-' di-
zhride.
8. INDIL GLIMI
$r SARINA GLIMICA
A ALININTLOR
Sl luririi:
- SurSd gluid;
Stdii vairiir iniiluiglimi a-i-limntior
u notiunad saring!imia a!imntlr;
Fami!iarizara
aliiirii unqtiniirdsprindii giimi in
Dzvoltaraa.iiit11ii
alirnnta{iaurnt;
Dezvoitarraapaitaliid a asoiadiirit sursigluiiin vira
orsnat.
rduiiindiiui liirrial alitrrrrtir
8.l. Indil gliemi_ ghid alittiv in algralimntlrgluidi
rpul unlan uLi|izaz\ gluidl sub fr.m6 d gluz. Gluza poat fi d
asmnatransformatin gliogn' un plizaharid similar amidonului, ar st
dozitatin fiat Ei muEhi qi rprzinto fom5 d rzrva giuozi qi o surs d
nrgi ugor iisponibii6.riui nsii giutl'ziaa singur sus5 d irrgiilr
r.nnr]itii.^rrrql.Din aast agz,niv!l gluzi in sing trbui nrnlinut
p*'*un..,t in lirnitlfizilogi l t,0 + ,2gl|. Cnntr1ianrma|'agluzi in
siing s num$tnormogliemi. Hipoglimia s caracterizeazl'prtn onntratii
al giuzi ma\ mii d 0,8 gil. Hipogiimia st inso1it6d snza[iad foam,
am{li' durri d ap. Conntraliil gluozi mai mari d I,2 gl| sr nums
hiprglimi" Hiprglimi s arateizeaz rin st aut, diurz5 sporit6.
(a}ir:n
Rglara rapid a flului d gluzi din sing Spr depozita.r-'
hipoglimiant) sa Spr s6ng (a!iun hiprg1imianta)pntru mnlinra
gluozei |a un nivl onstantstralizatprin intrmdiulhormonilor.
onntra1iei
D rlinut, 5 aliun hiprglimianti au mai mul1i hormoni (gluagonul',
adrnalina,somatostatina,adrnoortiotropina),dar aliun hipglimiant ar un
sirrgurhomon - insulina srtatd panras.Stril frvntd hiprglimi,
rzultatla onsumul frevnt al alimntlor,frun rgim struturatp ore in adrul
rnslrtradi1inal(djun,prin,hindi,in5).t ndul drglrimtabli
uti!izrii.cit !u!patfi d i.igina!imntari,
ifig.8.2).c!uz asib.il
sau poat ti disponiillizatl din rzrvl d giiogn.
a
r4i!:'gliqq!.!'g
rprzintrart.r-rl
dinrr{ig1itni1par.tiular.
!vlllLll
llvl
llrl!
:^--^--I--: J-.U!B.r.!!r5!!r.'tl,-lr
.-t-ClSLli.ri.i!
Lin'i.antitii hiv'lnt d giuid tin ditri
0,
.F
il
imp.(r{
Saglildin figur5 indi srtiad insulini produs6timp d 2-3 orc dup onsumul
unuialimntsluidi
lG:
und :
l00'
iG- iniiig1imi
Y _ aria suprailei sub urba giimi a aiimntuiui stuiiat
- aria supraf!isub urba glimi6 a gluozi
8.2.Fatrii ar in{lun{ziindilglimi
IG al unui aliment dpind d digstia gi absrblia gluidlor. Rspunsul glimi
dpindde vitez,ad digstiea alimntlorgiuiiiqi nu st asoiatau masa lor
mlu]r. Astfi, nu tat giuiii mpl^sunt zaharuri int. Dimpotriv6,
xist rorjus amiia u iG mai inait iit i al .monoza'naridlr.Divrs
propritali al alimentelor, difrit d masa molular6 a gluidlor onfinut,,
rUl it irim
i i ii n
i i ia
.
.
.
.
.
-|iomin
BiiUriiiiU.
tit fl q
i -ri ii nl .i rr rv u
v 9
nv tLnvrl i . S n u m e r e :
1..ll
jt
llr
r-':
Nap
issnt
/-\^--^^^--^
Idil
glimi,
IG
72
67
r<
Masa
r!ii' g
ontinutul
de gluid in
portie, g
60
Sarina
glimi5,
SG
0.7
|5 . 4
6L)
!50
-2
11
{nn
i3n\ ,ffq l !
i ..orrintini
l-
/.-
-1
i'atori <imriiu
./ Consm siv d lorii
{
Inativitat fizil
r'
Alimnt u indi
giiem!
g
i i m i ilt
ilt
/
Sts
Strs
|- /
\/
\! .t /
|
|
ffi
,-,
it
-\
lier glemi |
rl
Hiprinsulinemi
onntra!i
tltalta
ur
trigiiriti
plazmiie
nntra1i
Tnsiun
-^i.-^; i^
l u s u
0!sIr0l
sUI
lta
tLt_t L
48
Tr
8.
u
di
8.
ta
gl
tl
\r
T
It
Tm:
uni alimntatll
8.1.Studiali shma din fig.8.2. mntali onsin1lposibi^l
1i
inalt asupraapari1ii
u s d alrii qi aburrdntin prdusu indi glimi
difritordrglrimtaboli.
u l al gluzi cin
8.2.obsrvati inli1glimi al alirirtlorin trrpa-afi
in rapt'.u indil
tablul8.2. omparali valril indilui glimi al airnntlr
indi glimi rdus
glimi al gluozi qi intomi1iun tabigrupAnd alntl u
init (iG>70).
ifl
<ii.r
\ J J , r , -i*.iir.
giiml *o.i","i iic: s - i qi iniigiimi
tlt\lrww
\r-\J
u l al
Tablul 8.2. Indiel gliemi (lG) al unor alimnt in ompara{i
9r....-
_.-i
Alimnt
Cral
I{...l1.
J\l!-rrr
()
rgg-lr
Alimcnt
nr.z
riq
orz
I,egrrminasr
Fasolr albtrrrrnt
Bb
Fasl alb
Lint
11
-1
49
6t
19
54
.--l
as()lg
.--^^.:
us!]ala
I int
Soia
azdre vrd
I
t^-:-^
--^^^a:
NLarzatr usualta
48
79
1!
-)
|
a1
JJ
nLI
28
18
48
66
<!
) ^ ^* ^+:
Lt4SllloLl
76
89
Past finoas
Frut
re
ais usat
Banan
6
:l
53
'.
irs
Z.J
Gripfrut
25
44
55
51
Brun
Firbre rapid
n'.
l1una;iu arn
Qnctti
nnllinni
-^-.{oIlini rr 6nz
F.ida
'l'as
;,
4l
45
50
It
68
Sfrusrrri
* -- *D*^-
Kiwi
J\zl n lrn
n
^*,1^^1..
t tjt lL,ullg
paia
. .t(,l slt,t
r"dlts
' . _nifiii:
- i
Baton
(_]rissant
Cltit gratinat
in
l ltl
ol}.
atug
n
..
vu
f n rv ut v
tr
i.iii
^..
+.ir^
J'
ij iai"ii G i aZ
PAin d sar6
Baghtiianz
Piin ai'o5d griu
Piin intgral
Bisui1i sra-li
D.; l;.''i
l''l^i''-;.
r r 4Jr3r l' r!!r
l.
72
6',7
69
,41
45
, 1<
1J
57
on.SIvaiin su prtlprilt
prOaspt
nanits
Prui..
stafid
Sifid sutts
I:larbuz
'7J
i6
69
'77
1r\
J \-'
28
6
66
-/-+
o+
56
72
Produs iatat
[ ,ntr'
inteo!
igrsat
11
an
andiqpanu mr
itur u banan
Gfr
BarSnikrs
Bar wi
ilat6nagrir
ars
Dula!d 6pqun
r
Lv
++
+l
aomatizatu iolet
16
4I
ingh1ata
u ontinutrdusde grsimi
tu
4\)
8
51
Iut-taitiaii,aiu n[inut
rprlll da irni
Buturi
Su d mr
^.+^
r ru m
.
rtrv.
sta
Morov
artfi:
Fir!i
Noi
Prji1i in ai d grsim .
Cop1i ?n rl
Bostan
Prurnb dulc
64
49
8s
62
75
86
89
75
48
72
?a
36-80
50
O\ILA
Su d prtoal
Gustri
ipsui d porumb
Bastna;d p;t
Arhid
Ppom
isuri d artofi
zl
rparat duli
r . t : ^ - g^
]vl!l
4l
8
5
tz
J
t4
55
57
28
s8
20
100
57
105
65
Frutoz
GLuoz
Lactoz6
\ {^1a^-
lYldrL\rzd
7 qqz\
t!L'
Pii l}fi
_
_
!.i}\
r r-rr..l,,9'
Aiimnt
rez aio
l.mAnr
f loa (vrlnlctil,
Legumrdinas
l-__'
(ontinuartab.8.3
r28
)rzinstt,tti,at.
firt 6 min
Sar6boab
48
<q
\JIau DDdD
Mr.'z
ICrrtst,.ntatinstatrt
artfi
P6in.alb
Piin u babd sa
Plin din in d sar
Frnzirczia
Chiflau frut
G.Au
.t. ^
.] - i i
91
1
iis
Sflr;i
'
p I a l i ! l \irii\Lli,;
L itii
t o i i piJr'
llrrtllll
92
Lgtmtos
141
! -lrJ
T r ^ ^ ^ l^ ^ , l L
42
6
I intr. rsie
_25
60
119
Orl
ov
!
Fas-lstriti
91-.-
'.
Q')
7R
.-{1.t
2i
62
i Struguri
)f
I oaz
Prdus latat
nshtat
Lat int
7.r7r,rrtt'.i
Mir
Frutoz
grsirn rdus,
Yaurt,
aifi iali
indulitori
rut,
Giuiiiasimiiar
rapida
Fuigi d prumb
D6in
Gluid d asimilar
..^ ^ l
^.^+
{no^i
lanta
\JLtlrr-lrrrL9,
smi-rapid)
i3
ivirt',
vllrr
qlh
Psmti
Zahdr tos
Fulgi de o.zfirti
artfi
Banan
rz alb, difrit *z-riti
5l
tzo
\I
'ioo
99
86
85
Ri
79
56-83
Gluid d asimilar
int6
Nlazdre vrd
Spaght
Portal
Lint
Fasol al.
