Complete the table in simple past.

Affirmative
The ship disappeared.

Negative

Interrogative

He did not criticize you. Was Amy depressed? She did not teach in London. Did the passengers panic? Write sentences in simple past. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Jim / his head / cover she / the chapter / copy not / the clouds / disappear he / to our question / refer __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

not / we / our punishment / escape _____________________________________________

Ask for the bold part of the sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. He clicked the mouse button. Robby Robber robbed a bank. The house burnt down. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

The children respected their teacher._________________________________________ They welcomed the new pupil warmly._________________________________________

Write the following sentences with the kind of future you consider is right: 1. El prximo lunes no vamos a tener clase de Ingls 2. Nos vamos a graduar en 2014 3. Medelln va a tener un tren areo para transporte pblico 4. Algn da voy a ir a Grecia 5. Milena se va a casar maana por la tarde.

You are going to read a magazine article about television. For Questions choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
Dear Editor I am writing with regards to the article 'Is the TV Dead?' that appeared in your newspaper on the 4th March. The author claimed that with the rise of the Internet, the TV was becoming less and less significant in our lives. I find it very difficult to agree with this view. The TV is still the main way most of us get our entertainment at home. It offers us the chance to see top musical artists, great films and documentaries and occasionally, thanks to important televised events, it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way the Internet never could. Your article was particularly critical of the TV for the poor quality of programmes available on the many channels we now have. It is certainly true that many of the channels offer nothing more than repeats or low budget programmes. However, I would argue that the majority of content on the Internet is also of questionable quality. I agree with the writer that it is easy to keep up-todate with the latest news on the Internet, but I'm sure most of us still enjoy sitting down to the News on TV in the evening just as much. The writer is correct in stating that the Internet has become our major source for research and I think this is its main strength. However, criticising the TV for not being as good is totally unfair. Information programmes like documentaries are made for their potential as entertainment not as research tools and as such will continue to be popular with viewers. So in conclusion I don't think the writer should be so quick to write the TV off. On the contrary, I think it has many more years left in it! Yours sincerely Samantha Johnson 1. Why is the person writing this letter to the newspaper? a. to make a complaint b. to offer a different point of view c. to encourage people to watch more TV d. to persuade people to not use the Internet 2. What do we learn about the writer's opinion of TV? a. It is useful as a reference tool b. It is excellent entertainment c. It is suffering because of the Internet d. The quality of programmes is a problem 3. Which of the following is seen as a problem with TV? a. the quality of some of the programmes b. the lack of entertainment programmes c. its poor use as a reference tool d. its unpopularity with younger people 4. What does the writer think is the best use of the Internet? a. to buy products b. to be entertained c. to get the latest news d. to find things out 5. Which of the following words describes how the writer feels about TV? a. pleased b. excited c. confused d. worried

Multiple choice cloze

For Questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.

Lucky Escape
After having saved for years the Clarke family were finally in a position to see their dream come true. They (1) ........ ready to travel from Scotland to start a new life (2) ........ America. The (3) ........ family were very excited about their (4) ........ by ship across the Atlantic. However, just days before their departure, one of their sons was bitten by a dog. Their plans fell through when they were told they (5) ........ not be able to travel because of the possibility (6) ........ boy could have rabies. The family were devastated and the father went to the docks to watch the ship that he had hoped would (7)........ them to their new life depart. As he stood on the harbour thinking about his son, he watched the ship and wondered (8) ........ the family would ever get to make the journey. However, soon (9) ........ this disappointment the father discovered how fortunate the family had been. The son did not have rabies and a few days later the news came (10) ........ the ship the Clarke family should have been on had sunk. The Titanic had gone down with hundreds of people losing their lives. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. a. was a, on a. total a. trip a. could a. some a. move a. why a. since a. that b. were b. at b. whole b. going b. had b. one b. take b. how b. when b. which c. had c. in c. all c. travel c. would c. a c. travel c. if c. until c. when d. been d. to d. altogether d. journey d. should d. the d. pick up d. because d. after d. how

You are going to read a magazine article about environment. Put F if the statement is False or T if it is True

