Course 204-500 11/01/06

Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

Exercise E204-S01-EXR-DFT.wpd

Introduction to Rolling Element Bearing Construction and Terminology

Objectives
Identify the major components of the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer. Given the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer, its Use Guide, and a deep groove ball bearing, identify the bearing components.

Performance Standard
Define and demonstrate the terms identified in italics within this exercise with 100% accuracy.

Foundation Competencies
Use of hand tools

Required Background Reading

IPTs Industrial Trades Training Manual, pages 162 and 164. (DAC, #510-000)

Tools Required
Combination or socket wrench set

Components Required
DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer, #204, including basic components and hardware Bearing Maintenance Trainer Use Guide, #204-500

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Introductory Discussion
Bearings are machine parts in which other parts turn or slide. They are found in every type of moving machinery. Bearings carry out three basic functions: carry load , reduce friction , and they position a moving element. There are two general types of bearings: rolling-element bearings, which contain balls or rollers and are also known as anti-friction bearings, and sliding surface bearings, in which one surface of the bearing slides over another surface. This trainer focuses on the designs and functions of rolling element bearings. Rolling element bearings are made up of four essential parts: the outer ring, the inner ring, the balls or rolling elements, and the retainer. The bearings are generally constructed with one or two rows of specially hardened steel balls or rollers positioned between the inner and outer rings, which may also be called races. The term race or raceway actually refers to the surface on the ring that the rolling element touches as the bearing turns. A retainer, also referred to as a separator or cage (these terms are interchangeable), holds the rollers or balls in place and ensures the amount of load on each element is equalized when the bearing is turning.

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Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

Rolling element bearings can be divided into five main categories: ball bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, tapered roller bearing, and spherical roller bearings.

Ball bearings can support both radial loads (perpendicular to the shaft) and axial loads (parallel to the shaft). For lightly-loaded bearings, balls offer lower friction than rollers. Ball bearings can operate when the bearing races are misaligned. Common roller bearings use cylinders of slightly greater length than diameter. Roller bearings typically have higher radial load capacity than ball bearings, but a lower axial capacity and higher friction under axial loads. If the inner and outer races are misaligned, the bearing capacity often drops quickly compared to either a ball bearing or a spherical roller bearing. Needle roller bearings use very long and thin cylinders. Since the rollers are thin, the outside diameter of the bearing is only slightly larger than the hole in the middle. However, the small-diameter rollers must bend sharply where they contact the races, and thus the bearing fatigues relatively quickly.

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Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

Tapered roller bearings use conical rollers that run on conical races. Most roller bearings only take radial loads, but taper roller bearings support both radial and axial loads, and generally can carry higher loads than ball bearings due to greater contact area. Taper roller bearings are used, for example, as the wheel bearings of most cars, trucks, buses, and so on. The disadvantages to the tapered roller bearings are that they are usually more expensive than ball bearings; under heavy loads the tapered roller is like a wedge and bearing loads tend to try to eject the roller; and the force from the collar which keeps the roller in the bearing adds to bearing friction compared to ball bearings. Spherical roller bearings use rollers that are thicker in the middle and thinner at the ends; the race is shaped to match. Spherical roller bearings can thus adjust to support misaligned loads. However, spherical rollers are difficult to produce and thus are more expensive, and the bearings have higher friction than a comparable ball bearing since different parts of the spherical rollers run at different speeds on the rounded race and thus there are opposing forces along the bearing/race contact.

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Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

Performance Steps
Step 1. Identify the basic components Maintenance Trainer. of the DAC Bearing

Use the Arrangement/Assembly Drawing to identify the following components of the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer training aid (product #204): T T T T T T T T T The The The The The The The The The baseplate mounting brackets (4) stub shafts (4) shaft locknuts (3) shaft lockwashers (2) adapter sleeves (2) withdrawal sleeve (1) shaft seal (1) bearings

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Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

If the extended version of the Bearing Maintenance Trainer was purchased, use the Arrangement/Assembly Drawing to identify the additional components of the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer training aid (product #204E): T T T T The The The The 24-inch, multi-land shaft pillow block bearings (2) large pillow block subbase (1) small pillow block subbase (1)

Step 2.

Use the drawing below to identify the major parts of a deep groove ball bearing.

Locate the deep groove ball bearing #6006, which is part of the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer package. Identify the ball. The balls in a deep groove ball bearing normally consist of hardened steel. These rolling elements allow the bearing to carry a load with minimal wear, while reducing friction. Identify the outer ring . The outer ring, or shell, of a ball bearing (usually made of hardened steel) comprises the outermost portion of the bearing and protect the balls inside. Identify the outer ring land . The outer ring land is the outer track on which the balls in a ball bearing rotate. Identify the inner ring land . The inner ring land is the inner track on which the balls in a ball bearing rotate.

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Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

Identify the inner ring corner . The inner ring corner refers to the inside surface of the ball bearing. Identify the inner ring . The inner ring, or inside surface, of a ball bearing (usually made of hardened steel) comprises the exposed interior portion of the bearing and protects the balls inside. Identify the separator . The separator or retainer is the metal cage that directly covers the ball, inside the bearing. Assemble the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer for use. Use the Arrangement/Assembly drawing and the photo below as a reference to assemble the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer.

Step 3.

Required tools, components and hardware: T 9/16" combination or socket wrench T 7/16" combination or socket wrench T (12) 3/8-16 x 3/4" bolts T (12) 3/8" flat washers T (8) 1/4-20 x 3/4" bolts T (8) 1/4" lock washers T (2) stub shafts - stub shaft #2 and #4 T baseplate T (3) mounting brackets Bolt a mounting bracket onto each end of the baseplate, so that the shaft openings in the brackets are facing outward.

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Rolling Element Bearing Maintenance Exercise Guide

Bolt the third mounting bracket onto the bracket located on the right side of the baseplate. Mount this bracket so that the shaft opening is facing toward you. Install stub shaft #4 into the mounting bracket located on the left side of the baseplate so that the shaft is extending away from the baseplate. Install stub shaft #2 into the mounting bracket located on the right side of the baseplate so that the shaft is extending away from the baseplate and toward you.

Summary
You have now learned to identify the components of the DAC Bearing Maintenance Trainer, and the most widely used rolling element bearing, the deep groove ball bearing, and its components. An understanding of rolling element bearings is important to any industrial maintenance program, since proper maintenance of bearings is an important factor in the trouble-free, efficient operation of industrial equipment. Your knowledge of the DAC Bearing Trainer components will be needed as you continue with the exercises that follow.

Optional Tasks
None

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Resources
Basaraba, Bruce M., IPTs Industrial Trades Training Manual. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: IPT Publishing and Training, Ltd., 1989.

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Review Questions
Answer the following questions from the Industrial Trades Training Manual, (DAC, #510-000) at the end of Section 4. Circle the correct answer or write the answers in the space provided. Name: #1 Date:

Roller bearings are commonly referred to as anti-friction bearings because: (a) there is no measurable friction in the rolling members (b) there is less friction during startup in roller bearings than there is in friction bearings (c) as the rolling members increase in speed the friction becomes less (d) none of the above

#2

Balls and rollers are held to diametral tolerances of within the bearing. (a) (b) (c) (d) 0.001 inch 0.0001 inch 0.010 inch 0.100 inch

or less

#3

Identify the five types of rolling elements. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

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