Lapt, hfir,
Pr, mr
i9,sttgui,gipfrut
'.n.f
nry
I
t ULLUZq
ntinuartab.8.4
74
64-66
66
^ ln
na
JU-+J
2-5i
^
JU
47.5
,2-6
29
intr.oripntru auiovaiuar
i. stirrdilglinri?
2. e fatori influn|az\,va|oara
indilui glimi al alimntlor?
3. C stsarinaglimi5?
a.Da"\ixmpllalimntu indigliemiinalt.
5. Dali xmpld alimntu indi glirirdus.
6. In onst6 abatrad la regul in cazLillaptlui ;i a produslorlatat privind
lasifiarafiziologic6 a alimntlorin azavalorilor indilui glimi?
7. Cum poat fi apliat onptul indilui glimi la gstinaraalimntar in
diabtul zaharat?
9- RLLrr, FIZIOLOI
!'qrCNll{LUt, LIPIDLOR. IN AI}NT,.
ASPC PRACTI, AL LiTIt,IZARii GRASiivIIL i
ALIMNTTI.
bitiv:
- onsolidaraungtin{lr
dsrrlui fiziolgial lipidlor;
. Studiraontinrrtuluid lipid in difritalirntsub asptantitativqi alitativ;
- Dzvoltaraa'oilitlilrti a aigativai;i irr atiiliirililatsl'li.sl
alimntard lipid in funli d spifiulfiziologi individual;
- Dzvoltarraaaita1iid a asoiadifritsursd lipid in vdraasigurriiunui
insumadvatiizi gra;i nsittuait.
JrrL
D, ompnnliibiii.
. Lipidistimuiazapofta<i
minar9i ontri'oi
ia sa1itat.
9.1.2.Aizii graqi
cizii gra;i sunt onstitunlimajori ai lipidior.i pot fi lasiraliin tri mari
strbgrttp:
- cizi grEi siurii (GS).
5
(22::4\
i Aidul (doozattrani)
(22::5\
l Aidul dzapntani
dooza*u."o
rzz-l
,'/t.tl
8:0
C10:0
12:0
Cl4:0
16:0
l8:0
C20:0
C16:l n-7
18:l n.9(is)
L l.5: l n. (rransl
1 8 : 2n - 6(is)
C l8 :3 n - 3(is)
20:3n-6
2:4n-6 (is)
20:5n- (is)
ajritatauliurilor vgtal
Boabld soia,uli de rapiti
Uliuri d pEt
Untur,grsimd pas6r
Uliuri d p9t,uli d nui,soia,rai1,
grmnid griu
Uliurid p9t'ulei d nui,soia,rapi1'
^ l
\JIgIL
laidi
Aizi graqi polinsaturali
Linoli
Alfa-linlni
inolni
Di homo-gama-l
Arahidni
ico zap entanoi (PA)
Ihf
/ ,
Doozahanoi(DHA)
.:---.:
--..^1^t^
1.:l
aidrriui gras, iar numrui iupi iou punt inii6 numrui totai i igituri iubi. Sim'oolui n- inii
pozi{iaprimei lgituri dubi in atnaar.boni.
otiittutul ttizilr grgi trgr's tn glimt. ,izii graEi alirrrntarirr lgturi dubl
slid b1inutindustril
iriis rvin ?n prinipa!din <luaSurSdifbrit:gr"sirni
prin hidrognara partia|d a uliurilor (margarin) qi acizi graqi nSatuali
transfbrmali sub aliune batriiir itr runrnui ;mgtoarior ibrrin, vin).
Aizii trs Soniin in urmtarlrgrupd alimnt:
- lapt.branzturiqi unt
-
ri6
55
t in difrit ti
Tiul izilr
l
i d aizi
Sursa aiimntari
4}t
\
..*.;li^
llltt.l!l1 Ulrtll.r.J,,.
\''^:
r\LlLl.
^^*i.+^
D\.lt1llltl
J,'
\r
-^^i+ .:
l(ri!d
li
''I^;'..:I^
rllUlLii iIi-
l^.
i\,l
/l.^-^+i
\t,UidLi
t.
lil
.^^^i.l
PLL.i(l.
in aid aifa-iinlni).
lzi sii.a.]l i'lsatu!.!
i
: Smi ni d !lrl-r.-sr!
ui. gmni d
griu, susan.nui, soia" prumb 9i uliuril llr. [Jnl margarin (a s vda
tiht).
56
(g/100g de produs)
Surs d grsimi
alirentr
,Iargarinstandard
Marsarini vstal5
Margarin u uli d
iloarea soariui
Unt
Unt u ntinutrdus
d sr.sinii
I
I
Uli d arahid
Uli d floara sarelui
Uli de mislin
Uli d rapit
Uli d soia
arn slab
(fiarti. d vitl)
Cn ras (r)
ou
AG
AG
AG
strrra!i mononesatura{i polinsatura!i
3 9 . . . s 6 28...s
4 3 . . . s 0 29...42
tt!
15...21
7" . . 1 4 u.f,
14...19 0.5
35...45
23.4
J...46
1()
J...{t'
< v..t
ll
0.8
2.9
19.0
12.0
15.0
8.0
15.0
at4
,.1
2a
ne
50.0
19.0
77.0
1.0
23"|J
lln
18...40
60...74 0.1 ...0 .3
4 . . . 1 0 <0.7
25...39 6 . . . 1 1
0.7
9.8
2.1
17.6
9.0
8.0
31.0
62.0
57...69 . . . t 0
0.2
0.6
13.0
3.8
0.9
9.5
0.1
2.6
1.04
0.75
1.2
.5
t.2
0.1
l.5
Alimnt
Continutul. s/l00 s
Uli d nui
Uli d rapi{i
Uli de grmeni d griu
t]li d sia
Ni
Urrtr d pqte
Gi.sim d s
Unt
fTIi
8...12
6...7
|
r| nlq
Uli d susn
argarin d fl ra-sarelui
Mrrin u ntinutrdus d li
57
oa
zA 2,
I
I
Aid
linolni
18:3
i5...19
48.3
Lant intsral
Casaval
Aid
linolei
t6zz
0.03
nt
0.025
0.05
0.4
Uli d rpii
Uli d arahid
Ulei d alun
Grsim de pasEr
LTleid mslin obfinut rin prsiun l r
ou integal
Unt
Grsi d fiat d ba
t{t
Colstrolul
Clstrolul, dup6 Struturahimi, st un alol poliili, o substan!
fizilogi ativ, prrursor a Llnui gir d al{i strli u funlii important in
orgaist, inlusiv acizi biliari, vitamina D, hmni suali (strgni,
androgni, progstron),hormoni ai glandi suprarnal.olstrlul intr in
omponnta lipoprotinlor, astfl ontribuind |a transportaralipidlor in
iruitul sanuin, intr in rnpnrntammbranlrlular' in spial ?n !sutul
nryos' asigurind turgsnfalullor. Z||ni in organism s sinttizazdc\rca I
g d olstrol, antitatadiminuindu-s in funli d onlinutul olstrolului
xogn in alirnntie nsumai. t.llstroluis nliir dai. iir proiusl d
origin animal sub form5 libr sau strifiat u un aid gras. atea'
g6lnnuquld ou qi produsl latat onlin antitali dstul d mari d lstrol.
Consumul mdiu zilni d olstrolstd 200-500mg. S romanddlirnitara
onsumuluid olstrolalimntarla 300 mg p zi.
Lipoprotinl onstau din difrit propor1iid olstrol,triglirid, fosfolipid
Ei protin,fiind numit rsptivin mod difrit:
- DL (din glz'High Dnsit Lipaproti _ |ipoprtin u dnsitatainalt)
- onlin relativ pulin olstrol, dat mai mult protin. Fralia HDL st
rruirrit?n mod omun ,'lstrl bun'', dar nu arr alitata d a s
dpunp plii vaslrsangvin;
- LI)L (din glzLow )nsitl,ipoprotin _ iipoprtinu <insitata
joas) on{in mult lstrl qi mai pulin protirr.Aast frali st numita
,.!striru''. Frgiii LDi, qi VLDI (L,ry,Lov, i)siry Lipoprotiniipprtin u insitatafa jsa) sunt rsponsabiid dpunrii p
priii rir, r dimirruezi !urnui ;i !-a,tori,az|aapai,1ia
ist rlatie auza-ttintr sul d ltrl..LDL
atlslrr.'zi.
qi VI-DL'' ;i maladiiiadi-vasulr.
.l.4.N.sarrri
ziini d iipiri
}..jsaui
ziini iiipitj stsiiiratla ira 1 gikg iriasrprailzi,sauia 30
''.5%iirraioiii ttltaial iisuirruluialiiniiial.ziliri"inlusiv
1-I1o/n
1aizi gra;i mononSaturali;
(9...l2 g d aid linii,sau3...4odin
19-acizi gra;i plinsaturali
"
onlintuinrgtiai ra1iiaiimntar qi i,5.'. g iaiiaifa-iinlni,sau
0,5...1%din nrgiaztlnic-u LlnraportAGPI{ (-6): AGPN (d)-3) uprins
4...|0 (prfrabll6).
?ntrin*"r
.
pin |a|a94 - aizi gragisaturefi.
Prinipaiii acizi graqi poiinsaturali sunt aidul arahidoni din familia d) -6 qi aizii
izapntani(P) 9i dzahxani (DF{A) din familia -3. Unii autri
romand6un onsum zilni d AGPN u atna lung din finilia a -6 (2: PA?n antitatd
idulizapntani,
22:D|1-aidul dzahani)
on
aJ...a,2 din ontinutuinrgtiai rfii zilili.
antitata rmndatd aizi
nr
in
ni,
m
in
ul
i
t1
^ ^:i
^U lu
^ii^
i:.^^i^.^:^
al l a-llllutl-llu
O
1 ) 'o4 /\ 2 1
v)r
...unt {6r6ns
...uli d flarasoarlui
...margarin
...maionz
... arnd pr gras
qrl1l
rl
nlri
rz if
...
...
nt
v\lLv
11
...nlVa
, e
.'.brinzd olanda
frrninrnrrr
hr l v! n
,
..^.-,--L:^
sul tilliUIg
l^
tl
A+l^.^+1.. ^-^^;.