How to Save Petrol and the Environment

We are all aware of the need to protect the environment but sometimes it's difficult for us to do the right thing. For example, if you're a motorist the convenience of jumping in the car to go somewhere is balanced against the knowledge of how harmful each journey can be. But did you know that making a few simple changes to your driving habits will not only do less damage to our world but will also save you money and could even be good for your health? Do you really need to take the car? Try making more use of public transport. If the service is frequent and reliable you'll soon get used to using buses and trains. In fact, for shorter journeys why not take the opportunity to get into shape and go on foot. Share the journey How often do you see cars with just one occupant with the driver making the same journey as others living nearby? Why not car share and half the cost of the journey? There are several websites where people can swap details and make arrangements to meet up. Change your habits When you must use the car plan your journey so you can go to all the places you need to visit rather taking the car out again and again. If you get caught in a traffic jam switch off the engine when you're stationary for a long time. Try not to brake too sharply or accelerate too quickly as this will lead to you using up more fuel. On cold mornings don't warm up the engine before you start your journey and when you next put fuel in your car think about whether you really need to fill up the tank. All that extra weight will put more pressure on the engine. Servicing Make sure you carry out basic maintenance like checking the tyre pressure regularly. Finally, keep your car regularly serviced so that it runs as efficiently as possible. Steps like this will save you money and help you do your bit to protect the environment.

1. Drivers don't care about the environment. 2. Changing the way you drive has more than one benefit. 3. The service on public transport is always good. 4. You should walk when going somewhere nearby. 5. If you travel with someone else it will save you money. 6. Avoid sharing personal details on the Internet. 7. Try to make one journey rather than lots of short ones. 8. Braking quickly is the safest way to drive. 9. Don't leave the car running before you start a journey. 10. Filling the car with fuel will save you money.

F F F F F F F F F F

T T T T T T T T T T

You are going to read a magazine article about the Web. For Questions choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

BE WEB WISE
Protect your computer, by all means, but don't forget to protect yourself, advises web safety expert, Amanda Knox. We're always being urged to stay safe online. But in an era where the internet is part of our everyday lives - for work, fun, study, shopping, even managing finances - it's not always easy to spot the dangers. Web safety expert, Amanda Knox, explores some of the issues lurking in cyberspace. Her first piece of advice is to install software and a firewall to protect your computer from viruses, hackers and criminals who want to steal your data or financial information. "Think of these as your first line of defence," says Amanda. So much for protecting yourself against intruders, but what about other problems? Say you've accidentally deleted an important file or you've been at the mercy of a natural disaster. Katy Marsh runs an online photography business from home and when a fire destroyed part of her house it could easily have spelled ruin for her business too. "Luckily I keep a regular back-up of my data so it wasn't a catastrophe." Amanda advises that while back-ups are good to have we must ensure we protect our computers to start with. Whilst most of us are aware of the need to protect our computers, it seems we're more lax when it comes to looking out for ourselves, at least according to a recent web awareness survey. Web safety specialists say better personal awareness is needed and this is due in part to the rise of 'Social Networking' sites like 'Bebo', 'MySpace' and 'Facebook', which allow us to connect with people around the world with similar interests and professional backgrounds. Chris Simpson, a computer programmer, learnt the hard way. "I joined a free online networking group in the hope of making some professional contacts to help me find a new job. After a month, one of my online contacts invited me to take out a subscription to a club that promised access to a network of job recruiters. It turned out to be a waste of money. I ended up a laughing stock with my mates - they couldn't believe that someone in my job could get taken in so easily." No wonder then that Amanda warns, "It's easy to get complacent and let our guard down when we meet someone with the same interests online." This brings us to other potential pitfalls. Are the people you meet online who they really claim to be? Can you be sure the person you're chatting with is in fact a 22-year-old Maths undergraduate from London and not someone merely masquerading as a student to win your trust? Khaled, a postgrad from Manchester University, quickly realised that it was unwise of him to post his phone number and email address in the public forum of an online academic discussion group. He was soon bombarded with unwanted emails and nuisance phone calls. Yet, it's astonishing how many highly educated people do this without considering the consequences that anyone in the world could use the information to make (unwanted) contact. When networking and joining online communities it's better to be cautious about the amount of personal information you share. For example, it isn't always necessary to use your real name as a username when registering for a service. You could instead use a pseudonym, or a name that doesn't give away your real identity to other users. And is it really important to tell the world details about your school, college or any local clubs you're a member of? Sometimes it pays to be

