SEIZURE TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION

Submitted by: Anna Dominique B. Santos BSN III A

Classification 1. Partial

Type a. Simple

Description Seizures wherein the person remains alert and can remember what happens. Lasts for 2 minutes.

Manifestation

b. Complex

Starts focally within the brain and causes impairment of consciousness.

Medical Management (Motor) jerking & Anti-epileptics stiffening. (Carbamazepine, (Sensory) unusual paraldehyde, sensations oxcarbazepine or (Autonomic) racing another heartbeat, stomach anticonvulsant) upset, diarrhea, loss Nerve of bladder control. stimulation (Psychological) Diet (High fat & feeling of dj vu, low fear or pleasure. carbohydrates) Abnormal muscle Anti-epileptics contraction/relaxation (Carbamazepine, Abnormal head paraldehyde, movements oxcarbazepine or Automatisms another Lip smacking anticonvulsant) Forced turning of the Surgery eyes Numbness, tingling and a crawling sensation Hallucinations Abdominal pain or discomfort Nausea Sweating Flushed face Dilated pupils Rapid heart rate/pulse Blackout spells

Nursing Management -Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe environment by padding side rails and removing clutter. -Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe environment by padding side rails and removing clutter. -Maintain a patent airway until the patient is fully awake after a seizure.

1. Generalized

a. Absence

b. Myoclonic

Seen in childhood absence epilepsy (pyknolepsy), juvenile absence epilepsy, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (impulsive petit mal. The seizures in these conditions are called typical absence seizures and are usually associated with generalized 3-4 Hz spike-and-slowwave complexes on EEG. Occur during wakefulness and are associated with abnormal cortical discharges on EEG

Changes in vision Sensation of deja vu Changes in mood or emotion Loss of axial tone Head nodding Fall Increased tone Autonomic features Automatisms

Anti-epileptics Ketogenic or medium-chain triglyceride diet

-Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe environment by padding side rails and removing clutter.

Rapid, jerklike movements that can affect the face, limbs, or axial musculature.

Valproic acid (sodium valproate) benzodiazepines Ketogenic diet

-Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe environment by padding side rails and removing

c. Tonic-clonic

Tonic seizure is the rigid contracture of muscles, including respiratory muscles, which is usually brief. The clonic component is the rhythmic shaking that occurs and is longer. Together, a generalized tonicclonic seizure (GTCS) is also called a grand mal seizure and is one of the most dramatic of all medical conditions. Tonic seizures most often occur during sleep and usually involve all or most of the brain, affecting both sides of the

d. Tonic

Biting the cheek or tongue Clenched teeth or jaw Urinary incontinence Stopped breathing or DOB Blue skin color Loss of memory (amnesia) regarding events surrounding the seizure episode Headache Drowsiness Confusion Weakness of one side of the body for a few minutes to a few hours following seizure (called Todd's paralysis) Muscle jerks Breathing changes Loss of consciousness

Anticonvulsants (valproate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, felbamate, topiramate, carbamazepine) Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ketogenic diet

Anti-epileptics

clutter. -Maintain a patent airway until the patient is fully awake after a seizure. -Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe environment by padding side rails and removing clutter. -Maintain a patent airway until the patient is fully awake after a seizure. -Provide oxygen during the seizure if the patient becomes cyanotic. -Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe

body. If the person is standing when the seizure starts, he or she often will fall.

e. Atonic

Means "without tone," so in an atonic seizure, muscles suddenly lose strength.

Drooping eyelids Head may nod Dropping of things Falls

Anti-epileptics

environment by padding side rails and removing clutter. -Maintain a patent airway until the patient is fully awake after a seizure. -Provide oxygen during the seizure if the patient becomes cyanotic. -Monitor the entire seizure event, including prodromal signs, seizure behavior, and postictal state. -Provide safe environment by padding side rails and removing clutter. -Maintain a patent airway until the patient is fully awake after a seizure.

References: http://www.medicinenet.com/seizures_symptoms_and_types/page2.htm https://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/seizure_simplepartial http://www.ehow.com/about_5452679_simple-partial-seizures-treatment.html Read more: Complex Partial Seizure Symptoms | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5494007_complex-partial-seizuresymptoms.html#ixzz2E7QyPY6O http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1183858-overview#aw2aab6c13 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184608treatment#aw2aab6b6b5aa http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/seizure_tonic http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/generalized-tonic-clonic-seizure/overview.html http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/seizure-disorder/