Muscle Regions of The Body

1
lnformaLlon derlved from hLLp://www.pLcenLral.com/muscles/musclearms.hLml

Muscle 8eglons of Lhe 8ody:
Pead and neck, ages 1-12
1runk, fronL and back, ages 13-21
8rachlum, anLebrachlum & hand ages 22- 30
1hlgh, leg & fooL: ages 31-43

2

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SubocclplLal
reverLebral
AnLerolaLeral neck
Superflclal neck
AnLerlor neck
Lplcranlal
Muscles of laclal Lxpresslon
Muscles of MasLlcaLlon
LxLraocular
Laryngeal

Cbllquus caplLls lnferlor
Crlgln: splnous process of axls (C2)
lnserLlon: Lransverse process of aLlas (C1)
AcLlon: roLaLes Lhe head Lo Lhe conLracLed slde
8lood: muscular branches of verLebral arLery
nerve: subocclplLal nerve, (dorsal raml C1)

3

Cbllquus caplLls superlor
Crlgln: Lransverse process of aLlas (C1)
lnserLlon: beLween superlor and lnferlor nuchal llne of occlpuL
AcLlon:
1. bllaLerally exLends Lhe head
2. laLerally flexes Lo Lhe conLracLed slde

8ecLus caplLls posLerlor ma[or
Crlgln: splnous process of axls (C2)
lnserLlon: lnferlor nuchal llne (laLeral Lo mlnor)
AcLlon:
1. bllaLerally exLends Lhe head
2. roLaLes Lhe head Lo Lhe conLracLed slde

8ecLus caplLls posLerlor mlnor
Crlgln: posLerlor Lubercle of aLlas (C1)
lnserLlon: lnferlor nuchal llne (ad[acenL Lo mldllne)
AcLlon: bllaLerally exLends Lhe head

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Longus colll
Crlgln: lower anLerlor verLebral bodles and Lransverse processes
lnserLlon: anLerlor verLebral bodles and Lransverse processes several segmenLs above
AcLlon: flexes Lhe head and neck
8lood: muscular branches of Lhe aorLa
nerve: venLral raml C2-C6
Longus caplLls
Crlgln: upper anLerlor verLebral bodles and Lransverse processes
lnserLlon: anLerlor verLebral bodles and Lransverse processes several segmenLs above
AcLlon: flexes Lhe head and neck

8ecLus caplLls anLerlor
Crlgln: anLerlor base of Lhe Lransverse process of Lhe aLlas
lnserLlon: occlplLal bone anLerlor Lo foramen magnum
AcLlon: flexes Lhe head
nerve: venLral raml C2,3

8ecLus caplLls laLeralls
Crlgln: Lransverse process of Lhe aLlas
lnserLlon: [ugular process of Lhe occlplLal bone
AcLlon: bends Lhe head laLerally
nerve: venLral raml C2,3

4

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AnLerlor scalene
ALLachmenL A: anLerlor Lubercles of Lransverse processes of C3-C6
ALLachmenL 8: 1sL rlb
AcLlon:
lf Lransverse process flxed:
1. elevaLes Lhe rlbs for resplraLlon
lf rlbs flxed:
2. roLaLes Lo slde opposlLe of conLracLlon
4. bllaLerally flexes Lhe neck
8lood: lnferlor Lhyrold arLery (branch of Lhe Lhyrocervlcal Lrunk)

Scalenus mlnlmus (may be absenL)
ALLachmenL A: anLerlor Lubercles of Lransverse processes of C6 & 7
ALLachmenL 8: 1sL rlb and/or supraplural membrane
AcLlon:
lf rlbs flxed:
8lood: ascendlng cervlcal arLery
nerve: varlable (cervlcal and brachlal plexus)

Mlddle scalene
ALLachmenL A: Lransverse processes of all cervlcal verLebrae
ALLachmenL 8: 1sL rlb (behlnd anLerlor scalene)
AcLlon:
lf rlbs flxed:

osLerlor scalene
ALLachmenL A: posLerlor Lubercles of Lransverse processes of C3 & C6
ALLachmenL 8: 2nd and/or 3rd rlb
AcLlon:
lf rlbs flxed:

3

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SLernocleldomasLold
Crlgln: (Lwo heads)
1. manubrlum of sLernum
2. medlal porLlon of clavlcle
lnserLlon: masLold process of Lemporal bone
AcLlon:
8lood:
1. occlplLal arLery
2. superlor Lhyrold arLery
nerve:
1. moLor: splnal accessory (xl cranlal)
2. sensory: venLral raml of C2,(C3)

laLysma
Crlgln: subcuLaneous skln over delLo-pecLoral reglon
lnserLlon: lnvesLs ln Lhe skln wldely over Lhe mandlble
AcLlon:
1. depress mandlble and lower llp
2. Lenses Lhe skln over Lhe lower neck
8lood: superflclal vessels of Lhe neck
nerve: cervlcal branch of faclal nerve (vll cranlal)

