Chapter 10:

CIRCLES
 Sub CHAPTER:

10.1 PARTS OF A CIRCLE

What is the locus of a moving
object such that its distance
from a fixed point is always
constant?
 Is the ratio of the circumference to
the diameter of the ‘ear’ greater
than or less than the same ratio for
the ‘face’ ?

circumference
diameter

circumference
diameter
Class Activity
circumference
Object Circumference Diameter
diameter

Apparatus:
For any circle,
Greek letter
circumference  is a constant
diameter

Usually π is taken to be approximately

equal to 3.14 (2 d.p.) or
Introduced by
3.142 (3 d.p.) or William Jones
in 1706
22
7
 π = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510
5
In 2004, it took more than 500 hours for a supercomputer to 8
generate pi to 1.3511 trillion decimal places 2
0
. 9
7
4
9
4
pi 4
5
9
2
3
0
7
8
1
6
4
9074660328231568084128976071124352843082689980268260
• current world record
holder for the memorization
of π .
• in October 2006, he took 16

hours to recite π to 100 000

d.p.
π
3.142
3
 Formula FOR circumference
circumference
=π
diameter
×
Circumference = π × diameter
Circumference = π × (2 ×radius)

circumference = πd or

circumference = 2πr
 circumference
Find the circumference of a
circle, given its:
a) diameter
b) radius
Example 1:
Find the circumference of a circle with diameter:
22
[
(a) 14 mm π = 7
7 ] (b) 0.7 cm ( π = 3.142
3.142 )

14 mm 0.7 cm

Solution: Solution:
circumference = π d circumference = πd

22 14
2
= 3.142 × 0.7
= ×
7 = 2.199 cm
= 44 mm (3 d.p.)
Example 2:
Find the circumference of a circle with radius:
22
(a) 7 cm [ π =
7 ] (b) 0.5 mm (π =
3.142)

7 cm 0.5 mm

Solution: Solution:
circumference = 2πr circumference = 2πr
= 2(3.142)( 0.5)
22
= 2x x7 = 3.142 mm
7
(3 d.p.)
= 44 cm
Example:
Find the perimeter of the diagram , in cm. (Take π = 3.142 )

70 m Length of the semicircle

= πd
2
= 3.142 x 70
2
= 109.97

Perimeter of the diagram

= 70 + 109.97
= 179.97 m
Find the :

a) diameter
b) radius

given the circumference of a circle.

Example: Example:
(a) Given that the circumference (b) Given that the circumference
of a circle is 66 cm. Find the of a circle is 20π cm. Find the
diameter of the circle.
radius of the circle.
22
[π= 7 ]
Solution: Solution:

circumference = πd circumference = 2π r
circumference
d= circumference
π r=
2π
22 20π
= 66 ÷ = 2π
7
3 7
= 66 x = 10 cm
22
= 21 cm
Arc of a circle

Length of arc Angle at centre

=
Circumference 360°

Length of arc Angle at centre

=
2π r 360°
Find the arc length, given
the

a) angle at the centre

b) radius

of a circle.
 Length of arc Angle at centre
=
2π r 360°

θθ
The length of an arc = × 2π r
360
1. State the angle subtended by the arc

140o
55
o
O
O O
345o

55o 345o 140o

2. State the angle subtended by the arc

40o O
O
O
310 o

360o − 40o 360o − 310o 360o − 90o

= 320o = 50o = 270o

 Example 1:
22
Find the length of arc XY. [ Take π =
7
]

θ
X arc XY = × 2π r
360

72o 72o 22
O = × 2× ×7
7 cm
Y
360° 7

= 8.80 cm (2 d. p.)
 Example 2:
22
Find the length of arc AB. [ Take π =
7
]
A θ
arc AB = × 2π r
360