.ll-Idtlttl
td5d
...
l-llll
rr
" . . u i
... tlat d por
...rabi
'". fiat d batog
i . - - l . . r ^ :. ^ ^
t .^i'i
u ioiat
... rrrBslara prurrl
\^*
IJ4|'
,.^:-:
?.
||| rL!Z!
-.^^:
I 4>!
*^^^.^.^+''.^tir)
tlluilutls4lu!4Lj.
.o.
AG
i Aid li- Aitl
lirrii
lni
Nli
]
i rt.
^-l
l
ltlu.
in
salt, (iit'
tit
fript,
18:2
''
LLELW
Llli d arahid
0,1
0,1
21,10
67,09
51,9
2l,l
20'
12,5
12,8
59,40
17,9
9,',I
0,9
1,0
,2
58,50
11,80
s$'10
27'3
44,2
31,6
12,9
42,8
18,1
019
2,60
30,4
66,1
Uli d prumb
Nlrgrini d ms
Nlergrin ulei d
flara sarlui
Unt
*(
.)n
E.l
I 'J
15,2
0'7
a{l
<t-7
Uli d flara
sareli
Ulei d ni
6,80
77,4
Uli de mf,slin
Ur^: l^.^_:4
i rltl tr ! al'lrd
1,r
To inalti
"(bai de
grsim)
+
+
+
*(+)
+.
*(+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Lipide
(g/100g d arn
firi grsim)
t{
a\.,:-^
tt
t"orln
Ipur
|
1n0
2305
31,2
A i i . r r" -i e n l l i
l--^
I ^tt
L1-4
"^-^'-
1l
l^.,ia
r-' Y !!ts
ii d an ma
,1
t ir
tq
to
1t
trJ
614
2rl
ta tt tl I
Can d por
cavai,mziuri
\ - ^l l l l-g ^ ^ Ll ^
I-aD+"e
intsral
Albus d ou
produranzirnlr;
a
sursd aminoacizi necesariin sintezaunor hormoni (insuiina, giuagonui,
hrmnii tiroidini,hrmnul adrnrtiotrpi,smattrpina- hrmon al
rqtrii9i hrmnul antidiurti-vazprsina);
intezaantirpilr_ imunglbulinl' ar prtejaz5rganisrnuld invaziil
miro'oin'viral;
transprtaradi fritor substan!in sing (hrnoglbina,transflrina,
lipoprotinl);
ti&i}SlTiitra
smnirrditar;
. mnlinrahilibruluihidroltrliti5i a-ido-bazi;
a
SfS d nrgi.
protinl
asiguri
doar
trrtata rrsar
Iziiii
I
!
rr^r:-^
Y illtlta
Antisti.s
trri
GIiosni
Antistrs
Ctosni
Antists
Giigni
Fnillanin
(almzi
rl rr rri
l-l
Antideresiv
- Srtrsl nr.gimsulardirti ;
- Surs d nrgi iusulai",nabliznt 1
. ivita.niizt<iarpe ia giuiriior ;
- siiiii stiniiiiz rdiir hi.i.uluirqtrii ;
. Suolimnt
imnt trauti in maladiil hnati.
- rursr ai tirozini qi teolaminir{tiramini'
dpamin, inrfini' noreineriin) _ nurotransmi1itri
r sisttrnsmitre imlsurilr nerv's;
- Cstitent -lnur.tid!rerlrra!: srntsttin.
i Lrl.nronuintidiuti. holistkinina t.
62
ontlnr tab
Triptfanul
Smifr
Antidprsiv
Anaigzi
Trnin
Imnstirnulnt
tionin
Antilrgi
Lizina
Prtti
imunitai
Aginina
Antilstrl
Histidin
Antirtriti
_.llgy* ni ry:1_{.tg!qi.
al adul1ilor.
itr
r r r ani
Arrrrrruill7l
rL
Tblu_l l0.2" N-sarul zilni
Aminoaizii
indispnsabili
lsnta
ta al adultilor
Prtina de ou ] \...*^'...l
z.il.i.
mg aminoid / pntru adul{iomg
nriini
Histidina
Izo1uin
Luin
tal atnirriziu sulf
(mtionin6si istin)
22
ll
54
86
1a\
t,
I9
Lizind
ronin
Triptofan
Valin
Total aminoaizi
indispnsaL'ili(16
histidin)
70
T6
r3
tt7
JI
9
5
l3
111
47
t7
66
49
C.-.!
;;.i6l(i
n.n!nn..nto=i
Li'iil1'i.iii!irLi'z-q
D
vni i fL ri gl l
i
.'"-r!i.rr.a
qiii!iivifi
r-q|itotc,
lqjiLgiv
nrtoi
ijivi!ilq
l. lj irrt! .i o i
rai* isuminoas
64
YA
tr
h
in
la
d
r
pr
t
li
onlinutul
nnntoin
lULLllJ'/v
rel
Piulnb
orz alb
Fin d griu
i
9,4
7,1
l0,
11 , 0
Lguminoase
Fasol
az6re
Arahid
2,6
2,5
25,8
_I,r,ump
- . . . . -*
R;ii
Bostan
i ri..ioi
| .1l
Lr
(1nnin
Ul
LU
.ir,l^o
uqtL!
r.l
c.9
I'/
A,{)
11
Indilaminoaiduluilimitant
Indil
11,-:__ ^l
| |'/ |I| |
/^
49 (Ls)
62 (Ls)
38 (Lys)
(Lys)
59 (et+Cist)
64 (t+Cist)
62 (Ls)' 67 (t+ist)
1 (}'4t+Cist),
56 (Lu)
.'.\/,.l...\
/u\rrlr/
42 {'*L+ist),
77iI s'i,58(i .u)
70 {It'4t+ist),
91 (t u)
49
62
38
118
tt7
62
6'
(r<
2J
11
105
Indil
himi, 04
UPN
La pii
1nA
a1
10c
67
o7 a
6
6
49
49
53
UPN
la sobolani
94
(a.
)/
59
52
48
10.4.Nsarulzilni d prtine
organizlui ar nr,oi ntin d arninaciztpntru a sinttiz-in fi-rstlnd
ira 2,5 milioan d globul roqii, pntru rnovara la fiar circa 4 z1le a
ntroitlor(lull muoasi intstinal)qi la fiar 8...10 z1|e_ a majrit1ii
luoitlor, pntru sintza nzimlor nsare digstii, hormnilor, fatorilor d
protli q.a. Doar sintza protet st ontinu, ar lo in mod ontinuu,
nintrrupt, aprtul aminoaciztlor trbui s fi sufiint in antitat 9i alitat,
asigurAndu-sprzn|azi|nicl a aminoaizl|or snliali in alimntlonsumat.
Ncsral zilnic d protein pntru un dult este stimt l:
0'8 g/kg msd corp/zi.
in caz i fbrnsauirti i.qtpi.oporliiralnrgii sulimntarnSar
(S,) aiulat irfbirrfrinuli 8 .jin pagtna24:
0.8gxM(kg)S1
F.unfiilsi nsarrrlzilni a1arninoaizilorsenlialisuntprzntatin tabll10.1
-i
o
;
Dl
tv.4.
'
m
i0.i. u ajr'rtrr-ri
tati-Lrlrii
inizigiiiiii a produslr alimntar aituit
ariirir |ri'oazaairiivzi lulara 4) studia}i;i mparaiinlinutulprtinlr
i guid aliirltrtsiiat.
|.2.Sitalidin t:rar
grup5-iaiimntstlrdiatit 4-8 prdusr u i mai inait
nlinut iprtin.Aranja!i-i in din isrsata
?ii iiirriti fii atg.rii
iaiirnnt.
produsla]imntaru un ntinut d
ltl.. Sltali din toat alimntlstr-rdia-t
potinmai mar ,je iol,o.
Si.i!i-iin i..jiirdsrstoar.
i 0.4. Jresarui
ziinic mdiu pntruun aiuitstd ira 50 g iprotin.
50 gram d prtin S Vor ontin in urmtarllantitatid alimnt:
66
....gd piin
...'gd afllrudd.;it
....gd mmiig
....gd ard fiartl d vit
....gc tri d a'ldz
...,gd am fiartd pasr
....gd artofi fi(i
....gd fiat d vit
o rtlqzlr
.rrrl
....gd u
]
,^
.'^-l^^+
...A us v9I\lr!ld ptnjl.
..'.lid iapt
..'.s d brinzad.',ai
....gd a;aval u pasttar
l0.5.Calula{insarulzilni prsonald protinin funli d masa orpuiui.
....<
iInU6 . U . N
i \' lu' ririiitiii i
x.!r.
tjlclusl ailmnta
pIrtatr
lrtq4glv
li
Y v
''
i11..1f;i1e ci
Y.
.^irtitti l
L-
I Cral
lggq
-------I
I
Stbtotl orotin di
TtaI rtin :
-?' R
" O
Surs de I Arinaidul
nrotin l limitant
UPN
PR
11
lrL-
Dr
VB
r00
oa a
a
'9
97
77
90
,i
97
82
Laptqi i Aminoaiziu
produs i sulff(mtionina+ (8s-es)(2'8-,2) (i-82) (9-98) (80-8s)
Ou
latate
| istina)
IUU
1,7
50
(30-ss)( l , l - 2 , 3 )
55
(40.6s)
(griu,vis, rez,srg)
Lizina*,
triptofan**
Smint Mtinin*,
o1aginoa tronin6**(sia),
lizina*isusn,
6R
80
(40-60)| (1,8-2,2)(s0-60){7e-84,\{62-70)
| i qL t t
{l
JV
Jv
flara soarlui)o
lizina*
mtionin6**(bumb,a
Lguminoas
Aminoaizi cu
sulf (mtionina*
istina)*'
triptofan+*(mzr
| 45
1,6
i 83
60
trR - nrntein eficienv rlin /er\ I)r - diestiilitte VR_ Vlr ilpi nrtinlr
. ! . . ^ v
^t,^*i'at;i
L^rri!r4tq
i
lrl
nlnar
rvl\llt!
^.;*
Prllr
\ v . . l i / .