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SLernohyold
Crlgln:
1. posLerlor aspecL of manubrlum
2. sLernal end of clavlcle
lnserLlon: body of hyold
AcLlon:
1. depresses hyold & larynx
2. acLs eccenLrlcally wlLh Lhe suprahyold muscles Lo provlde Lhem a sLable base
8lood:
1. lnferlor Lhyrold arLery (prlmary)
nerve:
1. upper porLlons: superlor rooL of ansa cervlcalls, C2
2. lower porLlons: lnferlor rooL of ansa cervlcalls, C2,3
Cmohyold
ALLachmenLs:
1. superlor belly: hyold bone (laLeral Lo sLernohyold)
2. lnferlor belly: superlor scapular border (medlal Lo suprascapular noLch)
boLh bellles meeL aL Lhe clavlcle & are held Lo Lhe clavlcle by a pulley Lendon
AcLlon:
8lood:
nerve:
6


SLernoLhyrold
Crlgln: posLerlor aspecL of manubrlum
lnserLlon: obllque llne of Lhyrold carLllage
AcLlon:
8lood:
nerve:

1hyrohyold
Crlgln: obllque llne of Lhyrold carLllage
lnserLlon: body of hyold
AcLlon:
1. depresses hyold
2. may asslsL ln larynx elevaLlon
8lood:
nerve:

SLylohyold
Crlgln: sLylold process of Lemporal bone
lnserLlon: laLeral margln of hyold (near greaLer horn)
AcLlon:
1. pulls Lhe hyold superlorly & posLerlorly durlng swallowlng
2. flxes Lhe hyold bone for lnfrahyold acLlon
8lood: faclal & occlplLal arLery
nerve: faclal nerve (vll cranlal)

ulgasLrlc
ALLachmenLs:
1. posL belly: masLold process of Lemporal bone
2. anLerlor belly: dlgasLrlc fossa of lnLernal mandlble
boLh bellles meeL and aLLach aL Lhe laLeral aspecL of body of hyold by a pulley Lendon
AcLlon:
1. open mouLh by depresslng mandlble
2. flxes hyold bone for lnfrahyold acLlon
8lood: branches of Lhe exLernal caroLld
nerve:
1. posLerlor belly: faclal nerve (vll cranlal)
2. anLerlor belly: mylohyold nerve
3.
Mylohyold
Crlgln: lnner surface of mandlble off Lhe mylohyold llne
lnserLlon:
1. body of hyold
7

2. along mldllne aL mylohyold raphe
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes Lhe hyold bone
2. ralses floor of mouLh (for swallowlng)
3. depresses mandlble when hyold ls flxed
8lood: llngual arLery
nerve: mylohyold nerve (branch of mandlbular dlvlslon, v3 cranlal)

Cenlohyold
Crlgln: lnner surface of Lhe mandlble off Lhe menLal splnes
lnserLlon: body of hyold (palred muscles separaLed by a sepLum)
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes Lhe Longue
2. depress Lhe mandlble
3. works wlLh mylohyold
8lood: llngual arLery
nerve: branch from C1 (followlng hypoglossal nerve)

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CcclplLalls (2 bellles)
Crlgln:
1. laLeral 2/3 of superlor nuchal llne
2. exLernal occlplLal proLuberance
lnserLlon: galea aponeurosls, over Lhe occlplLal bone
AcLlon: draws back Lhe scalp Lo ralse Lhe eyebrows and wrlnkle Lhe brow
8lood: occlplLal arLery
nerve: posLerlor aurlcular branch of faclal nerve

lronLalls (2 bellles)
Crlgln: galea aponeurosls, anLerlor Lo Lhe verLex
lnserLlon: skln above Lhe nose and eyes
AcLlon: draws back Lhe scalp Lo ralse Lhe eyebrows and wrlnkle Lhe brow
8lood: ophLhalmlc arLery
nerve: Lemporal branch of faclal nerve

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Crblcularls ocull
Crlgln:
1. orblLal porLlon: nasal process of fronLal bone
2. palpebral porLlon: palpebral llgamenL
3. lacrlmal porLlon: lacrlmal cresL of lacrlmal bone
lnserLlon: clrcumferenLlally around orblL meeLlng ln palpebral raphe
AcLlon: powerfully closes Lhe eye
nerve: zygomaLlc branch of faclal nerve

CorrugaLor supercllll
Crlgln: fronLal bone [usL above Lhe nose
lnserLlon: skln of Lhe medlal porLlon of Lhe eyebrows
AcLlon: draws Lhe eyebrows downward and medlally
nerve: zygomaLlc branch of faclal nerve

8

Crblcularls orls
Crlgln:
1. alveolar border of maxllla
2. laLeral Lo mldllne of mandlble
lnserLlon:
1. clrcumferenLlally around mouLh
2. blends wlLh oLher muscles
AcLlon:
1. closes Lhe llps
2. proLrudes Lhe llps
8lood: faclal arLery
nerve: buccal branch of faclal nerve

LevaLor labll superlorls alaeque nasl
Crlgln: fronLal process of maxllla
lnserLlon:
1. upper llp muscles
2. nasal carLllage
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes Lhe upper llp
2. flares Lhe nosLrlls

LevaLor labll superlorls
Crlgln: medlal 1/2 of lnfraorblLal margln
lnserLlon: upper llp muscles
AcLlon: elevaLes Lhe upper llp