a little vague and simply say something like 'I'm studying at college in Madrid at the moment and I'm a member of a local tennis club'. If you do experience problems from another user be prepared to report them for misusing the service. You'll be doing other users a favour too. And if all else fails, check to see if it is easy to delete your account and leave the service if you choose to and that you have the option to delete all your details. A general rule of thumb is not to post any information about yourself that you would not be happy for the world to know - not just now but in years to come. This includes photographs of yourself, particularly embarrassing shots of you at that party which you may later regret! It's not always easy to remove information after it's been posted so you - not to mention your future employer may have an unpleasant surprise a few years down the line. 1. In the second paragraph the phrase 'first line of defence' suggests something a. is the only option. b. offers protection. c. is an instruction. d. shows weakness. 2. The effect of the fire was a. worse for Katy's business than her home. b. to ruin Katy's business. c. not as serious for Katy's business as it could have been. d. to make Katy start to back up her data. 3. According to the web awareness survey, our attitude to our personal safety is rather a. relaxed. b. concerned. c. positive. d. uncertain. 4. Chris first joined the networking group a. because it promised him a job. b. in order to make friends and have fun. c. to assist him in a job search. d. because it didn't cost him anything. 5. Regarding Khaled's experience, the writer is surprised that a. people telephone complete strangers. b. people don't think of the results of their actions online. c. university students take part in online discussions. d. people sent emails to Khaled without asking permission. 6. What tip does the writer give for joining an online community? a. Always use a false name. b. Make sure you are properly registered. c. Limit the information you give to others. d. Tell other users where you're studying. 7. The writer says that you should report troublesome users a. only if nothing else works. b. because other people will benefit. c. so you can stop using the service. d. if you want to delete your own details. 8. In the final paragraph, the writer advises people a. not to put photos online. b. to apply for a job online. c. not to have any personal information online. d. to consider what may cause problems in the future.

Multiple choice cloze

For Questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. Example: (0) A situation B place C position D site

Environmental Concerns Earth is the only (0) ... we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) ... human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) ... on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so (3) ... to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (4) ... resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5) ... built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (6) ... We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (7) ... the planet's ability to support people is being (8) ... at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (9) ... increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's (10) ... resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (11) ... us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (12) ... indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will suffer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. a. Although a. continues a. already a. alone a. sooner a. quite a. development a. stopped a. doing a. natural a. hold a. last b. Still b. repeats b. just b. individual b. neither b. greatly b. result b. narrowed b. having b. real b. maintain b. stand c. Yet c. carries c. for c. lone c. either c. utterly c. reaction c. reduced c. taking c. living c. stay c. go d. Despite d. follows d. entirely d. only d. rather d. completely d. product d. cut d. making d. genuine d. keep d. remain

Read the following text and choose the best answer.

