Nuclear Chemistry Test Review

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A nuclide is represented by a the symbol of the element with a superscript indicating its mass number and a subscript . indicating its atomic number. b the symbol of the element with a superscript indicating its atomic number and a subscript . indicating its mass number. c the full name of the element with a hyphen and the mass number. . d Both a and c .

2. What does the 4 in represent? a the mass number . b the atomic number .

c . d .

the number of protons the number of neutrons

3. What does the 101 in a the mass number . b the atomic number .

represent? c . d . the nuclide number the number of neutrons

4. What does the 21 in polonium!21 represent? a the mass number c . . b the atomic number d . .

the mass defect the neutron number

". #ass defect is the difference between the mass of a a nucleus and its atom. . b a neutron and a proton. . c an atom and the sum of the masses of its nucleons. . d an atom and the sum of the masses of its constituent particles. .

$. %ompared with the sum of the masses of the separate particles that compose the nucleus& its mass a is always less. c is always the same. . . b is always more. d may be either less& more& or the same. . .

'. Among atoms with low atomic numbers& what is the neutron!proton ratio of the most stable nuclei? a 1(1 c 1."1 ( 1 . . b 1." ( 1 d 1(2 . .

. Between protons in a nucleus& a attraction due to nuclear force is greater than repulsion due to electrostatic force. . b repulsion due to electrostatic force is greater than attraction due to nuclear force. . c nuclear and electrostatic forces are balanced. . d electrostatic forces are negligible. .

). *eactions that affect the nucleus of an atom are called a fusions. c radioacti+e decays. . . b fissions. d nuclear reactions. . .

10. ,n a nuclear reaction& unstable nuclei change their number of protons and neutrons& a gi+e off large amounts of energy& and increase their stability. . b gi+e off small amounts of energy& and increase their stability. . c gi+e off large amounts of energy& and decrease their stability. . d gi+e off small amounts of energy& and decrease their stability. .

11. Balance the following e-uation( a

. ///// c

. b .

. d .

12. Balance the following e-uation( . ///// a . b . c . d .

13. Balance the following e-uation(

. a . b .

. ///// c . d .

14. Balance the following e-uation( . ///// a . b .

. c . d .

1". Balance the following e-uation( ///// . a . b . c . d .

1$. 0he process that changes the identity and number of protons in a nucleus is a fusion. c fission. . . b transmutation. d All of the abo+e

1'. 0he spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter and more stable nucleus& accompanied by emission of particles& electromagnetic radiation& or both& is a nuclear fusion. c radioacti+e decay. . . b nuclear radiation. d nuclear fission. . .

1 . 1articles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioacti+e decay a is harmless nuclear fallout. c is transmutation. . . b is nuclear radiation. d are daughter nuclides. . .

1). What produces 2 rays? a nuclear radiation . b radioacti+e decay .

c . d .

Both a and b 3either a nor b

20. 4uring radioacti+e decay& the nucleus disintegrates into a a lighter and more stable nucleus. c a lighter and less stable nucleus. . . b a hea+ier and more stable nucleus. d a hea+ier and less stable nucleus. . .

21. Which of the following processes always decreases the number of protons by an e+en number? a fusion c alpha decay . . b beta decay d fission . .

22. Which of the following forms of radiation has the greatest penetrating power? a alpha particles c gamma rays . . b beta particles d positrons . .

23. Which of the following lists ran5s nuclear radiation from most massi+e to least massi+e? a alpha& beta& and gamma c gamma& alpha& and beta . .

b beta& gamma& and alpha .

d .

gamma& beta& and alpha

24. Which of the following radioacti+e decay processes does 360 reduce the atomic number of a nuclide? a alpha decay c positron decay . . b beta decay d electron capture . .

2". Which of the following particles has the same mass as an electron but a positi+e charge and is sometimes emitted from the nucleus during radioacti+e decay? a beta particle c positron . . b alpha particle d gamma ray . .

2$. Beta particles are a electrons. . b helium nuclei. .

c . d .

electromagnetic wa+es. neutrons.

2'. 7amma rays are a electrons. . b helium nuclei. .

c . d .

electromagnetic wa+es. neutrons.

2 . Which of the following is the symbol for an alpha particle? a c . . b d . .

2). Which of the following is the nuclear symbol for a beta particle? a c . . b d . .

30. 0he half!life of an isotope is the time re-uired for half the nuclei in a sample to a undergo radioacti+e decay. c undergo nuclear fusion.

. b undergo nuclear fission. .

. d .

react chemically.

31. Which statement is true about half!li+es? a 4ifferent atoms of the same nuclide ha+e different half!li+es. . b 8ach radioacti+e isotope has its own half!life. . c All radioacti+e nuclides of an element ha+e the same half!life. . d All radioacti+e nuclides ha+e the same half!life. .

32. What is the half!life of an isotope if 12" g of a "00 g sample of the isotope remains after 3.0 years? a 1." years c 3." years . . b 2." years d 4." years . .

33. ,f the particle that starts a nuclear reaction is also one of the products& the process is a a chain reaction. c nuclear fusion. . . b neutron emission. d neutron bombardment. . .

34. Which are 360 products of the fission of uranium? a neutrons c energy . . b medium!weight nuclei d alpha particles . .

3". Which of the illustrations abo+e represents a fission reaction? a A c % . . b B d 4 . .

3$. Which of the following is a fission reaction? a hydrogen!2 and hydrogen!3 combining to form a helium!4 atom and a neutron . b carbon!12 and hydrogen!1 combining to form a nitrogen!13 atom

. c uranium!23" absorbing a neutron and brea5ing into barium!141& 5rypton!)2& and three . neutrons d a glucose molecule being metaboli9ed with o:ygen to form carbon dio:ide and water .

3'. Which of the following is a fusion reaction? a uranium!23" absorbing a neutron and splitting into :enon!140& strontium!)4& and two . neutrons b hydrochloric acid combining with sodium hydro:ide to form 3a%l and water . c carbon!14 decaying into nitrogen!14 and a beta particle . d curium!24$ combining with carbon!12 to form nobelium!2"4 and four neutrons .

3 . ,n nuclear reactors& the role of control rods is to a accelerate neutrons. c . . b absorb neutrons. d . .

slow down neutrons. absorb heat.

3). What is the function of shielding in a nuclear reactor? a to cool the reactor c to absorb free neutrons . . b to contain radiation d to slow neutrons . .

40. 0he heat produced by a reactor is used to a boil water for steam turbines. . b melt metal. .

c . d .

produce graphite. produce coal.

Nuclear Chemistry Test Review Answer Section

MULTIPLE CH ICE 1. 4 2. A 3. B 4. A ". 4 $. A '. A . A ). 4 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. % 1". % 1$. 4 1'. % 1 . B 1). % 20. A 21. % 22. %

23. A 24. B 2". % 2$. A 2'. % 2 . 4 2). % 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. 4 3". 4 3$. % 3'. 4 3 . B 3). B 40. A