ZygomaLlcus mlnor
Crlgln: zygomaLlc bone, posLerlor Lo maxlllary-zygomaLlc suLure
lnserLlon: skln of Lhe upper llp
AcLlon: elevaLes Lhe upper llp

ZygomaLlcus ma[or
Crlgln: anLerlor Lo zygomaLlc-Lemporal suLure
lnserLlon: modlolus (angle of Lhe mouLh)
AcLlon: llfLs and draws back Lhe angle(s) of Lhe mouLh (as ln smlllng)

8lsorlus (may be absenL)
Crlgln: paroLld fascla
AcLlon: draws Lhe mouLh laLerally (as ln smlllng)

9

LevaLor angull orls
Crlgln: maxllla, lnferlor Lo lnfraorblLal foramen
AcLlon: llfLs Lhe angle(s) of Lhe mouLh (as ln smlllng)

8ucclnaLor
Crlgln:
1. posLerlor alveolar process of maxllla
2. posLerlor alveolar process of mandlble
3. along Lhe pLerygomandlbular raphe
lnserLlon: modlolus
AcLlon: compresses Lhe cheek(s)

uepressor angull orls
Crlgln:
1. along Lhe obllque llne of mandlble
2. laLeral aspecL of menLal Lubercle of Lhe mandlble
lnserLlon: modlolus
AcLlon: lowers Lhe angle(s) of Lhe mouLh (as ln frownlng)
nerve: mandlbular branch of faclal nerve

uepressor labll lnferlorls
Crlgln:
1. mandlble, beLween symphysls and menLal foramen
2. along obllque llne of Lhe mandlble
lnserLlon: skln of Lhe lower llp
AcLlon: draws Lhe lower llp downward and laLerally
nerve: mandlbular branch of faclal nerve

#$%&'(% ,? #3%0/&30/,2
MasseLer
Crlgln:
o Superflclal:
1. zygomaLlc process of Lhe maxllla
2. lnferlor border of zygomaLlc arch
o lnLermedlaLe: lnner surface of zygomaLlc arch
o ueep: posLerlor aspecL of lnferlor border of zygomaLlc arch
lnserLlon:
o Superflclal:
1. angle of mandlble
2. laLeral surface of mandlbular ramus
o lnLermedlaLe: ramus of mandlble
o ueep:
1. superlor ramus of mandlble
2. coronold process of mandlble
AcLlon:
1. closes Lhe lower [aw (clenches Lhe LeeLh)
10

2. may devlaLe mandlble Lo opposlLe slde of conLracLlon
8lood: masseLerlc arLery
nerve: masseLerlc nerve

Medlal pLerygold
Crlgln:
1. medlal surface of laLeral pLerygold plaLe of Lhe sphenold
2. palaLlne bone
3. pLerygold fossa
lnserLlon:
1. lnner surface of mandlbular ramus
2. angle of Lhe mandlble
AcLlon:
1. closes Lhe lower [aw (clenches Lhe LeeLh)
2. can proLrude Lhe mandlble ln comblnaLlon wlLh Lhe laLeral pLerygold
8lood: medlal pLerygold arLery
nerve: medlal pLerygold nerve

LaLeral pLerygold
Crlgln:
1. Superlor head: laLeral surface of Lhe greaLer wlng of Lhe sphenold
2. lnferlor head: laLeral surface of Lhe laLeral pLerygold plaLe
lnserL LogeLher:
1. neck of Lhe mandlbular condyle
2. arLlcular dlsk of Lhe 1M!
AcLlon:
1. devlaLes mandlble Lo slde opposlLe of conLracLlon (durlng chewlng)
2. opens mouLh by proLrudlng mandlble (lnferlor head)
3. closes Lhe mandlble (superlor head)
8lood: laLeral pLerygold arLery
nerve: laLeral pLerygold nerve

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LevaLor palpebrae superlorls
Crlgln: lnferlor aspecL of Lhe lesser wlng of sphenold (ad[acenL Lo Lhe common annular Lendon)
lnserLlon:
1. medlal and laLeral walls of Lhe orblL
2. superlor Larsus
AcLlon: elevaLes Lhe eyelld
8lood: branches of ophLhalmlc arLery
nerve: oculomoLor nerve (lll cranlal)

LaLeral recLus
Crlgln:
1. common annular Lendon (whlch comes off Lhe body and lesser wlng of sphenold)
2. marglns of Lhe opLlc canal
lnserL: posLerlor Lo Lhe sclerocorneal [uncLlon (each muscle lnserLlng along lLs own dlrecLlonal axls)
AcLlon: abducLs eye
nerve: abducens nerve (vl cranlal)

Medlal recLus
Crlgln:
11

AcLlon: adducLs eye

Superlor recLus
Crlgln:
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes
2. medlally roLaLes
3. adducLs Lhe eye

Superlor recLus
Crlgln:
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes
2. medlally roLaLes
3. adducLs Lhe eye

lnferlor recLus
Crlgln:
AcLlon:
1. depress
2. laLerally roLaLes
3. adducLs Lhe eye

Superlor obllque
Crlgln: body of sphenold
lnserL: upper laLeral quadranL of Lhe posLerlor half of Lhe sclera (vla Lhe Lrochlea, as a pulley)
AcLlon:
1. depress
2. medlally roLaLes
3. abducLs Lhe eye
nerve: Lrochlear nerve (lv cranlal)