Extract
Six months ago I made a rash promise. The leader of the youth club in our village had rung me in March saying, "We're thinking of running a children's playscheme for a day in October half-term. Would you be prepared to help?" My response was "Sure, why not?" In truth I was a little flattered to be asked, even though working as a care assistant with old people hardly qualified me for the role. Still, I duly put the date in my diary and of course I forgot all about it. I don't know if you've noticed this but time has a habit of speeding along faster than a police car chasing a robber and, before I knew it, the dreaded day was dawning. I arrived at the youth centre that morning feeling full of trepidation. There was a gang of 12 helpers including me, split into pairs, and each pair had been allocated a particular age group. Mine was the 10 to 11 year olds. Even with the planning meeting I had attended the week before, I worried about whether I was up to the task. Why hadn't I read through the copious lesson plans we were given beforehand? And wasn't the average 10-year-old more interested in the latest electronic game than making things with paper and glue? All too quickly the children began arriving. The look of relief on parents' faces as they handed their offspring over to us was almost comical. A handful of the children were already members of the club but the other forty five or so were from the local primary schools. One or two looked tearful but the rest were in high spirits. Again I asked myself why I had elected to spend a day with all these 'little monsters' especially when I have two all of my own to contend with! I needn't have worried of course as it turned out to be a marvellous day. We watched entertaining dvd clips, learned 'action' songs, made clay pyramids, kneaded bread, decorated biscuits, played memory games and spent some time in quiet reflection. I say 'we' because I rediscovered my inner child and joined in all the activities with glee. The particular highlight for me was a rousing rendition of "He's got the whole world in his hands" in the closing part of the day. The children already knew the words and actions off by heart and sang so loudly it was almost enough to bring the roof down. It's difficult to explain those moments; only that the body tingles with the pleasure of having witnessed something so magical. Of course there were also moments of great poignancy. I found it difficult to stop thinking of one little girl, who mentioned oh-so-casually that her mum was in hospital and would be there for a long time. It's easy for us adults to idealise childhood and forget that some children have their own burden of anxieties and concerns. When I got home utterly exhausted, still with modelling clay under my fingernails, I reflected on what a privilege it had been. There was one disappointment for the children and that was that the playscheme was only running for a day, and not the whole week. As I said farewell to my group, one of the children turned and said, "Can we do it again in the next holiday, Miss?" My response was, "Sure, why not?"

1. When the offer of the job was made the writer A. felt she had made a mistake to agree. B. thought she had appropriate experience for the job. C. believed she shouldn't have been asked. D. gave the impression she wasn't sure about accepting the job. 2. When the day arrived the writer was surprised A. that the day had come round so quickly. B. because she'd forgotten to write down the date. C. because she witnessed a car chase on the way. D. that she woke up at dawn. 3. When the writer arrived to start her job she A. put the children into pairs. B. realised she should have done more preparation. C. felt confident she could deal with 10 and 11 year olds. D. saw the children had brought their own electronic games to play with. 4. According to the writer, the parents were A. happy to stay with their children all day. B. worried about children from the other schools. C. nervous that their children might not behave themselves. D. glad to leave their children.

5. The writer needn't have worried because A. the children were quiet during the day. B. the children weren't doing messy activities. C. she had fun herself. D. the time passed quickly. 6. The writer's best moment A. occurred in the middle of the day. B. took her by surprise. C. was hard to put into words. D. was when the day was over. 7. According to the writer, adults A. think that being a child is a privilege. B. sometimes forget that children have worries too. C. are usually exhausted by bringing up their children. D. don't have a stressful life. 8. What is the writer's attitude by the end of the day? A. She could imagine doing the job again next time. B. She was sad to say good bye to the chidlren. C. She was disappointed with the experience. D. She hopes the playscheme will be longer in future.