,'-^+.'l
.vllll
- . -
_ .
r.atinrrt
l!llllg(
hAhlnl
yLrrr,ru
68
^rA!tAtA
ll!'r!!!
qrt
oqu
!n !r r !r lr rf iLn o r o
- - - - - O
in
' '
nznflrl
qh.rrit
'I.alrllul
zilnii a[ vitminlr
1l.1. ]Fllullfiziklgir
9i n:s:ar.rrl
\' iziu'lirsr"rl
ai,
prot1iatsrrturi
lr itlil,
prot{i.
l.nlbanar;i.
irltrrlinnsint,zaD()l,i
:'
intIanr
lll(lLdtilgl
rot{]tli
tU[LlllJ
Dgliular9i
Lltan;itt aztll
-,.orbul
a'ritanlirrozi
g;i1inilr',
i
ll
I
,,\
Prvitn.rirra
l\.. | rus.ral ,vitarnirri
l ,^,ntitrxi,lnt
'l}-artttul
'
Iilol.
nlirahitiit
gi
(la
] stlrnalai
] osaiiaa aliului rsif'orului.
l ht rllt,irrhitit
rjulti). rrstopzd
_-|-;r.:r.it...iaiorivita'; iiai
l ir*,"i ,"iti*
(pritrdistrugra
u.tfl,
nrmbrzl.lor
|ulr"
i
|
1q9i'.
ro$ii),
tistrili | rtelia
$l1r19|61
I gl|bul1or
firtilitat-a.l sindlrrrneuro| arsa fvri;lz
l
l dsnrtiv
tt
-l*.*
t_
Vi tan<',*
i'G.i
___-__t
Dfiinld in
filohinn'tr,
filohinn,tr,
a intvirrin ] agularasangvin
a
rotr,crnbini,
| rotr,cnrbini,
gular(:a
gular(:a
ntihmr>ragiii'
ntihmr>ragiii'
si}!]8\,i
si}!]8\,ini
|
-l
__1__
Nt
S orr$inlarin surs
d igin animal5.
]nstb'illa atiuna
l-ignului'raze|or
ultavilt"lumini i.
Morvi' ais,
dovla' pprn
galbn,spana'
ptrunjl,lapt,
unt, brflnzh
l,
.fr.,i,ir.,rll.si
- -l;,*lliii,
i=tisnaop
Van:.lj.,
Surs
]atotrl
I
--,1
-L
zilni
L;ltlarg
. 0,6. .0,8mg I lrasimd fi,td
poat.'p'ou
.u,i
(opii);
artruluiumulativ l
I batg,ou6,
- 1.0rngntru I Lrnt,smantin,
vitamineiA.
gras.
Smn: hiprtnsiun
adul1i,
l brAnztui
096 l ]jat
intrraian,fal,vorn' tn[us,iv
(-540g)sub
dgl6inurologi'
frmd
Au fost dsris unori
mal frrra{iiftale prin
supaonsumd vitamina
la inerrtulsarinii
-_ -__f __
N;-.'."'
alifiavaslorsangvin.. 5 . l 0 t g
(200-400
ur)*
mu;hiuluiardia,
gi
rinihil'r'
alto{suturi
organ;
drslri rnal u
ipralmi
Nu stdsris
,ilr
t]ntinut
rdus
;rlimnt
3 - 30 mglzi
Uiiuri vegtal
l.grmnid griu.
r;cia.porumb.
lin::;aturat liv)
nsarulrqt
:u50.)il
[,a nsulnul
gisimilor
Formaratrombozlor
ll
rD
vgtal
rodus
(spana,
salat,
uzii,r9ii,
mazdre,varzh,
zmurd,nui),
fat,ou
"t'ti;a.a Dle
din lstrlsub
a{i.lnaraze1or
ultirvill.t.
Rzistnti la tratamnt
trmisi thnolosi.
lnstabila l a{ir.ea
azlrrultraviolte9i a
xigtrlui.
Sinttiz'at'
d batrii
lnului.
Instabi16la a{iunea
lurniniigi a rndiului
ala1in
\'itarni.ehidlrsioIubiI
Vitaminll'
''ti*l'.ni
i;*l1'..lr"?i:[
'airlasirrrbi:, trar-rs1rrtul
inilr ll t $i
rsntia]in sirrtza
antisrlrutir ltr'oniltrr,
.cilrnitinii fiiat.
.lagnuli,
biosintza,at:o[anrirr:lr,
intra;iona:z;i
irdiali i liL'ri,
jai urrrl ilplrt'nt
in utiil
1'np3|6lgli
btrin:
r9t:
;i
tobilitataglrlbrrlIr
alb'qi 1
prot.jzr
rn,]lbranld
r;:;it
dtrioral;lidativii.
sint;:ainl.fbrullli'
r;t
absolbtiafirului.
-tianina
;"iii,i].;d';
jior
l mprta.ti.nsidrtli
[irir,t
n l t a l . l o I i s r nul t|r i t i l ;r; ia
Rzisltn|rdusla
inf,:1ii,
anmi,
bosal,sta
insufiint a gingii lor
(!sutuluiorrjuntiv);
In az:uIavitaminozi
..tobltt.
i;'ifitlt'" ..o.o
si adia
80 mg/zi
Nu st rlsris
0..3- 1.5mg/zi
\..1
aiziior ga;i;
F'atlrlr$trr;
.NJsar
iln1rfun:til-t;lrl:a
lul.Ir:
vitE]
(Pt'),
rblnlhpatiqi
n;uro]og;i;
anmi
ft trtogrnla
fmil insinat;
l,ziuniutan,al
muoas:i,
Simptoroular
Ragiid:or;idodurt
til
Pilagra:drmit
'rganismr"rI
u i' inrJi spllsail
Drgl6ri digestive
niotinarrrid
ir, rr'a!iiIl
d po|u
a .:.l'ii (dir,gastr:iti),
antipllagrir;
d:rglri
psihie
Nu stdsris
1 , , 4- 1 . 8m g / z i
(orr1;inua:
tab' l l .1)
(;itri'
F.rr-rl,
tn'i,'ittuCIi* i .-.
ottiiz6',m69'
prlungit,tmpral,uri
tin),lgum
?na]t,la a];iuna
(va'rz6,ardi dul,
oigrlului.
artofi. r9ii, ap6
lnstabilL
in prznla
vr'd,praz, p6trunjl asorb'atxi'cazi
$i
vrd,mrar)
pl ifi::nl'id
azei, a
mta]:lr
g.l, in mdiul
alaljin.
Drjdii d br.
ralintgral
(grirL,orz),
lg,uminras,
pin'
sia. pqt,orr;,
subprdr-rs
(fiat^
inihi),ou6.lapt
fiat,inimii
Pid.riin tratarnrnt
diurtii,Onsumsi.v
d r;.i,
[rro[,pl1trud
I n s t a b i Iiini m d i u ia l a I i n
ii,it:ilu.aiu t ti,'
sub a{iunarazlr
u ltrar,io[t
Nu stdsris
15 - 20 lglzi
Nsarsurtin
tilnrulsainiiqi
alptrii
T.rA
d orz l;i
grliu, drjdii d br.
at, pr;t,fi:at,
glbrnur;
d ou"
lguminoas.hriga.
Pi"ii,ri.i.tnt
diu:ti.,
rnsumsiv
d eai, alol, pegtrud
Sint:tizatd batrjiil
olnli.
Stab.ili la ar{iuna
9i a >ti;nuluri
VitanrinB5
.Aidul
pntotlni:
Nu ,stdsris
.VitlrBii
irido:<irra
Vitmlna B{l
(H), biotina
ntstinal
|,utuiror Datortallolului,
lntrr.in.j.nrrtaboii:irnuLl
a]-n
ina;iZ'ilor,
s int;zit
i;rllo
tra,tamtului
n u I i (i ; \ D N . R } { . l
tulrulozei,sarinii
dup ntrapli
tablt
*_ ind,lul
s* a; b'ii tk;i;;.;
Votn, nvulsii,
iipidlr9i d prblmt:utan
sintziglLridlr,
arnitltlar;i;i:i l
Jiminara uor arnitlo:lr;i.i:i
}iminar
tl
__1_
_ ____
Vitirntina
Vitirntina
Bt),
Bt),
d
d
aidul f'li,
olLtna
olLtna
--:--.. ----
t_ ___
rnutltiliar| ntmi
ntmi
ljatr r1tr
r9trqirnurlti1'lir
| ljatr
l lsiritz:a
u
arti:ipii
i .lular,
] nrtgaloblastii
p o t i n l l
:.r t limftarrl,
i m n l r
asup
t sup|
anmalii
nmlin
nurlogi
i urlgi
I potinlr,
ql tr sistnrr.rlui
nrvols datrrat
dat')ratintraliunilor
intraliunilo
j lht'l,
Il
l
l mdl.arrlnloas
Nu stdsris
Nu st tlsris
Par1rspindit:ouii.
rn,lat,pegt
Fiat d vitl.t.
fiina d griu.
porulnb,p$t,rui.
lapt
: os ,lrg,il
Drrljdii l br,
ioolat6,u6,
iupri,
orrpidii,
fEinii
lsl,trazr,
Nu st <lsis
(antianroase)
l
]
_ _ _ _ _ _ t L_.
_____
P::ros) glltluil'r
ntiarl'ii(sintza
Vitilmlna
V
il'ntllri't^i;-.t
N.'.*,p"ti. .u
Nu stdscris
| .ntianmi
I Nupati
"
Bl:l'
roqii)'rl in inrtlnitatr
afi:1iuni
dgnrativ
!
ianolralatni
l
na.it
antralr.tiri. I
4 . ^ . im g l z i
N:.sa
rsuIin
timpul sarinitqi
alll1,rii
0.2 -,4tglzi
N:sar:;poit'
pntrul'milt:
insirinat
Lgum(spana'
sparang\l,andiv.
varz' rartoti),soia,
stridii.
nu:i,ral,
subpodus
2 - 5 mcglzi
Fial.an,p:;t
.obsali
l al nrvilor.
.__-1-
ontinuar
tab.11.n)
SinttizLt
d:batriil
lnlui.
tnstabilin mdiulaid gi
aialin.
inl7"t .,ut"."
lnurllLi.
Instabll'la agiuna
lulnirlii' priirii afi.rmirii.
onsumulu6lorrd
povoa.o
anttr
in
biotinii.