12

lnferlor obllque
Crlgln: orblLal surface of maxllla
lnserL: lower laLeral quadranL of Lhe posLerlor half of Lhe sclera (vla Lhe suspensory llgamenL, as a pulley)
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes
2. laLerally roLaLes
3. abducLs Lhe eye

13

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Superflclal 8ack
ecLoral
Shoulder Clrdle
ueep 8ack
o Splenlus Muscles
o LrecLor Splnae Muscles
o 1ransversosplnal Muscles
o SegmenLal Muscles
1rapezlus
Crlgln:
1. exLernal occlplLal proLuberance
2. along Lhe medlal sldes of Lhe superlor nuchal llne
3. llgamenLum nuchae (surroundlng Lhe cervlcal splnous processes)
4. splnous processes of C1-112
lnserLlon:
1. posLerlor, laLeral 1/3 of clavlcle
2. acromlon
3. superlor splne of scapula
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes scapula
2. upward roLaLlon of Lhe scapula (upper flbers)
3. downward roLaLlon of Lhe scapula (lower flbers)
4. reLracLs scapula
8lood: Lransverse cervlcal arLery
nerve:
1. splnal Accessory (xl) (efferenL or moLor flbers)
2. venLral ramll of C3 & C4 (afferenL or sensory flbers)

LaLlsslmus dorsl
Crlgln:
1. splnous process of 17-L3
2. upper 2-3 sacral segmenLs
3. lllac cresL
4. lower 3 or 4 8lbs
lnserLlon: laLeral llp of Lhe lnLerLubercular groove
AcLlon:
1. adducLlon of humerus
2. medlal roLaLlon of Lhe humerus
3. exLenslon from flexed poslLlon
4. downward roLaLlon of Lhe scapula
8lood: Lhoracodorsal arLery
nerve: Lhoracodorsal nerve, C6,7,8

9(&0,+3' #$%&$'30$+(
Subclavlus
Crlgln: flrsL rlb abouL Lhe [uncLlon of bone and carLllage
lnserLlon: lower surface of clavlcle
AcLlon: asslsLs ln sLablllzlng Lhe clavlcle
8lood: clavlcular branch of Lhoracoacromlal arLery
nerve: nerve Lo Lhe subclavlus, C3,6

14

ecLoralls ma[or
Crlgln:
1. medlal 1/3 of clavlcle
2. anLerlor aspecL of manubrlum & lengLh of body of sLernum
3. carLllaglnous aLLachmenLs of upper 6 rlbs
4. exLernal obllque's aponeurosls
lnserLlon:
1. laLeral llp of blclplLal groove Lo Lhe cresL of Lhe greaLer Lubercle
2. clavlcular flbers lnserL more dlsLally, sLernal flbers more proxlmally
AcLlon:
1. adducLs humerus
2. medlally roLaLes humerus
3. flexlon of Lhe arm from exLenslon (clavlcular porLlon)
8lood:
1. pecLoralls branch of Lhoracoacromlal arLery (runs wlLh laLeral pec. nerve)
2. laLeral Lhoraclc arLery (lesser supply, and runs wlLh medlal pecLoral nerve)
nerve:
1. laLeral pecLoral nerve, C3,6,7 Lo clavlcular porLlon
2. medlal pecLoral nerve, C8,11 Lo sLernal porLlon

ecLoralls mlnor
Crlgln: ouLer surface of rlbs 2-3 or 3-3 or 6
lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of coracold process of Lhe scapula
AcLlon:
1. depresses & downwardly roLaLes Lhe scapula
2. asslsLs ln scapular proLracLlon from a reLracLed poslLlon
3. sLablllzes Lhe scapula
8lood: laLeral Lhoraclc arLery
nerve: medlal pecLoral nerve, C8,11

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LevaLor scapulae
Crlgln: Lransverse processes of C1-C3 or C4
lnserLlon: superlor angle of scapula Loward Lhe scapular splne
AcLlon:
1. elevaLes Lhe scapula
2. exLends and/or laLerally flexes Lhe head
8lood: Lransverse cervlcal arLery
nerve:
1. nerves off cervlcal plexus, C3,4
2. dorsal scapular nerve, C3

8hombold mlnor
Crlgln:
1. splnous process of C7 & 11
2. llgamenLum nuchae
3. suprasplnous llgamenL
lnserLlon: medlal margln of Lhe scapula aL Lhe medlal angle
AcLlon: reLracL scapula
8lood:
1. deep branch of Lransverse cervlcal arLery, C8
2. dorsal scapular arLery
13

nerve: dorsal scapular nerve, C3, [C4]

8hombold ma[or
Crlgln:
1. splnous processes of 12-13
2. suprasplnous llgamenL
lnserLlon: medlal scapula from Lhe scapular splne Lo Lhe lnferlor angle
AcLlon: reLracL scapula
8lood:
1. deep branch of Lransverse cervlcal arLery, C8
2. dorsal scapular arLery
nerve: dorsal scapular nerve, C3

