: 3.

2 : [c] THIN CONVERGING LENSES : : TYPES OF Lenses :

: PIONEER ACADEMY : : 10 : PHYSICS

Lenses are of two types : (1) Converging (or Convex) lens & (2) Diverging (or Concave) lens. (1) Converging Lens (Convex Lens) : A converging lens is thic est in the centre an! thin at the e!ges. "t #en!s a parallel #ea$ of light% passing thro&gh it% inwar!s #eca&se of refraction. 'he refracte! rays converges or $eet at a point% #eyon! the lens nown as (oc&s ((). 'he i$age for$e! in a converging lens is real. "t has two real foci% one on each si!e% e)&i!istance fro$ the *ptical centre (C).

(2) Diverging Lens (Concave Lens) : A !iverging lens is thinnest in the centre an! thic est at the e!ges. "t #en!s a parallel #ea$ of light% passing thro&gh it% o&twar!s #eca&se of refraction. 'he refracte! rays !iverges or $eet at a point% #eyon! the lens nown as (oc&s ((). 'he i$age for$e! in a converging lens is real. "t has one real foc&s & one virt&al foc&s #ehin! the lens% e)&i!istance fro$ the *ptical centre (C).

Terminology of lenses : Optical Centre ( C) : - 'he optical centre + C , of the lens is locate! at its geo$etric centre. "t is a point on the principal axis of the lens% s&ch that a ray of light passing thro&gh it goes straight witho&t any !eviation (refraction). Principal Axis : - 'he straight line passing thro&gh the optical centre C an! perpen!ic&lar to the lens is calle! the -rincipal Axis. Principal oc!s ( ) : - .hen a #ea$ of light parallel to the principal axis% passes thro&gh a conversing lens it is refracte! an! it converges to a point on the principal axis calle! the principal foc&s + ,. /ince light can fall on #oth faces of a lens it has two principal foci one on each si!e of the lense. ocal lengt" ( f ): - (ocal length + f , is the !istance #etween the *ptical centre an! the (oc&s is calle! the focal length of the lens. f # C . 'he $ore c&rve! the lens faces are% the s$aller is f an! the $ore powerf&l is the lens.
O p tic a l c e n tre P r in c ip a l fo c u s C F F P r in c ip a l F o c u s ff ff F o c a l le n g th
ff ff F o c a l le n g th F P r in c ip a l fo c u s C F P r i n c ip a l F o c u s O p tic a l c e n tre

$O% A L&'( %O)*( : A lens can #e consi!er as n&$#er of pris$s ($ost with the tips re$ove!) each of which #en!s the ray towar!s its #ase% as shown in fig. #ellow an! the centre acts as a parallel 0 si!e! #loc . (ro$ the central part the inci!ent ray passes straight% witho&t !eviation% as it is nor$al to the s&rface.

PIONEER ACADEMY : PHYSICS : 10 : 2

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PIONEER ACADEMY : PHYSICS : 10 : 3

+(& O L&'(& A( A /A.'- 0-'. .LA(( : Optical Centre ( C) : - 'he optical centre + C , of the
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