Sintl,izatd batiil
olonultri.
tnstabrlin mtdiullalin
S. *;*'*dA.*".:.
u.
oliu 2.3 luni inaintd
sariIiii;;iin primul
trimstrnIruer.itara
spi bi'|id (dct l
tullui nurl|,)
la r:ii.
Insta}oil
la lurnin
n atrl!ia vgtali:nilor:
nu s on1,int
ih surs
vgrtal,sillttizat1
batiil llnului.
Instabil
la lumin6.
B1
n?{
o 15
<,'
B6
]r|A.|/\).
I
1"v'Jv1v'v
0,015
tt
t^
0,08
|
ll
aiimntar,o partimprtnt5
In pfida sr;lui9i asibilitaliiprodrrs1or
a populalii s caracterizeazl pttn st6ri d subarn!5 sau d dfiin!6, ar
tnnlun-nsiituir ttoid i.is PYlltni .jzvoltarauno atlgii. D mpiu',
insufiin1ain aiiui_foiiuta intini a faror iris pntru.maiadiiiar<iiovasular qi poat fi rsponsabil d malfrna1ii ngital- (spina-bifida).
obsrvali in tablul l l.3 onlinutul in vitamina B9 a difritr alimnt. Rolul
anii'i.jnt ! tlt. r,itirriir (vitailiiiil , '
I UUU
-^^ -\
r llrg r
Vitrnin l
75 rro (O ()75 m
Vitamina
Vitamina B6
Vitamina PP
Vitamina B9
Vitamina C
40m
5m
i{
ffi
600
*(ap* zi.i in
1 0 0 0m
0,5m
lrrs! prtrrl-!inrnt.r-)
!J
I La ldr
+
+
Carotni
L lmin
ln
przn{a
igrrtrlrri
++
++
--
al
-.j--t-i
+++
B]
z
+++
PP
-t
++
--_r
U
++ - instabilitat,
Not: 0 - stabilitatla atiunafatrului dat;
+++- instabilitatantuati.
+ - instabilitatmodratd.
Tm
l l.1. Cmparali onlinutul d vitarnina in frutld larg onsum (mr, lm6i,
struguri, coac6z6 neagr,,coacLzd roqi' portoal, banan, prun' miq, gutui,
6tin,soru;).Aranjali frutlin rdin rstoara onlintrtuluid vitamina C'
l l.2. Comparafi onlinutul d vitamina C in lgumlqi vriluriied larg onsum
(artofi' arz6 alb, apusat,apvrd, lnorov' sfia roqi,tomat,ptrunji
vrd, m6rar, s.a.). Aranjati lgumi si vrdturil in ordin rstar a
r . n r , r fi n l l f l l l r l i r l r z i t r n i n q
^. )^ ^^^^2-
... g.]
oaaza-r$i
... g d coadzianagr
... g d ardi dul r;u
.- ) ^ ^"--1^: i..l
^^ -,^-l^
...g d m59usat
'.. g o mr
... g i portoal
...g d lm6i
... . arzda|d
...g d arz"d Bruxlls
...g iptrunj1
vrd
...g d artofi
. *
J* .-.^.rr.^.ni..]i
'..
...
...
-,.|^
S ul-
',^*o
valrz,(I
.^.i.
rLr,lllv
...g d tmat
...
- J^ ^^^.
E. ..: L s.t!J.!
"n
o.oo^;
g
vLg
.l'/
,^-l^
5! Lrg
lrnf6
...g d mrar
14
JvL
Produsul alimntar
i Gramaj,
tt v_
Continutul
r ^ ll Untn, ^ ^ - ^ , i , , ^
Ill
A ruuuJ
Total vitamin
l 1.8' Folosind tabllmpozi1ieihimi al alimntlorqi datl din tab. l 1.5
fali o anal.iz6a onlinutuluivitaminlorB|,B2 qi B3 (P) ?n urm6toar1
alimnt:
am d por, arn d vit' arn d pasr',lguminoas (faso|e, maz6r, nut,
soia), frut olaginas (smin! d floara-soarlui,migdal), lcat,rinihi, lapt,
brAnzturi,prduse latat frmntat,pqt,u, iupri, pAin d sar6,p6in d
griu, rup (hriq,orez) met, ovdz), artfi.
1l.9. Slta{idin alimntlstudiatin p. l1.8 priml 5-6 prdus alimntaru
l mai inalt onfinut,rsptivd vitamina B|,B2 qi B3. Prin sunt important
prrtrurgailistrtvitalrirl
B1, B2 ;i B3?
ll l .-ll U1. ^ l-.^-^-^.'
t U u t l g t r itva guli rintatla i.dui.a
irdrilrd vitaminB i , 82 ;i
83 in prosul thnolgi d prarara buatlor,iu6niin nsiira{ista.biiitata
aStorvitamin la atiunadifritor atri.
1i.i i" Fisindt.bii
mpzi1ieihimifali a ana|'izdanlinutuiuir,itnini
A in urmd'toarl
aiirnnt:iapt 9i produsitat(unt,smantin,aqavai),fiat i
'",it.ilt d pl..fiat d psr"fiati 511lg,
u'
ii.j2
l j.i. Sita"1i
it 5- prodr_ts
a.iinrntar
r-ti
;i sri1iirr rin osrstar
rnai inait niinui ivitamina lr 9i iB-ai,n.
i i.i4. Propunli itva rguii rintat-
ia iurapiririiri vitanrin li i].
artn in prosi-tlthnlgi d prp.r.r
a. bl.ltlo,lr.r6.nd
in nsilrti
stabii itataasioi.v itaiirii l l a tiuiia,jifi.itr.
faioi.
l.
2.
.
4'
5.
6.
C sunt vitaminl?
ar sunt i mai dfiitarvitamin ?n alimntaliamdrn1..)
Prin s pli dfiinlavitaminlorin alimntaliaactuair'?
Car vitamn pt prezentatoiitat fiind nsumatin xs ?
?trxs.i
ar sunt ftlttliai vitarriirlo
ar ftrithnologii9i ai mdiului ambiantinflun{az6contirrutulvitaminIr
in alimnt?
7. ar striui sifi ai firivitamin?
8. Car vitamin a prpit5li antiidant? Prin st irnpr1antftr-ll
antioidantal vitaminlor?
9. ntru ar atgoria populalii ifiiIltvitamilri B9 pzirrturr fatr.d
ris ?
1O.Carvitamin sunt antiantni? in ar alimnts ontin?
Tablui 11.5 Srs iimntr ti vitrni
Surs alimntar d rtinl
(vitmi A}
Uii i fiat i batg
gl l00 g
25c0
r 1500
it d mii. ffatattmi
Fiat, alt animal' tratattermi
9s0
"na
Gilbnu; d ou
600
570
aviar
-s60
n. onsrval
70
Pamsan
..,],rR"q*o.t
JUUUU
-t+J
310
*
.7U
\Iqr14
tc1a
rtl6
.'r.,
a.,^.iI." irut
Smdntina
76
i;
( lntinuartabj i.5)
m/ 100g
s6.0
Uli d tjoarasarlui
rov rs,ud
j Mrv, iatattnti
1.' tl
i0,0
24,0
Uli d prumb
Ptrun.jl.rrd
Migdal
4620
ais usat
Grmni d grAu
.m
ltlota'"".s*'.
Brooli. tratattrmi
/U(,
Mango
||v
rrl,:
U ll
a i s ep r t l s p t
I JUU
lvl i1tUll.1-d
Adi dul.rud
ll00
i 000
800
750
R;ii, ud
A^
vvv
600
-l
5-
Frunz d salat6.rud
Sos roqii
nigoniin ott
Kt-h
Prutr usat
*-
-!^ ^:-l-:l^
Llg
al all lU
t1^
15,0-15.0
12'
10.0
| . J | di a p i { a
Uni d sia
Llli d mrslin
argarin
^..i;6
nt r'lu!
R{
^fi;tA
J ttv
P,
6.1
artofi. ipsuri
Uii ipgt
S u r s a l i m n t r d t i a m i n
vitmin Bl
Droidii alimntar
Porin, arn slab,rajita
Drljdii d panifiagi
3909
I000
566
\JI!tlIIl ug g1au
1^
dc nrr
t__*-=--__=--
,] ivl; *i'tsll
-
' '^/l.r
j s o i ; i . r a i a i ai m i
l----
I --...-..
l inrri nr nll1
'
7'7
+-
l
--i
i
i
| .:1_".:::
1-,t'1^
U\J
i
I
rud
| trunji.
00 o
lrg
'iii\
Lvv
l70
168
, ;,,: * 1]
i ') 'i j-
i46
r
i
i 4U
ontinuartalrl l.5
mg/ lCO g
4,40
Fit' trtatteni
l?o
atasibi!i
Rinihi, tratatitrmi
2,10
Djdii d panifia{i
1,90
Drojdii d anifia1i
Past d aahid
t,ou
A *-L;
l^
^I at l tu
L-tintgral,raf
Patu d fiat d or
i.20
0,80
0.7
0"70
isdal
isd
Grmni d griu
mg/100g
40,0
28.)
16,0
t5 n
8,5
Musli
ammbrt45%|vlc
0.1a
rpur'ragu
sJr
0,60
o.60
7,8
'7,0
Brinzi a]bst,brte
0,50
0.41
0,45
Somon afumat
inihi, hata{itrmi
Marou'
Mus1i
7,0
6,7
o,)
erino
65
Cam d ra!,fritura
Glbnuqd u
Ot 1a .rtr
vlt|' ostlt
f.lrlnt
6,4
Carn d pasr
Grmnid griu
riri poin,ruzi
usli
Drojdii d panifiagi
Car1fi' ipsuri
Smon
dpdi,praspit
Nui
B.ln. p."'"'pt d
Fiat' trat-..t.mi.
"i-
mg/100g
4,20
3,00
2,80
1,60
0'9
0.89
0,85
0,80
0',7
0,66
0.6,5
Surs alimntar d
inobalamin
( v i t m i n B 1 2 )
Fiat, tratat tmi
61,0
Rinihi bovin5.trataltmi
?50
19,0
4,4
Ipur.ragu
)o
arouprijil
Ciri,tratattrmi
^------,-
PatU dr ttt d r
glr00g
l!
ll
0,9
0,0
8,0
_
-),u
".'a.ou;jit
|
I
!
lfftA
rJtrr.r
1t.fq
i
.f'tda
-l
.s
] .s
I
I
t
(
r
:
l.