SerraLus anLerlor
Crlgln: fleshy sllps from Lhe ouLer surface of upper 8 or 9 rlbs
lnserLlon: cosLal aspecL of medlal margln of Lhe scapula
AcLlon:
1. proLracL scapula
2. sLablllze scapula
3. asslsLs ln upward roLaLlon
8lood:
1. laLeral Lhoraclc arLery supplles Lhe upper parL
2. Lhoracodorsal arLery supplles Lhe lower parL
nerve: long Lhoraclc nerve, C3,6,7

uelLold
Crlgln:
1. laLeral, anLerlor 1/3 of dlsLal clavlcle
2. laLeral boarder of Lhe acromlon
3. scapular splne
lnserLlon: delLold LuberoslLy of humerus
AcLlon:
1. abducLs arm
2. flexlon and medlal roLaLlon (anLerlor porLlon)
3. exLenslon and laLeral roLaLlon (posLerlor porLlon)
8lood:
1. posLerlor humeral clrcumflex arLery
2. delLold branch of Lhoracoacromlal arLery
nerve: axlllary nerve, C3,6

SuprasplnaLus
Crlgln:
1. suprasplnous fossa
2. muscle fascla
lnserLlon: uppermosL of Lhree faceLs of Lhe greaLer Lubercle of humerus
AcLlon:
1. abducLlon of arm (flrsL 13-20)
2. sLablllzes glenohumeral [olnL
8lood: suprascapular arLery (poorly supplled)
nerve: suprascapular nerve, C3,6

16

lnfrasplnaLus
Crlgln:
1. lnfrasplnous fossa
2. muscle fascla
lnserLlon: mlddle faceL of greaLer Lubercle of humerus
AcLlon:
1. exLernal roLaLlon of Lhe humerus
2. sLablllzes Lhe glenohumeral [olnL
8lood:
1. suprascapular arLery
2. scapular clrcumflex arLery
nerve: suprascapular nerve, C3,6

1eres mlnor
Crlgln: mlddle half of Lhe scapula's laLeral margln
lnserLlon: lowesL of Lhree faceLs of Lhe greaLer Lubercle of humerus
AcLlon:
1. laLeral roLaLlon of Lhe humerus
8lood: scapular clrcumflex arLery
nerve: axlllary nerve, C3,6

1eres ma[or
Crlgln: lnferlor, laLeral margln of Lhe scapula
lnserLlon: cresL of lesser Lubercle ([usL medlal Lo Lhe lnserLlon of laLlsslmus dorsl)
AcLlon:
1. asslsLs ln adducLlon of arm
2. asslsLs ln medlal roLaLlon of arm
3. asslsLs ln exLenslon from an flexed poslLlon
8lood: Lhoracodorsal arLery
nerve: lower subscapular nerve, C3,6

Subscapularls
Crlgln: subscapular fossa
lnserLlon: lesser Lubercle of humerus
AcLlon:
1. medlal roLaLlon of Lhe humerus
8lood: 8ranches of subscapular arLery
nerve: upper & lower subscapular nerves, C3,6

C((- D3&5 #$%&$'30$+(
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Splenlus caplLls
Crlgln:
1. lower porLlon of llgamenLum nuchae
2. splnous processes of C3-13(4)
lnserLlon:
1. superlor nuchal llne
2. masLold process of Lemporal bone
AcLlon:
1. bllaLeral conLracLlon: exLend head & neck
2. unllaLeral conLracLlon: roLaLe and laLerally bend head & neck Lo Lhe conLracLed (same) slde
17

nerve: dorsal raml of splnal nerves
Splenlus cervlcls
Crlgln: splnous process of 13-16
lnserLlon: posLerlor Lubercles of Lransverse processes of C2-C4
AcLlon:
1. bllaLeral conLracLlon: exLend head & neck
2. unllaLeral conLracLlon: roLaLe and laLerally bend head & neck Lo Lhe conLracLed (same) slde

@+(&0,+ >-/23( #$%&'(%

lllocosLalls lumborum
Crlgln: common Lendlnous orlgln: (same for all lower erecLor splnae)
1. sacrum
2. lllac cresL
3. splnous processes of lower Lhoraclc & mosL lumbar verLebrae
lnserLlon: lower border of angles of rlbs (3)6-12
AcLlon: (same for all erecLor splnae)
1. bllaLeral:
a. exLenslon of verLebral column
b. malnLenance of erecL posLure (pneumonlc = ! Llke SLandlng)
c. sLablllzaLlon of verLebral column durlng flexlon, acLlng ln conLrasL Lo abdomlnal muscles and
Lhe acLlon of gravlLy
2. unllaLeral:
a. laLeral bend Lo same slde
b. roLaLlon Lo same slde
c. opposlLe muscles conLracL eccenLrlcally for sLablllzaLlon

lllocosLalls Lhoracls
Crlgln: upper border of rlbs 6-12 (medlal Lo l. lumborum's lnserLlon.)
lnserLlon: lower border of angles of rlbs 1-6 (someLlmes Lransverse process of C7)
1. bllaLeral:
2. unllaLeral:

lllocosLalls cervlcls
Crlgln: angles of rlbs 1-6
lnserLlon: Lransverse processes of C4-C6
1. bllaLeral:
18

