TITLE:

PERFORMANCE

OF

DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM

CORRUPTED BY NOISE OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the performance of digital communication system when it is corrupted by noise. 2. To study the performance of digital communication system when it is under the influence of Intersymbol Interface (ISI) only. 3. To study the performance of digital communication system when it is both under the influence of Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and corrupted by noise. RESULT: PART 1 a) The purpose of the following Matlab function M-files i) test_noise To test the BER and packet error rate for binary sequence. ii) binseq_tx A bit sequence transmission are to get the sequence for ASK. iii) binseq_det Function to implement coherent ASK detection for 1 packet at coherent length.

b) The main specifications for the ASK signal in the main file: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Bit rate = 5 bps Sampling frequency = 10 Hz Voltage amplitude = 1V Number of bits in a packet =0 Number of packets = 1000

c) Develop two functions. i) a function to generate bytes of pseudorandom binary sequence

ii)

Q-function

d) Execute the Matlab program and tabulate the value of the parameter: Coding for test_noise:

Table 1: Result for amplitude =1 Voltage Amplitu de 1 Sampling Bit rate frequency 10 1 Bit error 57 Packet error 10 Number of bits 10000 Theoreti cal BER 0.0684 Measured BER 0.0057

PER 1

e) i.

Varying the parameter: Voltage amplitude, A=2, 3, 4 and 5 volts. (sampling frequency =10 and bit rate =1)

Parameter SNR Bit_error Packet_error Num_bits BER=bit_error BER_theory PER=packet_error

A=2 9.4764 4 4 10 000 4.0000e-004 0.0015 0.4000

A=3 12.9983 7 7 10 000 7.0000e-004 3.9939e-006 0.7000

A=4 15.4970 2 2 10 000 2.0000e-004 1.3055e-009 0.2000

A=5 17.4352 6 6 10 000 6.0000e-004 4.9175e-014 0.6000

ii.

Sampling frequency, fsamp = 2,6,14 and 20Hz. (voltage amplitude =1 and bit rate =1) Fsamp=2 3.4558 44 10 10000 0.0044 0.0684 10 Fsamp=6 8.2270 1 1 10000 1.0000e-004 0.0050 1 Fsamp=14 11.9068 0 0 10000 0 4.1074e-005 0 Fsamp=20 13.4558 0 0 10000 0 1.2561e-006 0

Parameter SNR dB Bit_error Packet_error Num_bits BER=bit_error BER_theory PER=packet_error

iii.

Bit rate =2,3,4 and 5 bits/sec. (voltage amplitude = 1 and sampling frequency =10 Bit rate=2 7.4352 3 2 10000 3.0000e-004 0.0093 0.2000 Bit rate=3 7.1670 4945 10 10000 0.4945 0.0213 1 Bit rate=4 5.6743 8 5 10000 8.0000e-004 0.0274 0.5000 Bit rate=5 3.4558 53 10 10000 0.0053 0.0684 1

Parameter SNR/dB Bit_error Packet_error Num_bits BER=bit_error BER_theory PER=packet_error

f) Graph of BER.

Figure 2: BER against voltage amplitude, sampling frequency and bit rate (measured)

Figure 3: BER against voltage amplitude, sampling frequency and bit rate (theory)

Figure 4: BER against SNR for the value of A, fsamp and bit rate (theory)

Figure 5: BER against SNR for the value of A, fsamp and bit rate (measured)

Observation:

PART 2

a) Parameters: Voltage amplitude =1 Sampling frequency = 10 Bit rate = 1 Bit error= 26 Packet error= 10 Number of bits = 10 000 Theoretical BER = 0 Measured BER = 0.0026 PER = 1

b) Varying parameters

i.

Voltage amplitude, A = 2, 3, 4, and 5 volts (fsamp = 10 and bit rate = 1). Parameter SNR Bit_error Packet_error Num_bits BER=bit_error BER_theory PER=packet_error A=2 31 10 10 000 0.0031 0 1 A=3 27 10 10 000 0.0027 0 1 A=4 28 10 10 000 0.0028 0 1 A=5 35 10 10 000 0.0035 0 1

ii.

