Discussion

1. Compare the parameter values computed using Short circuit current oscillogram, open circuit voltage oscillogram and the slip test

2. Compare the agreement of theoretical and observed oscillogram, of short circuit field current and open circuit line voltage.

3. Discuss the features of short circuit oscillogram of phase and field current While the generator is running its rated speed, short circuit of its three phases causes a huge variation in its behavior. When we talk about the armature current, now it flows in such way that to maintain the armature winding flux linkages at the value; they had at the time of the short circuit. This current can be categorized mainly as two components, as DC and AC. AC component is corresponding to the armature current required to oppose the time varying flux produced by the field winding as it rotates. And DC component is to keep the initial flux linkage which existed at the time of the short circuit. Resultant current of these two components is an armature flux linkage fixed in space holding its initial armature flux linkage. This scenario is common to all three phases of armature currents. Field current is also a similar scenario as now the field is rotating in a stationary trapped armature flux wave and responding with an AC component to oppose the tendency of this trapped armature flux to change the field winding flux linkage. DC component is to oppose the synchronously rotating component of flux created by the AC component of armature current. This AC component causes to oppose the tendency of the rotating field flux to change the armature flux linkages.

4. Discuss the importance of short circuit study. When designing a synchronous machine, we need to consider protection schemes also. To do a better design knowing the steady reactance, transient reactance and sub transient reactance values is very important. Apart from that armature and field resistances are vital in calculating time constants which impact armature current and field current decaying. Especially transient characteristics have a significant impact to the current generated in the event of a short circuit fault. Also sub transient characteristic also is important in designing a perfect machine considering the performance. A short circuit study indicates machines

behavior in this kind of situation and we can use these values to improve the performance for better, especially in large synchronous generators in power stations to avoid the damage that can happen from a fault.

References Google search

http://bauhaus.ece.curtin.edu.au/~em302/Lecture%20Notes/Ch6-Fifth%20EditionPart%201.pdf

EE 4092 Laboratory Practice IV

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

CALCULATIONS
a) Armature current on sudden short circuit observed oscillogram

Step 1 From oscillogram (a)

Time (ms) 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 Current (A) log (current) 1.544068044 1.431363764 1.322219295 1.301029996 1.204119983 1.176091259 1.113943352 1.113943352 1.079181246 1.079181246 1.041392685 1.041392685 1 1 1

35 27 21 20 16 15 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 10

From the graph; A = 39.8 A B =10 A

Graph 1: Log (Ia, pk) Vs. Time (ms)

X is obtained from the gap between log (Ia) and B.
1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1 log(Ia,pk) 0.8 0.6

B
0.4

0.2

0 0 20 40 60 80 Time (ms) 100 120 140 160

b) Field current variation oscillogram following a sudden three phase short circuit at the armature

Step 2 From the graph (1),

Time (ms) 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 x 0.544068 0.431364 0.322219 0.30103 0.20412 0.176091 0.113943 0.113943 0.079181 0.079181 0.041393 0.041393

Using graph ( ( ) )

Using equation

Graph 2: log (x) Vs. Time (ms)

D is obtained from the corresponding value to the ratio C/e

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

x
0.3 0.2

0.1

C/e
0 0 20 40

60 Time (ms)

80

100

120

140

c) Armature voltage oscillogram on sudden open circuit from a steady short circuit

Step 3

Using graph
Time (ms) 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 y 0.362568 0.286864 0.214719 0.23053 0.17062 0.179591 0.154443 0.191443

( (

) )

Using equation

Graph 3: log (y) Vs. Time (ms)

Value F is determined by the correspondent time value to the ratio E/e

0.4

y 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2

E
0.15

0.1

E/e
0.05

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (ms) 140

d) Armature current oscillogram of a sudden short circuit

Step 4

From the graph

(Ia, + ve peak) + (Ia, -ve peak) 70 54 42 40 32 30 26 26 24 24 22 22 20 20 20

Time (ms) 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145

Graph 4: (Ia, + ve peak) + (Ia, -ve peak) (A) Vs. Time (ms)
Value F is determined by the correspondent time value to the ratio E/e

80

70

60

50 (Ia, + ve peak) + (Ia, -ve peak)

40

30

20

10

G/e

0 0 20 40

60

80 Time (ms)

100

120

140

160

Recap of derived values;

Vs Xd X''d T'd X'd T"d T'do T''do Ta 58.54 V 8.29 2.08 92ms 7.16 84 ms 106.52 ms 289.15 ms 120 ms