2. unllaLeral:

Longlsslmus Lhoracls
1. sacrum
2. lllac cresL
lnserLlon:
1. Lransverse processes of all Lhoraclc verLebrae
2. all rlbs beLween Lubercles and angles
3. Lransverse processes of upper lumbar verLebrae
1. bllaLeral:
b. malnLenance of erecL posLure (pneumonlc = l "lke SLandlng)
2. unllaLeral:

Longlsslmus cervlcls
Crlgln: Lransverse processes of 11-13(6)
lnserLlon: Lransverse processes of C2-C6
1. bllaLeral:
2. unllaLeral:

Longlsslmus caplLls
Crlgln:
1. Lransverse and arLlcular processes of mlddle and lower cervlcal verLebrae
2. Lransverse processes of upper Lhoraclc verLebrae
lnserLlon: posLerlor aspecL of masLold process of Lemporal bone
19

1. bllaLeral:
2. unllaLeral:

Splnalls Lhoracls
1. sacrum
2. lllac cresL
lnserLlon: splnous processes 13(4)-18(9)
1. bllaLeral:
b. malnLenance of erecL posLure (pneumonlc = l Llke #Landlng)
2. unllaLeral:

Splnalls cervlcls
Crlgln: splnous processes of C6-12
lnserLlon: splnous processes of C2 (and posslbly exLend Lo C3 or C4)
1. bllaLeral:
2. unllaLeral:

Splnalls caplLls
Crlgln: splnous processes of lower cervlcal & upper Lhoraclc verLebrae
lnserLlon: beLween superlor & lnferlor nuchal llnes of occlplLal bone
1. bllaLeral:
20

2. unllaLeral:

E+32%:(+%,%-/23' #$%&'(%

Semlsplnalls Lhoracls
Crlgln: Lransverse processes of 16-112 verLebrae
lnserLlon: splnous processes of upper Lhoraclc & lower cervlcal verLebrae
AcLlon:
1. bllaLerally exLends verLebral column, especlally head and neck
2. conLrols laLeral flexlon Lo slde opposlLe conLracLlon (eccenLrlc for sLablllLy)
3. malnLalns head posLure

Semlsplnalls cervlcls
Crlgln: Lransverse processes of 11-16 verLebrae and can go down Lo lower Lhoraclc
lnserLlon: splnous processes of C2-13(6)
AcLlon:

Semlsplnalls caplLus
Crlgln:
1. Lransverse processes of 11-16
2. arLlcular processes of C4-C7
lnserLlon: beLween superlor & lnferlor nuchal llnes of occlplLal bone
AcLlon:

MulLlfldus
Crlgln:
o cervlcal reglon: from arLlcular processes of lower cervlcal verLebrae
o Lhoraclc reglon: from Lransverse processes of all Lhoraclc verLebrae
o lumbar reglon:
1. lower porLlon of dorsal sacrum
2. SlS
3. deep surface of Lendenous orlgln of erecLor splnae
4. mamlllary processes of all lumbar verLebrae
lnserLlon: splnous process of all verLebrae exLendlng from L3 - C2 (sklpplng 1-3 segmenLs)
AcLlon:
21

1. bllaLerally exLends verLebral column
3. unllaLerally roLaLe verLebral bodles (column) Lo opposlLe slde
Long roLaLors
Crlgln: Lransverse process of one verLebra
lnserLlon: sklps one verLebra Lo lnserL on Lhe base of splnous process of verLebra above
AcLlon:
1. roLaLe Lo opposlLe slde
2. bllaLeral exLenslon
ShorL roLaLors
Crlgln: Lransverse process of one verLebra
lnserLlon: base of splnous process of verLebra lmmedlaLely above
AcLlon:
1. roLaLe Lo opposlLe slde
2. bllaLeral exLenslon

>(7F(203' #$%&'(%
lnLersplnalls
Crlgln: splnous processes of each verLebra
lnserLlon: Lo Lhe splnous process of verLebra lmmedlaLely above
AcLlon: exLenslon of Lhe verLebrae segmenLs

lnLerLransversl
Crlgln: (A Lo A and 8 Lo 8)
o cervlcal reglon:
A. from Lhe anLerlor Lubercle of Lransverse process
8. from Lhe posLerlor Lubercle of Lransverse process
o Lhoraclc reglon: (poorly developed)
o lumbar reglon:
A. laLeral aspecL of Lhe Lransverse process
8. mamlllary process
lnserLlon:
o cervlcal reglon:
A. Lo Lhe anLerlor Lubercle lmmedlaLely above
8. Lo Lhe posLerlor Lubercle lmmedlaLely above
o Lhoraclc reglon: (poorly developed)
o lumber reglon:
A. laLeral aspecL of Lhe Lransverse process lmmedlaLely above
8. Lo Lhe accessory process on Lhe verLebra lmmedlaLely above
AcLlon:
1. laLerally flexes each respecLlve palr of verLebrae
2. (also eccenLrlc muscle conLracLlon provldes sLablllLy)

3.
22

#$%&'( *+,$-% ./01/2 01( D+3&1/$FG 320/;+3&1/$F H 1324
8rachlum
AnLebrachlal llexors
AnLebrachlal LxLensors
Pand & WrlsL