Sampling frequency, fsamp = 2,6,14 and 20Hz (A = 1 and bit rate = 1). Parameter SNR dB Bit_error Packet_error Num_bits BER=bit_error BER_theory PER=packet_error Fsamp=2 160 10 10000 0.0170 0 1 Fsamp=6 50 10 10000 0.0051 0 1 Fsamp=14 0 0 10000 0 0 1 Fsamp=20 0 0 10000 0 0 0

iii.

Bit rate = 2, 3, 4 and 5 bit/sec (A = 1 and fsamp = 10). Parameter SNR/dB Bit_error Packet_error Num_bits BER=bit_error BER_theory PER=packet_error Bit rate=2 43 10 10000 0.0039 0 1 Bit rate=3 119 10 10000 0.0119 0 1 Bit rate=4 100 10 10000 0.0100 0 1 Bit rate=5 161 10 10000 0.0161 0 1

Graph of BER.

Figure 6: BER against voltage amplitude, sampling frequency and bit rate (measured)

Figure 7: BER against voltage amplitude, sampling frequency and bit rate (theory)

Figure 8: BER against SNR for the value of A, fsamp and bit rate (theory)

Figure 9: BER against SNR for the value of A, fsamp and bit rate (measured)

Observation:

PART 3

a) Parameters:

Voltage amplitude =1 Sampling frequency = 10 Bit rate = 1 Bit error= 6 Packet error= 6 Number of bits = 10 000 Theoretical BER = 2.2155e-4 Measured BER = 6.0000e-4 PER = 0.6000

b) Varying parameters :

i.

Voltage amplitude, A = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 volts (fsamp = 10 and bit rate = 1).

Voltage amplitude , A (volts) Parameter SNR dB Bit error Packet error No. bits BER theory 1 10.9151 6 6 10 000 2 16.9357 6 6 10 000 3 20.4576 8 8 10 000 5 5 10 000 4 22.9563 5 24.8945 4 4 10 000

2.2155e-4 1.0541e-12 2.7988e-26 3.6122e-45 2.1584e-69 8.0000e-4 0.8000 5.0000e-4 0.5000 4.0000e-4 0.4000

BER measured 6.0000e-4 6.0000e-4 PER 0.6000 0.6000

ii.

Sampling frequency, fsamp = 1, 2,6,14 and 20Hz (A = 1 and bit rate = 1).

Frequency sampling, fsamp (Hz) Parameter SNR dB Bit error Packet error No. bits BER theory BER measured PER 1 0.9151 200 10 10 000 0.1333 0.0200 1 2 3.9254 65 10 10 000 0.0581 0.0065 1 6 8.6967 9 7 10 000 0.0033 9.0000e-4 0.7000 14 12.3764 0 0 10 000 1.6129e-5 0 0 20 13.9254 0 0 10 000 3.3702e-7 0 0

iii.

Bit rate = 2, 3, 4 and 5 bit/sec (A = 1 and fsamp = 10). Bit rate (bit/sec) Parameter 1 10.9151 3 3 10 000 2.2155e-4 3.0000e-4 0.3000 7 6 10 000 0.0065 7.0000e-4 0.6000 2 7.9048 3 6.1439 21 9 10 000 0.0213 0.0021 0.9000 4 4.8945 18 9 10 000 0.0396 0.0018 0.9000 5 3.9254 52 10 10 000 0.0581 0.0052 1

SNR dB Bit error Packet error No. bits BER theory BER measured PER

Graph of BER

Figure 10: BER against voltage amplitude, sampling frequency and bit rate (theoretical)

Figure 11: BER against voltage amplitude, sampling frequency and bit rate (measured)

Figure 12: BER against SNR for the value of A, fsamp and bit rate (theoretical)

Figure 13: BER against SNR for the value of A, fsamp and bit rate (measured)

DISCUSSION:

For Part 2, In telecommunication, intersymbol interference (ISI) is a form of distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an unwanted phenomenon as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, thus making the communication less reliable. ISI is usually caused by multipath propagation or the inherent nonlinear frequency response of a channel causing successive symbols to "blur" together. The presence of ISI in the system introduces errors in the decision device at the receiver output. Therefore, in the design of the transmitting and receiving filters, the objective is to minimize the effects of ISI, and thereby deliver the digital data to its destination with the smallest error rate possible. Ways to fight intersymbol interference include adaptive equalization and error correcting codes.