60o
O 9 300o 22
cm = × 2× ×9
B 360° 7

= 47.14 cm (2 d. p.)
 Example 3:
22
Find the perimeter [ Take π = ]
7

Perimeter = arc length + radius + radius O

21 c
m
θ
= ( 360 )
× 2πr + r + r 120o

=
(
120°
3603°
22 3
×2 × ×21
71 ) + 21 + 21

= 44 + 21 + 21
= 86 cm
Textbook, Pg. 59 No. 6:
Given : OA = 7 cm , AB = 2 cm

A 52o D

C
B

Perimeter = arc AD + arc BC + AB + CD

= ( 52°
360°
22
× 2× × 7 +
7
)( 52°
360°
×2×
22
7
)
×9 + 2+ 2

= 6.356 + 8.171 + 2 + 2
= 18.53 cm (2d.p.)
Textbook, Pg. 59 No. 7:
E

120o
A B

15.4 cm
D C

Perimeter = arc AE + AD + DC + CB + BE
1

= ( 120°
360°3
22
)
× 2 × × 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4
7

= 32.267 + 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4 + 15.4

= 93.87 cm (2d.p.)
Find the angle, given the

a) arc length
b) radius

of a circle.
Length of arc Angle at centre
=
2π r 360°

arc length
angle at the centre = × 360°
2π r
 22
Example 1: Find the angle subtended at the centre [ π =
7 ]
11
cm
7 cm
( arc length )
7 cm

θ= × 360° 2 mm
2π r
O
180
11  360o
=
22
2× ×7
7

11  180o
= = 90o
22 2
Find the radius, given the

a) arc length
b) angle at the centre

of a circle.
 Length of arc θ
=
2π r 360°
2π r × θ = ( arc length ) × 360°

2πθ r = ( arc length ) × 360°

r=
( arc length ) × 360°
2πθ
Example 1: Find the radius (use π = 3.142)

m
84
6.2
( arc length )
r = × 360°
2π θ
40 o
O

6.284  360o
=
2  3.142  40o

= 9m
Area of a Sector

Area of sector Angle at centre

=
Area of circle 360°
Area of sector θ
=
πr 2
360°
θ
area of sector = ×π r 2

360
Find the area of a sector,
given the

g) radius

i) angle at the centre

 Example 1: Find the area of the shaded region, given :

22
(a) radius = 7 cm [π= 7 ] (b) diameter = 8.4 m (π = 3.142)

O
156o

Solution: Solution:
radius = 8.4 ÷ 2 = 4.2 m
area = 270° x 22 x 7 x 7
360° 7 156°
area = x 3.142 x 4.2 x 4.2
360°
= 115.5 cm2
= 24.02 m2
 22
Example 2 : Calculate the area of the shaded region
[π= 7 ]
Solution:

cm Area of shaded region

14
O
= Area of sector − Area of triangle

= 90 × 22 × 14 × 14 − 1 ×14 ×14
360 7 2

= 154 − 98 cm2

= 56 cm2
Textbook, Pg. 72 No. 6

Solution :
cm
5 Area of shaded region
40
o

12 cm = area of larger sector − area of smaller sector

40° 22 40° 22
= × × 12 × 12 − × ×5× 5
360° 7 360° 7
= 50.286 − 8.730

= 41.56 cm2
Find the angle, given the area of the
sector

Area of sector θ
=
πr 2
360°

area of sector
θ= × 360°
πr 2
Example 1: Find the angle subtended at the centre ( use π = 3.142 )
area of sector
θ=  360o
7 cm πr2
10 cm

78.57
=  360o
O 78.57 cm2 3.142 10  10

= 90o
Find the radius, given the area of the
sector and the angle at the centre

Area of sector θ
=
πr 2
360°
θ π r = (area of sector) × 360°
2

area of sector × 360°

r =
2

θπ

area of sector × 360°

r=
θπ
 22
Example 1: Find the radius. [π= 7 ]
r= ( area × 360°) ÷ ( angle × π )
19.25 m2
22
O r = 19.25 × 360° ÷ 180° ×
7 ( )
180o

3960
= 6930 ÷
7

7
= 6930 ×
3960

= 12.25 = 3.5 m