D+3&1/$F #$%&$'30$+(
Coracobrachlalls
Crlgln: coracold process of Lhe scapula
lnserLlon: medlal shafL of Lhe humerus aL abouL lLs mlddle
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe humerus
2. asslsLs Lo adducL Lhe humerus
8lood: muscular branches of Lhe brachlal arLery
nerve: musculocuLaneous nerve, C3,6,(C7)

8lceps brachll
Crlgln:
1. long head- supraglenold Lubercle and glenohumeral labrum
2. shorL head- Llp of Lhe coracold process of Lhe scapula
lnserLlon:
1. radlal LuberoslLy
2. blclplLal aponeurosls
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe forearm aL Lhe elbow (when suplnaLed)
2. suplnaLes forearm from neuLral
3. sLablllzes anLerlor aspecL of shoulder
4. flexes shoulder (weak lf aL all)
8lood: muscular branches of brachlal arLery
nerve: musculocuLaneous nerve, C3,6

8rachlalls
Crlgln:
1. lower 1/2 of anLerlor humerus
2. boLh lnLermuscular sepLa
lnserLlon:
1. ulnar LuberoslLy
2. coronold process of ulna sllghLly
AcLlon: elbow flexlon (ma[or mover)
8lood:
1. muscular branches of brachlal arLery
2. radlal recurrenL arLery
nerve: musculocuLaneous nerve, C3,6

1rlceps brachll
Crlgln:
1. long head - lnfraglenold Lubercle of Lhe scapula
2. laLeral head - upper half of Lhe posLerlor surface of Lhe shafL of Lhe humerus, and Lhe upper parL of Lhe
laLeral lnLermuscular sepLum
3. medlal head - posLerlor shafL of humerus, dlsLal Lo radlal groove and boLh Lhe medlal and laLeral
lnLermuscular sepLum (deep Lo Lhe long & laLeral heads)
lnserLlon:
1. posLerlor surface of Lhe olecranon process of Lhe ulna
23

2. deep fascla of Lhe anLebrachlum
AcLlon:
1. long - adducLs Lhe arm, exLends aL Lhe shoulder, and a llLLle elbow flexlon
2. laLeral - exLends Lhe forearm aL Lhe elbow
3. medlal - exLends Lhe forearm aL Lhe elbow
8lood:
1. muscular branches of Lhe brachlal arLery
2. superlor ulnar collaLeral arLery
3. profunda brachll arLery
nerve: radlal nerve, C6,7

Anconeus
Crlgln: posLerlor surface of Lhe laLeral eplcondyle of Lhe humerus
lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of olecranon exLendlng Lo Lhe laLeral parL of ulnar body
AcLlon:
1. exLends Lhe forearm aL Lhe elbow
2. supporLs Lhe elbow when ln full exLenslon
8lood: mlddle collaLeral arLery from Lhe profunda brachll arLery
nerve: radlal nerve, C7,8

<20(;+3&1/3' A'(B,+ #$%&$'30$+(
ronaLor Leres
Crlgln:
1. humeral head:
a. upper porLlon of medlal eplcondyle vla Lhe Cl1 (common flexor Lendon)
b. medlal brachlal lnLermuscular sepLum
2. ulnar head - coronold process of ulna
3. anLebrachlal fascla
lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of radlus aL Lhe mlddle of Lhe shafL (pronaLor LuberoslLy)
AcLlon:
1. pronaLes forearm (durlng rapld or forced pronaLlon)
2. weakly flexes Lhe elbow
8lood:
1. muscular branches of ulnar arLery
2. muscular branches of radlal arLery
nerve: medlan nerve, C6,7

llexor carpl radlalls
Crlgln:
1. medlal eplcondyle vla Lhe Cl1 (common flexor Lendon)
lnserLlon: base of Lhe 2nd and someLlmes 3rd meLacarpals
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL
2. radlally devlaLes Lhe wrlsL
3. may asslsL Lo pronaLe Lhe forearm
8lood: muscular branches of radlal arLery

almarls longus
Crlgln:
1. medlal eplcondyle vla Lhe Cl1 (common flexor Lendon)
lnserLlon:
24

1. cenLral porLlon of Lhe flexor reLlnaculum
2. superflclal porLlon of Lhe palmar aponeurosls
AcLlon: flexes Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL
8lood: muscular branches of ulnar arLery

llexor carpl ulnarls
Crlgln:
1. humeral head - medlal eplcondyle vla Lhe Cl1 (common flexor Lendon)
2. ulnar head:
a. medlal aspecL of olecranon
b. proxlmal 3/3 of dorsal ulnar shafL
c. anLebrachlal fascla
lnserLlon:
1. plslform & hamaLe bones (vla Lhe plsohamaLe llgamenL)
2. base of Lhe 3Lh meLacarpal (vla Lhe plsomeLacarpal llgamenL)
AcLlon:
2. ulnarly devlaLes Lhe wrlsL
3. sLablllzes wrlsL Lo permlL powerful Lhumb moLlon
8lood: muscular branches of ulnar arLery
nerve: ulnar nerve, C8,11