78
|, . '.
12.i, Clsifira imntlorminrai
F!mntglminralrprzint6nstitrrn!i
liigatorii,iniispnsa.oi]i
ui uiin,.ntalii'
16 valoarnrgti6.l intr6in ompttnladifritornzim,hmoni,
indplinsqi alt
{suturial organismului,par1iipla rglaraprsitrniiosmoti,
'+2.1,
tungiiimpantspififiriimntminrai.?n tabile
|2.2 sL
prezentat6informaliadsprrolul fiziolgi spifi' nsarulzilni $i produsl
alimntarin ar s on{inlmntlminralsnlial.
Priniall2 prinipii d lasifiara lmntlrminralsunturmtari:
o Itl futtc|ie d cnlinutul tn orgnisn ;i, rspctiv, csrutrzilni s
dosbsc:.
- Marolmnt:Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cl.
- oligolmnt:F' Cr, Co, Cu, I' n, o, S, Si, V, Zn.
^
!llL!llLLq
UJvlUiLc
iiiiiiLj.iiijji
iii
iii.!Jiiii
I Prprit{i tlilgi
Imln4rql
t"""*'-'*
II
I
|
sfor
Y
Caliu
C
I
liulrri dirr rrrunonlaJvei*iului
;i din$lr, n]ponentl ATP,
onstituntal aiziior nuiii.
fsliidlor,mnlin hilibrul
aido-bazi
Cmponnt al osfatuluiali amrf
gi ai hidroiapatitiristaiizatar
asigur rigiditataqi sliditata
shltuluigi duritatadinlilor.
Io/^ A
intrllin
Manifstiri d
i Norm
rt
i !.et!rii.!l.j
oigin alimntar
I ut" p"nt.u
I adultil24h
8001;
N".i't
var^r., qi
g5ig.
4 0 0 . .1. 0 0 0
mglzi
ostoporoz5,
ostomaiai.
Rahitism
Cramp musular
Lapt, brizturi,
minrai,migial
usat.aviar. salati
vrd, pitrunjl, fasol
|c
en
l rqcti
riq
ll
Ptsiu
K
ivigilziu
-: -.-l^-^^
)l ltrgldId
^^-.:-,.t.1..:
LUlll||lu1ulul
Dzhilibru al
intra- gi
xtra|ular
Slibiiutl
musular,apati,
mterism
aritmii
atdominai,
-.-
-.;
.
' 4Ai
a
A I j-i.a
l^^ ^,.+: ... l----^^1.,1.,*
l
;-tu4
Latioil
auri
lir
dlsrurflr.
c r t i i t i ,q' ri ' r*t","i - s ' l i cn
rtiinh
a'-'_ -'r-'
,'^.i',-.
^!^*,-*+
lglllgllt
U i*--*^.,i+^l*i ! i+^+^
I llp9lu^ltoutrtLqt!
nLlromL!sll !i!ra.
i" r" n_ "t _t n- -c l- r- r- t 'i e
afliuniardio.
vsuiar.anmiii
grvidimatrn
i ltai,arp
musuiar.
Q4lLllI|lulu@l
^*.^"to-ii
'rvtlllvJ(qz-t!
|
l
ani
t,vl
80
Lguminoas(Iint'
mazre' fasl), ff ut
usatr (aise,stafid,
prun, smohin),
,-)-C
i1I t()l!.
1---ll':
! L:jl !'
rahii.fas-liitle'
nrri'alun,ap
nrinral'ral
ingral
dgIiri
^|^-l.;,{-;^
Llvrrrlurl!.
glzi
iigsiivpiri
iiaeiisau vm
( -^-^.:^^^^.-l^: ^,.^:i..i..:
*iLlgtld
d5rl lU4 d dUluult
^'-.^.i.-;.
rrvlrrlvsrdzrq
Carn atumat,
mzluri, ;t ani
sau d mar, murturi,
brinzturi tari' sar
|
u,Jl', !gUl.
^;.,i.';
in
ttLr.rr
rrtab!ist1
m : r r nl ll i m n t!in .i n r " . r ' l i.iJI
stirulazi r9tra
oidrdur,
$i imunitaia.ar ibt aniists,
antialrgi'antiinfl amator.
radiprotto,rg1atrtrmi,
stimultl stiibiliar.
zi
^-^i
or
L^*^^^+^-i^i
Ilulllu5L4ll
L|
F.rt,igum,pius
lI qg !nr vf
i
Yt
nrl
nt
mar.prius
altlloooas. sar
r|c
.'
Tlul 12.2.Fun1ii!.!i-gq9!919ntlr
in
lmnt
v{nifstid
Prprit{i
minral
arrnt
biolgi
tltut
rnm
\-
rb!t
C
uru
Cu
I
I
I Fluor
F
Surs alimntar
Anmi. drg|6ri
ii
st.arti
ula, in'1t
Z . . . m g l z i
onstituntai
maliuluidntr
(fluoroapatit)
arii dntar
.rs:Jlztor,lz,
lJbru|ii oSoS,
imgiiap
'|
!intgrl,lint
Lv|
R.glaradisprlzitii
ngn
Mn
Agnt d dtir,
stimulatral sintzi
ar1ilailr
A'ntd dtiar
nm i^.lgii
iruiataal
trmittilor
n m i .a n r i
"
"-
1 nto li
"'0'''
i
i
D.*sl,"..*t.*
dbilitat
mntal
Siri rjpsiv'
insmni,angoas
Stidii'frutust,
llgttminoas.i.eal
4gryg!!9!14
q rl
Litiu
Li
Molibdn
Slniu
S
}Jrma
reomandata
()r
du
Drgliririibtie 5 0 . . . 2 0 0m c g l z t
Atrslrz
ozitat
oignuluiin
hmg!bin,ftr d
dtoiar
t,'-".at" tfu.il.i
"l
l".t
I
^tivatral
mtaolismului
idlrsi li
St-imuir
sinizi
glLrulirrqii
(vit Bl2)' antal*i'
vzdi|fatrnerieri
Antiinflamator,
Antiinf;is
Antiuls,
Stimularasintzi
.l--^n^*r
I r l lopvr
l spana.ais.ui, fiat d
l vitl
l d ral
i
t -*-/-:
I lttgLl
(nunsut
a
lmntsntia|)
Alimnt vgtal,
Ap d mar
ragilitat
2., 5 mlzi
Fulgi d viz-,
ostoartiula'
sia, lguminoas,migdal.
drsl6ri nurolsi
stridii. fiat
Dreglirntabli
1 5 0 . . . 5 0m
0 c g l z i Lgum, lguminoas,
al antinisi su]fitilor
rn. |aot"ai
Imbatrinileplnatur. l 50...200 mcglzi
Drojdii d b,grmni d
griu. ustuoi. ceapd.varz.
drgliri hpati9i
l
ardiovasular.
s t i d i i .s u m b i
I
s t i ! i t a l t o. l a n t
i
..]..,
|^ .l^
.I
Agnt antioidant
I
(Pottorontra
|
l dialilorlibri)
r__
j A g l r tp i a s i i u i
1,':Yl_
__]_
l
|
---J
ffi,r 2 i
i
j ;ffi;;ii,i,J#.j".,-,,,.-,
;;''.'u i ;iff'i::{,un.,.,",
:1H-Jl;J*1i.-'1ai.,.ivngiz|
l
i
i .."
;i mai als j utan
! musrrlr
l
l
Siiiiu
. '..^^''l^.,.
iiii .'
.
, -Slt"i
- ; - =l.lqi.-civ
.
i
l' Zn
I
-
l imulritr.ativer
ffuntillo- sLr-
i l0
25 mg/Zi
li
I
l dItrtz.:
i
-_L
--
t(tn ,-.
t
8l
.',!^a1Jt.ic.-o.",
| <
orez''vin
l intgral,Sana"
I r^q!!
ap.mzr'broli.
i
i tiut i mar.p9-
i
i
!993
|2.2.|.Biodisonibilitataaliului
Prontul d aliu absrbitin adrul unui rgim alimntarbiqnuit st d 2a - 4a%.
VArsta 9i ondi1ia ftzicd modifi absorb1ia aliului. D mplu' la opiii in
qtr;i fmil in priada d matrnitatprntul d aliu absrbit st mai
mar d6t ia prsoanii vArst6inaintat.bsr'otiaaliului st stirulai d
aiditat gastri6 nrmal, aasta asigurind fmara lrurii d aliu ar st
foartsolubil. Alfl fatori ar favorizaz6absorb1iaaiiului sunt:
',ir^'*i^^
v!Llllltllo,
i-r.
lJ'
- |atoza;iaidul lati;
- aidul itri;
- soiutiii <iaminaizi;
- un raort aiiuiiosir suraunitar.
Din ontra, hipoaiditatagastri6,ralia pra bogatain aliu, sul d fosfor din
dit, lipsa vitamini D qi przn}a unor fatori insolubilizan|i sad
bidispnibiiitataaliil'li. Ftrii inslubilizani,isutrtsubstarr!i. firriaztrii
aliul sruriinsolubil:
- aidul fiti din priarpulrallor(fitatd aliu insolubil);
- aidul ali din unl lgum9i tiut(xaiatd aiiuinslubil);
- aidul tani din eai, vinul r$seu frute(taninurid aliu);
- acizii graqi nabsorbifiin intstinul sub1ir(starat,palmitat, olat d aliu
ins1ubil).
Un rgim pra bogat in fibr (luloz, hmill|oz.,ptin) poate, d asmna,
limina o part din aliul aflat in tubui digstiv.Astfl, p6ina st o bun sursd
aliu, biodisponibilitata lui fiind diminuat5 d prezen|a fita1ilor 9i fibrlor
alimntar,in spial in pAina intgral qi u adaos d tArA1.Un aport rsut d
buturi alooli poat qi l s6da absorblia intstinal a aliului, atdt in mod
iirt,6t 9i indirt, prin inhibarea nzimior hpati ar ntribui ia ativara
vitamini D.