You are going to read a magazine article about crime prevention. For Questions 1-8, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. A recent survey of crime statistics shows that we are all more likely to be burgled now than 20 years ago and the police advise everyone to take a few simple precautions to protect their homes. The first fact is that burglars and other intruders prefer easy opportunities, like a house which is very obviously empty. This is much less of a challenge than an occupied house, and one which is well-protected. A burglar will wonder if it is worth the bother. There are some general tips on how to avoid your home becoming another crime statistic. Avoid leaving signs that your house is empty. When you have to go out, leave at least one light on as well as a radio or television, and do not leave any curtains wide open. The sight of your latest music centre or computer is enough to tempt any burglar. Never leave a spare key in a convenient hiding place. The first place a burglar will look is under the doormat or in a flower pot and even somewhere more 'imaginative' could soon be uncovered by the intruder. It is much safer to leave a key with a neighbour you can trust. But if your house is in a quiet, desolate area be aware that this will be a burglar's dream, so deter any potential criminal from approaching your house by fitting security lights to the outside of your house. But what could happen if, in spite of the aforementioned precautions, a burglar or intruder has decided to target your home? Windows are usually the first point of entry for many intruders. Downstairs windows provide easy access while upstairs windows can be reached with a ladder or by climbing up the drainpipe. Before going to bed you should double-check that all windows and shutters are locked. No matter how small your windows may be, it is surprising what a narrow gap a determined burglar can manage to get through. For extra security, fit window locks to the inside of the window. What about entry via doors? Your back door and patio doors, which are easily forced open, should have top quality security locks fitted. Even though this is expensive it will be money well spent. Install a burglar alarm if you can afford it as another line of defence against intruders. A sobering fact is that not all intruders have to break and enter into a property. Why go to the trouble of breaking in if you can just knock and be invited in? Beware of bogus officials or workmen and, particularly if you are elderly, fit a chain and an eye hole so you can scrutinise callers at your leisure. When you do have callers never let anybody into your home unless you are absolutely sure they are genuine. Ask to see an identity card, for example. If you are in the frightening position of waking in the middle of the night and think you can hear an intruder, then on no account should you approach the intruder. Far better to telephone the police and wait for help. 1 A well-protected house: A is less likely to be burgled. B is regarded as a challenge by most criminals. C is a lot of bother to maintain. D is very unlikely to be burgled. 2 According to the writer, we should: A avoid leaving our house empty. B only go out when we have to. C always keep the curtains closed. D give the impression that our house is occupied when we go out. 3 The writer thinks that hiding a key under a doormat or flower pot: A is a predictable place to hide it. B is a useful place to hide it. C is imaginative. D is where you always find a spare key.

4 The 'aforementioned precautions' refer to steps that: A will tell a burglar if your house is empty or not. B are the most important precautions to take to make your home safe. C will stop a potential burglar. D will not stop an intruder if he has decided to try and enter your home. 5 Gaining entry to a house through a small window: A is surprisingly difficult. B is not as difficult as people think. C is less likely to happen than gaining entry through a door. D is tried only by very determined burglars.

6 According to the writer, window locks, security locks and burglar alarms: A cost a lot of money but are worth it. B are good value for money. C are luxury items. D are absolutely essential items. 7 The writer argues that fitting a chain and an eye hole: A will prevent your home being burgled. B avoids you having to invite people into your home. C is only necessary for elderly people. D gives you time to check if the visitor is genuine. 8 The best title for the text is: A Increasing household crime. B Protecting your home from intruders C What to do if a burglar breaks into your home. D Burglary statistics.

Multiple Choice Cloze For Questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space

How to Have Perfect Posture

Next time you take a look in the mirror, try standing sideways on. Do you see a long elegant back or are your shoulders as rounded as the hump of a camel? Bad posture normally starts in our teenage years when we slouch around with our (0) ..................... trying to look cool. But (1) ............ up those who now while away their days sitting in front of a computer where its (2) ............... too easy to neglect something as essential as good posture. As we grow older these poor (3) .................. are exacerbated, but by taking (4) ......... immediately we can not only look and feel better but protect our body for the future. Make sure you sleep on a firm mattress at night. (5) .......... lying flat on your back; instead try sleeping in a curled position on your side. The (6) .............. revival in platform shoes doesnt help and wearing shoes with heels more than (7) .............. centimetres high is just asking for (8) ............... Dont load everything into a bag that you wear on one shoulder or youll end up lopsided. (9) ............... the weight evenly by wearing a rucksack or even a bag around your waist. When you get home from a days studying or work its all too (10) .................. to slump on the sofa in front of the telly. Sitting in this way (11).............. feel comfortable but it prevents you from breathing properly. Try to sit (12) ................ with the stomach pulled firmly in.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

a. head a. so a. customs a. course a. evade a. existing a. various a. concern a. scatter a. enticing a. may a. level

b. feet b. quite b. habits b. something b. prevent b. topical b. several b. problem b. circulate b. attractive b. could b. erect

c. eyes c. all c. rituals c. moves c. avoid c. contemporary c. considerable c. trouble c. disseminate c. irresistible c. will c. vertical

d. hands d. rather d. practices d. action d. restrain d. current d. numerous d. fuss d. distribute d. tempting d. should d. upright

