TUTORIAL 1  COMPLEX ANALYSIS II

EPIPHANY 2012

1)

(a) Write down a parametrisation for the line

from the point

2i

to the point

1, t

where

t [0, 1]. 1
to

(b) Write down a reparametrisation (see Handout 1) for the line (i.e.,

in (a), when

runs from

t [1, 2]). ,
that is, the line in (a) with the opposite orientation.

(c) Write down a parametrisation for

Solution: (a) (t) = 2i + t(1 2i), where t [0, 1]. (b) When t runs from 1 to 2, h(t) = t 1 runs from 0 to 1, so we can reparametrise (t) as
(t) = (h(t)) = (t 1) = 2i + (t 1)(1 2i) = 1 + 4i + t(1 2i), t [1, 2].

(c) (t) = (1 t) = 2i + (1 t)(1 2i) = 1 + t(1 + 2i), for t [0, 1].

2) Let

be the curve given by the parametrisation

(t) =

2eit for t [0, 1], 6 + 4t for t [1, 2]. {z C | | z | =

Draw the curve and indicate its orientation. Explain why it is a contour. Give a parametrisation, similar to the one for

(t),

of the positively oriented contour given by the semicircle

1, Re z 0}

together with the line from

to

i.

Solution: It is a path because it is the join of a semicircle and a line, both of which are smooth curved. Moreover, it is a contour because it is simple (does not intersect itself) and closed (the initial point equals the end point). To parametrise the contour mentioned, rst treat the semicircle. It can be parametrised for instance by
(t) = eit/2 , t [1, 1].

Furthermore, the line from i to i can be parametrised by (t) = i 2it, for t [0, 1], but this range for t overlaps with that for the semicircle and we need to nd a reparametrisation of the line which works simultaneously with the above parametrisation for the semicircle, for example one where the range of t is [1, 2]. We can reparametrise the line as
(t) = (t 1) = i 2i(t 1) = 3i 2it, t [1, 2].

Thus a parametrisation for the contour is

(t) = eit/2 (t) = 3i 2it for t [1, 1], for t [1, 2].

3) Compute the following integrals (a)

1 z2

dz ,

where

is the line from

to i.

(b)

zz dz ,

where

is the the circle with radius

r,

centred at the origin.

Solution: (a) We can parametrise as (t) = i + 2it, where t [0, 1], so we get

1 1 (i + 2it)2 2i dt = [(i + 2it)1 ]1 ((i)1 ) = i + i = 2i. 0 = (i) 0

dz =

(b) A parametrisation for the circle is given by (t) = reit , for t [0, 2 ]. Hence

zz dz =
0

reit reit rieit dt =

0

r3 ieit dt = r3 i
0

eit dt = r3 i

eit i

= r3 r3 = 0.
0

4) Compute the integral

z dz,

where

is the square with corners at the points

1 + i, 1 + i, 1 i, 1 i (run through anticlockwise).

Solution: Let 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 be the four sides of the square parametrised as follows:

1 (t) = i t, 2 (t) = 1 it, 3 (t) = i + t, 4 (t) = 1 + it,

where in each of the four cases, t runs through the interval [1, 1]. We have

1

z dz =
1 1 1

i t(1) dt = 2i, 1 it(i) dt = 2i,

1 1

z dz =
2

z dz =
3 1 1

i + t dt = 2i, 1 + it(i) dt = 2i.

1

z dz =
4

4 This implies that z dz = i=1 i z dz = 8i. (Note that the function f (z ) = z runs through the same values when z runs through each of the sides i , and therefore the four integrals are the same.)