Un ftt mdratasuprabalan!ial!lui in rganismpt ava:aportul d sodiu qi
prtin ('da.ast siv, rqtxr-tiarnal5 a aliului), aportul d potasiu
(rja st fbatt niai.' pai inhiba xrlia rnai5 i[ iiu). apitul d fbin
(sad mdrat absorb1iaaliului si ii rEtxr{iapntru o sutt priadd
lirp).
iL .1. . aL . a
t , , - l oJ L
L'u
jo
^..E^i'.
L6ILlq
si prltlsl
latat,tlndaliul s
! mi imprtntSs.Ja|iusitntl.p1t:!
g5s9tin antitatemare si ar o lntbiodisprribilitat.
Przntavitamini D.
eiduiui itri, raprtui aiiuiftlsibr suprunitar 9i absnla rirr iatori
insolubiliZan[i fa, a ^astprdtls s fi d nAnlouit in apror,izinarra
organismuluiu aliu. trnlatatlaid,um sunt iauftul'kf.irulbiodispnibilitata
aiiuiui rEt' <iati.itzi^tiiaiduiui iati. ii' brenztui.iitari, i-i]atlirat
antitatad aliu. orin onntrar'pat rqti pan la 8 - 10 oi iai d
.''a!a;.a
sptir'
din !pt.atingAnd.",a!ri
d !000 - i200 mg d !il|00g
_^--^ l.
--_
IJI ULTLIS.
82
n nql hiliri
intstin!i.d aaiginaaiimntar
Ltpar"zi1i
D ntt. st5ild annifiprivi pttfi auzatqi d int-stara
Ltnr.ti
in .sigu.raa
bun sttutal tlrttlttiin organism.
-ctn ttrsngi-!
-l:^.------
/
- -^l^^^--::
^l:---^-(i)ar"rliiora|.a
igil 8iiiil l .lttli. i.,.=l.ttl.tl
onsum in spul rqtrii aptului
.4bsrbirl.firllhli l-i|r-r-l
mzs tt !!'srihi!ittinlt --firului onJoi sf
{}nprtz su in cu tlisptibilittltndig.!irr!I,ri
v nlin u ditl
grig!t rrnd!gr :
e ]0...60 g d arnslah5d P (ira2...469de prdusfirt)'sau
c 25. ..75 ngd id asrbi'
bsorbifirului dintr-o msd cu disponibilittmdi firului non-hmist
i 5.96pn|ru rsand u rzrlli iJir d 5()()mg.
84
i'-
.t
F.irulhmi s ontin ioarin arn' pqt,pasrr. Dar nulnai 40% iin fierul
total al astoralimnt st hmi, rStul600 fiind non-hmi.Absorblia firului
hmi st onstanti qi nu variabii a in cazul-frruiui non-hmi 9i pat fi
aiuiat6 ca 23+lodin firul hmi dispnibi|. mpl'u..85 g do.filu j bovi
onlin 3.3 mg dfir, inclusiv 40% din cr (]'.mg) est.fir hmic, ir rsul 2.0
mg stfir non-hmic.sl, ctitttotl d fir no-hmicl prprtttlui
L.ur.r
- I: ^L^-..L:1
vu.lI
uUtUrUIIu
)^ {-^+.'I
JLIIJII1I
)^'-:'^J^
rIJlrlu
LuI|I
.)c
^l^.':^
Lluol-llLLl
-',,.,,
.]^lX
IIlL,IJ,| .lL.|lL'l'
I;;.-,'l
I 'I .
'"^''" l^.-;'.
II|JII-||.:'iiiL
.lui i2.3. Atlsrbti stiativ5a firului din divs mniuri u aa$ivalar alri
(720 Kal)
Dispnibilitata sizut
(25 mg d aid
asorbi)
\ : ^ ^ . ' - : L : I ; + ^ + ^ ^* ^ J
ltll
Ul)UIllUll
/ {|-l m
niri
vr
llILu
a . n r i cU\
qJ 9v.
i^
Il
lv,
Fierul
Firul total
Cmpzi{i
G r u p u ld i s p o n i b i l i t 1 i i
pntru fir
hmi
1^
lav
st r de
0
o
) ('|-)
0,i -0,2
0
0
0
0
2,0-2,5
0.1-0,2
1,0-1,5
0 , s -1, 0
3,6,5,2
.a
It
nffnclr"
antitat
firu!ui
absrbit
0,06-0,075
0,00-0,006
0,02-0,045
0,015-0,03
r 56
0.098-0.
u,l-u,lJ
0,005-0,075
^
^-a
uru-uru / J
to-u,i l
I\:^-- ^--:L:l:.^+^
l,Isl'()lllI,l
tltat
-^li^
llIU|
'n.;^\
/ ){
^ ^ . . ; , .e,|j' l' u- r^L ,^
|!| G!lu
rL/
l-J
.A
----^r ^: --^
l: .-
-rO
L{J
^ ^ *^
.tU l{ lJIUtlll
uIl! Ua! ll
.lrztttltrl
ci Ietrrtm
0,-0'4 l
iL_______i
llr
Jio-'t.z
ii
Ul 5U u L.1
30 g ptiniiarnd viti
=...,.+''i
iin
- -
.r-a^:l
l:--
(-!
u, l -u,i
lapt 240 ml
prjitu(-s0- 6(Jg)
l
I
Disponibilitat
t\1
tlal112
"!rr
0.5-0.6
0,5-0.6
A<
a-^-^.^
AT
4.)-+.6
85
l
I
{l
\,
1.4
n
;i i i !/i'r i /i\
l.vrl,
\.!l l
ar
al-r al .l/i
r-r{wJ_vru1"
i
u,uu)-u.u
0,0i 5-0,02
_J.0'2
A 1 , : t /\ wA ) J 2L J1 \
wltJ
0,04-0,05
0,04-0,05
nA,t nA<
0.57-0.60
Tm:
12.1. Studiali rolul marolmntlorin organismuluman din infbma|ia przentatl
in ta.biuiiz.i.
i 2'2. Studiaii rlul oligolmntirin rganisinul uman din intlaiaptezentatin
tabelul 12.2.
12.3Folosind abllornpozi1ieihimi al alimntlor,fali o ana|iz'
a
orrtinutulrri
de aliu in difrit prduslatat,brinzturi. Sltali din grupul
produslrlatt8 -10 alimntedintrele mai {ivntonsumatqi srili-lin
rdindsrstar
a n{inutuluid aliu.
|2'4. are prdusalimntarpot fi utilizatin alimnta{ia sursd al*,i..in lipsa
prduslrlt-t?
|2.5.|c6tui1i3-4 ombinatiid sursalimntarar aoprnsarulziini i
8CCmg d aliu pniru aiuigi'flsiniunntruita'l:
Produsul limntar
Gramaj,
g
Continutl aliului. m
n100g
n antitata de
produs
produs
onsurnati
800 m
i tltai aiiu :
86
avdl
mg/
Smint i.susan
Sard butri
^^'1
\ ulllLE
1 29a
Grrrrrid griu
idii alimntar
Past6 d arahid
Fs]|busat
svl dm
aval hddar
matri
Cammbrt 409,,
ulgi d vz
t d vai
106
Spana
l
usat
N4az5r
i 1l-5
Surs alimntre d sodiu
Smin{d sttsan
Smint d flera-seriui
I Srd bu5t6ri
ffi
38850
zluri si
i'urs
.l!
.-
-_.1^-.^
!llIIlaI.
u
Cafa solubil5
Droidii alimntar
aao oraf
ais usat
^"^l.
l oJUlw
h ao
q rl U
'r^t
uJwgl
isri d artfi
Smhin usat
runust
id|e
]-.'**.-
ct rle rhid
j-
ur
tri afumat
rg/
100r
38s0
7'70
710
600
mg/
l rnn
itL/t,
983
*
-]U
800
/-.^.^
6f4{r;
zo;r
as0
aofi, pr6jiti
Fiat de vitl. tfatat tmi
rtd pds6.lratttrmi
l.asolaIbausta.uda
87
| |4,0
i3. Ci\{PARARA
RINTL
ALIIiINITAR ZILNI
APRTUL
HILIBRAT
ALIMNTATIEI
Sonul lrrii:
stiiara onforrrritatiipratiilori]rsonald onsum alimntar u rin!l
aii menta1ii hiiibratin baza meioiiinrgistrrii aportuiui z1|nic;
idntifiaradfiinilornutrilinalprsona|izateqi labaraunui plan
nutri1ionald or!ialinrntr.
N,,IODD LURU
1. intorni1io list5 dtaliata alimntlorsllidqi lihid onsumatp priada
a 3-5 zlle cu mnlionaragramajuiui,insriiniiatlin tabill3.l. Alg1io
priadu alirnntaligf;trni rrhicnlritluzind zill d odihn5 9i l
d srb6toar.
2. .itafiu auat{antit1ii
aiimntirnsumatl' stimind it mai at in
gramjr-r
p6i nii, frutlr, brrturilr nsttmat.
1btr.tlr,
. Folosini dati ompozilii himi a aiintrtlo,aluiaii qi ornpltaii
tablul 1.1u valoril rfritarla onlinutulmaro. qi mirolmntlorin
antitil d alimnt onsumat:kiloalrii, protin, lipid, hidrali d
arbon,aliu. fir. vitaminaA (bta-arotn)'
tiamin,riboflavini, niain qi
vitamina C. Pntru unl buat putli nota ingrdintlmajr' antitativ
prvalnt in prparatul dat, aflind suma nutrimntlor onlinut in fiar
ingrdint.In adrul astilurri s admit flosira datlorpntruprparat
similar aflatin datlompozi1iihirni.
4. Calula1itotalulaportuluizilni in maro-9i mironutrimntqi mdia zilni.
5. mparali valril onsumului mdiu zilni al nutrimntlr u valril
zilni rmandat.\'/lri!r<ltnndt
pntrurtin.gluid. lipid ;i
nrgii b1in1iiin aiuliprsona|izateftuatin iurril prdnt:
Nsarulzilni d rlrotinontradulti:0,8 g&g d mas6op.
Ttjsarui
ziini d iipid pntrueriujti:|-2 glkgd masorp.
}tisarul
zilrid giuid pntiiadulli: a-5 glkgd inas ip.
puttiutiliza datliintabii
ntunsarulrmandatd rnirolmnt,
13.2.
Pcrrtr.uairilul iisaiulirizilili .j i.gii-!siii ibrmi:la lui HarisBndit adaptatla nivlul spitid ativitat(luraranr.3 ).