Read the passage and choose the option that best answer each question.
Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300, and by the year 2025 their population is estimated to be down to zero. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is part of what is causing the problem of extinction. Animals like the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are a valuable part of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival, and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. With the money they get, they can invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This seems fairly effective, but it will not, by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. the Bengal tiger B. international boycotts C. endangered species D. problems with industrialization 2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "alarming" in line 6? A. dangerous B. serious C. gripping D. distressing 3. Which of the following could best replace the word "case" as used in line 6? A. act B. situation C. contrast D. trade 4. The word "poachers" as used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the following? A. illegal hunters B. enterprising researchers C. concerned scientists D. trained hunters 5. The word "callousness" in line 9 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. indirectness B. independence C. incompetence D. insensitivity 6. The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast A. a problem and a solution B. a statement and an illustration C. a comparison and a contrast D. specific and general information 7. What does the word "this" refer to in line 9? A. endangered species that are increasing B. Bengal tigers that are decreasing C. poachers who seek personal gratification D. sources that may not be accurate 8. Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction? A. Since the world . . . down to zero. B. What is alarming . . . personal gratification. C. Country around . . . for support. D. With the money . . . dangered species.

9. Which of the following could best replace the word "allocated" in line 17? A. set aside B. combined C. organized D. taken off 10. The word "defray" in line 19 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. lower B. raise C. make a payment on D. make an investment toward

11. The author uses the phrase "stem the tide" in line 22-23 to mean A. touch B. stop C. tax D. save 12. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude? A. forgiving B. concerned C. vindictive D. surprised

You are going to read some passages; read them and try to put the correct grammatical form into the gap
1. According to the third law of thermodynamics, .. possible is 273.16 degrees centigrade. (A). that temperature is lowest (B). the temperature is lowest (C). lowest temperature (D). the lowest temperature 2. After the First World War, the author Anais Nin became interested in the art movement known as Surrealism and in psychoanalysis, both .. her novels and short stories. (A). in which the influence (B). of which influence (C). to have influence (D). its influence in 3. Muskrats generally . close to the edge of a bog, where their favorite plant foods grow plentifully. (A). staying (B). they are staying (C). stay (D). to stay there 4. Oliver Ellsworth, . of the United States Supreme Court, was the author of the bill that established the federal court system. (A). he was the third chief justice (B). the third chief justice was (C). who the third chief justice (D). the third chief justice 5. . Colonial period the great majority of Connecticuts settlers came from England. (A). Since (B). The time (C). During the (D). It was 6. A politician can make a legislative proposal more . by giving specific examples of what its effect will be. (A). to understanding (B). understandably (C). understandable (D). when understood 7. Playing the trumpet with dazzling originality, .. dominated jazz for 20 years. (A). Louis Armstrong (B). the influence of Louis Armstrong (C). the music of Louis Armstrong (D). Louis Armstrongs talent 8. Before every presidential election in the United States, the statisticians try to guess the proportion of the population that . for each candidate. (A). are voted (B). voting (C). to be voted (D). will vote 9. .. at a river ford on the Donner pass route to California, the city of Reno grew as bridges and railroads were built. (A). Settle (B). To settle (C). It was settling (D). Having been settled 10. The air inside a house or office building often has higher concentrations of contaminants .. heavily polluted outside air. (A). than does (B). more (C). as some that are (D). like of

11. The decimal numeral system is one of the . ways of expressing numbers. (A). useful most worlds (B). worlds most useful (C). useful worlds most (D). most worlds useful 12. Emily Dickinsons garden was a place great inspiration for her poems. (A). that she drew (B). by drawing her (C). from which she drew (D). drawn from which 13. The mountains surrounding Los Angeles effectively shield the city from the hot, dry winds of the Mojave Desert, the circulation of air. (A). but they also prevent

(B). also prevented by them (C). and also to prevent (D). and also preventing 14. Not only to determine the depth of the ocean floor, but it is also used to locate oil. (A). to use seismology (B). is seismology used (C). seismology is used (D). using seismology 15. Nebraska has floods in some years, . (A). in others drought (B). drought are others (C). while other droughts (D). others in drought