Main Sequence Spectral Types, Temperatures and B-V Color Indices

(Data in red pertain to brown dwarfs and are somewhat uncertain.) Spectral Type Temperature [K} B-V O5 42 000 -0.33 O9 34 000 -0.31 B0 30 000 -0.30 B2 20 900 -0.24 B5 15 200 -0.17 B8 11 400 -0.11 A0 9 790 -0.02 A2 9 000 0.05 A5 8 180 0.15 F0 7 300 0.30 F2 7 000 0.35 F5 6 650 0.44 F8 6 250 0.52 G0 5 940 0.58 G2 5 790 0.63 G5 5 560 0.68 G8 5 310 0.74 K0 5 150 0.81 K2 4 830 0.91 K5 4 410 1.15 M0 3 840 1.40 M2 3 170 1.49 M5 3 170 1.64 M8 2 800 L0 2 450 L1 2 300 L3 2 000 L5 1 680 L7 1 520 L8 1 400 T2 1 320

T6 T7 T8

1 020 900 800

Notes for graph: include key, put title, Hertzsprung- Russel, label the axis and double check scale.

47 Tuc Star 41456

(turning point)

B-V 0.51 = spectral type F Lifetime is Approximately 4X109 = 4 000 000 000 years From the data relevant to 47 Tuc the data point of star 41456 is the last before the plot deviates to the right of the H-R diagram. This data point was chosen as the turning point for the data of 47 Tuc. This data point corresponded to a B-V colour index of 0.51. when this value was compared to the data in the table titled Main Sequence Spectral Types, Temperatures and B-V Colour Indices, it was noted that the value 0.51 was closest to 0.52 which belongs to the Spectral class F, which indicates a lifetime of approximately 4X109 years.

M45 Star 2425 (Turning point) B-V -0.05 = Spectral type A Lifetime is Approximately 4X108 = 400 000 000 years

From the data relevant to M45 the data point of star 2425 has been chosen as the turning point based on a similar logic to that of the turning point in 47 Tuc of the H-R diagram. This data point corresponded to a B-V colour index. When this value was compared to the data in the Main Sequence Spectral Types table it was noted that the value -0.05 was closest to -0.02 which belongs to the Spectral class A, which indicates a lifetime of approximately 4X108 years.

The heat generated from the star is due to the fusion (combustion) of the hydrogen fuel contained in the star. The fusion process within the star results in the loss of hydrogen. The

greater the rate of consumption of the hydrogen per unit of time, the greater the amount of heat that is produced. The colour of a star is determined by the temperature, which in turn is determined by the amount of heat released as the hydrogen is consumed during the fusion process.

Blue stars contain a large amount of hydrogen gas and therefore a high amount of heat is produced during the fusion process which results in a surface temperature of Stars are similar to blackbodies, and the colour variation of stars is a direct consequence of their surface temperatures. Cool stars (Spectral Types K and M) radiate most of their energy in the red and infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum and thus appear red, while hot stars (Spectral Types O and B) emit mostly at blue and ultraviolet wavelengths, making them appear blue or white.