. Vriflaii daliilli.l"afia
Dvs. :;.'.
hilibt'i.iupriti,;!rptuluiptim
dintrgluid,prtin,lipid.ndufi-vd indialia dirtar, 55 60 o din kilaloriil zilni trbuis provin din gluid, 11-1%- din
rtinii a'5%- din lipid.
Prtin:-!z\
Total kcallzi : (T)_
4 kaiig : ()----
kcal'lzi
kcal'lzi
kcallzl
kcallzi
89
'I.:lblull
.lint,
ns.mt
.otal
:ziuaj[
Ziutrll
Total z,iuanl
ZittrIII
.otal
z,iuajLIl
onsur.nul
zilni:mdiu
Abatra,
u\batra,9/o
,4.;rf,'
ml
3.1. ]lnvntarulalimnta{iipntrtrreizfrlonsutitv
al-gria
1l,ulagii
!)
50
6)
q.)
qi onditiifiziologiqg
---
lnul
d
pot]n
(in
(il
l:
()
bc
oo
i
()
!
!
v)
q.)
2A
bo
bo
_ttr rg
lg
K
g
,-l
L:nalq
1 , 4 ;10( 2
50
l5
30
1)
I ,'l
1 , 6 :Z0 2
60
l5
30
1)
1.1
14
1 , 6 .l0t 2
60
J)
l \
1,8 t8
t0
))
30(
80
l5
l0
10
30(
a
J
80
l5
120 3 0 1 , 5 125 5 0
6r)0
,7
l0
8rC0 l 0 4 0 0 l 0
ti00 l 0 400 l 0
0,7 0.8
.sl
t80
l0
l0
('6
24
I2
t?. 1 4 0 40 1 , 5 125 1 0 0
240
t2
l:l
420
t5
l:t r 5 0 60 2
t25 1 5
ll00
30
l8
1"?_1 5 0 5 5 z
800 l 0 400 12 l 8
t5
420
l0
18
125 l 5 4
125 1 5 0
t25 l s 0
1000 t 0 400 T2 l 8
800 t0 400 I2 l 8
1.5 l,lB l8
3.5 1 . 3 l - t ) l-s
l0
l0
125 1 5 0 4
l 000 20 800 t2 t 8 1 5
r , 8 l , r 8 20
64
142
1-"-
ir*
.^
|l
JJU
Fm:i tl
2:i 0,8 1 . 0 t2
400 1 0 400 5
1 4 0 40 1 , 5 125 1 0 0
t"z
1 5 0 70 ) s
r50 55 2 )
45-90
inind
u luna a
1-a
l5
1 7 5 65
200 15 -)
l)
/0
480
ti0
4s0
ta
l-)
l9
424
l0
1?- r 5 0 70
t{
t25
150 4
125 1 5 0
400
t 0 400 12 1 8
1:.i00t 5 600 l 2
x0( 2
0,8
l0
mo
40
10
/)
3n
.rg Lg
)9
.N
r20
'i9
a1i
I Prsandt-.
ng
"D
30
{Q
,z140
P P 3,;mB rn8
q
0
II
'70
'))
J)
10
30(
30(
l0
?5
:i0(
90
t 8 5 5 1 , 8 1 . 8 20
t0
) s 50( 4
90
t5
l0
2,0 30(
80
800 l 2 480 t2 l 8
tl
t!
t\
J
1
J
80
80
Bibligrafi
1.BnditRullir L'hygin aiimntair.ditions Nathan, 1995.-i60p.
2. BoissauNathali.Nutrition t bionrgtiqudu sportif : Bass
}'{assn,
Paris,2005.-2|7 p.
fndainntals.
. Fostr-wllK., Brand }'{illrJ. Intrnatinaltabls f glmi indx. Am. J.
Clin' Nutr.,|995' 62, 8695-89S.
nrygn{ivt urativ.tr,ditinsD
4. Manul pratiqud nutriti.|'lirrrnttinl-r
Bok Urrivrit,205.-278p.
5' PirrMrau. La mirnutritinliniqu n biologi t n Dratiqurliniqu.
Paris:LavoisirT&Do, |99, 199p.
Ntritin itd trratrital.'lisrn.Wsi
.Sreir4.unt' JemsL. Grff. A<i.',end
PublishingCompany,1990.-511p.
7.Virl ll{g;.lstrlul. dituradiala, Buurqti,|994.
oaB lIlBI poyTo. Cpao}lI al op)I(a
8.
}IBI]IIlBl BrrTB l,I I{Tr1 HoT plBIx poyoB.
p. Aai"illa ^}l
92
oIWoZ.lTIA
UNOR
Ptl.oDtis
ALtMNTAR
T'
Tb|ulI
}|IMIA
-t-
Vitmin
Substanteminrl
V:rloar
rdusul
nrgti
<t
miligrm
!t!
i7 0i
Ir4zi
r29
J?
l:
1297
0,03
l',int
;;;7-
Nr'tt
tJ /o
?s
)10
0,07
a._.
0.53 0.20
l0
6..I
(}J
0,08
7,7
r_
1.2.7
|.2.8
IDstefinoas (fi.c,tii!i, sghet)
I .:i.1
II
ir.34
Pa:;tfiiinosd
littsupria5u
lapt:
1 . 0 0 :z6
4.lt9 .'z9
1 . 6 J -!
i ,i5
-).)4
t . t 0 3,1s
0
.
1
0
t.00 355
9!*0 . 1 2_ 0.06 .1.00 '21
0,10 0 . r 0 r..10 325
0,07 I ,r 0 3"Zs
2(J [_
Ll.a
t.2.9
1.3
0.04
t.a- 0,04
0 , 1I
395
0.17
0.08
0.25
0.12
tS tt
15l
397
4.4+
I4 8 5
r356
r360
I 360
l89
l . : ll
') 'r)
l 64
J J.)
l:i93
2.0 I 66.s
135
| 0.14
0.12
t:.22
338
t4t4
4,6
r87
I 0.17
I
0 . 17
0-17
341
t427
62;7
('tiur luh.],
l-l
--_-_-
l
ll
lGluid|
--,_
l|
I
|1
I
t':-
|
l|
I
ltl-tl
tit-tl
A l. = I
]Prdursul
int:ipallrl
matrii rir:
l.*l,Nl
*' o i
i
I
l--
ll
llll
n'in.rale
i"1
|
; | - i -. l * I
il1__
ll
ll
t-
l
lll-tl
|
l t t F t l
--l--
wl
Itr
i| - I |
t>
t(J
l-
l-
=tll
lli"l
lil
ll
|
l
|
Vitmin
*-l-i
.alitat:rf?iiniii
--_-s.'t
Bz
l.l
kl
miiligral
gr
Vloar
enrgtif,
kj
PiinJ
-| lj6ii d gr.irr
Chiqin
Piin d griu
d alitt
su1ria.
Ratn
1.'+.6FrirnzrlL
C'rnuri
1 . . 1 . 8'vigi
1 . , 4 . 9 Psn!i
4"75
6.5
1 . 0 40,r
t} i
8,1
1)
40.0
8.1
d griu
F.6irr
3 7 . 8 1.6
sr:prio16
ali1,a1
Find griu
illitat l
Firfld griu
lnlita1I
F 6in d griu
litati
t.iird griu
lalita1I
ai' d. g'i"-__
litat.l
0,6'7 190
206
38
49
t 5 6 2.6
0 , 1 8 0 . 1I
15
I,85
3',1
65
:218 2.8
n.)
tt {
1,',7 4t7
t66
2t,
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))
0 , 2 1 0.08
0,1
r.3
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93
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v,2
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86
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31.2 1.9
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4'3
1,'7
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14
U't'
1,6
4t"t
130
26
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1 , 6 0 , 1 6 0.08
8,3
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54,4
z,l
0,2
1,4
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148
)h
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98
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68,1
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5 l 0
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of
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its
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z. -t
Cararnlstilras
3"6
24
araml u
ul0lutd futt:
6.8
tt.i
25
iolat brutli
0,ii
:5.4
26
Cioolat u lapt
0.9
6.9
..,..i1
;;
2,8
Halva
2.9
Bisr;uii{iu zal.ir
2.r0
Natrllitn
2 . 1 1 urtduli
2.12
F.a.li-.t*
pandl5an
2 . | Pr6.jiturEdin aluat
2.14
2.15
2"16
luPq_-_
lru rmii
ortpandi;panu
m6rcr
ioolat5
Trt,cinfoitaju
rIn
1.?')
I t"L
--
l.i
-J----
- I r4.8
0.i-s.il
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5.5
.r-l-;;;
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i
4).s
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411.5
i 12,5
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7,!- 1I,ri i : 3 . 6i 5 0 . 8
30,:l 4,4,5 , |20"2
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,+,.
/
1.2.0
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:i8.0
).
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4,4
r3.0
5.i
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ql
miligram
lJl ]:!
l.ll
\/it'lnin
i;.,n.
-o --elr8
2"2.0 l ) . 4
?()
.. ::
2.'
Sutlstntminra'l
4t,0 i.t.l.?
_---_I
j;s,6 8.6
]
18.:i
0 . 0 1 0"03 i 0.2r)
U
0.04
,$:
Jl.
0.80
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0.08
0.iCl
0.10
0.1(r
l r..r I 46.8
--_-_.-37,,1 16,6
,l?.4 l l7'7.t
Tlblltul :|
SubstantminrI
DI
0l
lProdusul
irl
Vitamin
Vloar
enrgtiI
rdl
l-
llralnr
- _-l
- -
8 8 . 5 alB
9 1 . 4 --:,
:j.0
..}*5 l FriqdJ0o/ogisinl .--l.ll
l l : r i s a',] : i 9 s r i i s i m :
grasrnl;
,"1| | Smintinii' 109/
]}.l:i l Srnintinil.2096 sr6sim
3.!,) ] Srninlinii.25?il srsim.
Smintin.3096srsirn.:
Smintinr1.
36%ls:rl
Bdnzii
BI.inz,fu;.migra--*
Brjnzrrjgrsa!a_-- _
Che dgrglat
I9
jgg!e!.--*
lJ
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0.05
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12.7
ao
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68.5
63.6
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_:_;_ 2,tr
_
64.7
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