llexor dlglLorum superflclalls
Crlgln:
1. humeral-ulnar head:
a. medlal eplcondyle vla Lhe Cl1 (common flexor Lendon)
b. medlal boarder of base of coronold process of ulna
c. medlal (ulnar) collaLeral llgamenL
d. anLebrachlal fascla
2. radlal head: obllque llne of radlus along lLs upper anLerlor boarder
lnserLlon: boLh sldes of Lhe base of each mlddle phalanx of Lhe 4 flngers
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe proxlmal and mlddle phalanges
2. flexes Lhe wrlsL lf flngers are exLended
8lood:
1. muscular branches of ulnar arLery
nerve: medlan nerve, C7,8,11

llexor dlglLorum profundus
Crlgln:
1. anLerlor & medlal surface of upper 3/4 ulna
2. ad[acenL lnLerosseous membrane
lnserLlon: dlsLal phalanx of medlal 4 dlglLs (Lhrough luS Lunnel)
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe dlsLal l [olnLs and ln so dolng flexes Lhe proxlmal and mlddle l [olnLs
2. flexes Lhe wrlsL lf flngers are exLended
8lood:
1. muscular branches of Lhe ulnar arLery
2. muscular branches of Lhe radlal arLery
3. anLerlor lnLerosseous arLery (from ulnar arLery)
nerve:
1. medlal porLlon - ulnar nerve, C8,11
23

2. laLeral porLlon - anLerlor lnLerosseous branch of medlan nerve, C8,11

llexor polllcls longus
Crlgln:
1. mlddle anLerlor surface of Lhe radlus
2. lnLerosseous membrane
3. (may also orlglnaLe from laLeral boarder of coronold process
4. or medlal eplcondyle)
lnserLlon: palmar aspecL of base of Lhe dlsLal phalanx of Lhumb (deep Lo flexor reLlnaculum)
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe dlsLal phalanx of Lhe Lhumb (l [olnL)
2. flexes Lhe oLher [olnLs Lo Lhe wrlsL (Mc, CMc and weakly aL Lhe wrlsL)
8lood:
2. anLerlor lnLerosseous arLery
nerve: anLerlor lnLerosseous branch of medlan nerve, C8,11

ronaLor quadraLus
Crlgln: dlsLal 1/4 anLerlomedlal surface of ulna
lnserLlon: dlsLal 1/4 anLerlolaLeral surface of radlus
AcLlon: pronaLes Lhe forearm and hand
8lood:
1. anLerlor lnLerosseous arLery
2. muscular branches of Lhe radlal arLery
nerve: anLerlor lnLerosseous branch of medlan nerve, C8,11

<20(;+3&1/3' @B0(2%,+ #$%&$'30$+(
8rachloradlalls
Crlgln:
1. upper laLeral supracondylar rldge of humerus (beLween Lhe Lrlceps and brachlalls muscles)
2. laLeral lnLermuscular sepLum of humerus
lnserLlon:
1. superlor aspecL of sLylold process of radlus
2. laLeral slde of Lhe dlsLal 1/2 Lo 1/3 of Lhe radlus
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe forearm aL Lhe elbow
2. pronaLes Lhe forearm when suplnaLed
3. suplnaLes Lhe forearm when pronaLed
8lood: radlal recurrenL arLery
nerve:
1. radlal nerve, C3,6 C8
2. deep branch of Lhe radlal nerve

LxLensor carpl radlalls longus
Crlgln:
1. lower laLeral supracondylar rldge (below Lhe brachloradlalls)
2. laLeral lnLermuscular sepLum of humerus
lnserLlon: base of 2nd meLacarpal
AcLlon:
1. exLends Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL
2. radlally devlaLes Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL
3. weakly flexes Lhe forearm aL Lhe elbow
4. weakly suplnaLes Lhe forearm
26

nerve:
1. radlal nerve, C3,6 C8
2. deep branch of Lhe radlal nerve

LxLensor carpl radlalls brevls
Crlgln:
1. laLeral eplcondyle vla Lhe CL1 (common exLensor Lendon)
2. radlal collaLeral llgamenL
lnserLlon: base of 3rd meLacarpal
AcLlon:
nerve: deep branch of Lhe radlal nerve, C6,7

LxLensor dlglLorum
Crlgln:
1. laLeral eplcondyle vla Lhe CL1 (common exLensor Lendon)
lnserLlon:
1. base of mlddle phalanx of each of Lhe four flngers (cenLral band)
2. base of dlsLal phalanx of each of Lhe four flngers (2 laLeral bands)
AcLlon:
1. exLends Lhe four medlal dlglLs
2. exLends Lhe wrlsL lf flngers flexed
3. abducLs Lhe dlglLs (spreads Lhe dlglLs as lL exLends Lhem)
8lood: posLerlor lnLerosseous arLery
nerve: posLerlor lnLerosseous nerve of Lhe radlal nerve, C6,7,8

LxLensor dlglLl mlnlml
Crlgln:
1. laLeral eplcondyl vla Lhe CL1 (common exLensor Lendon)
3. ulnar aspecL of exLensor dlglLorum
lnserLlon:
1. base of mlddle phalanx of Lhe 3Lh dlglL (cenLral band)
2. base of dlsLal phalanx of Lhe 3Lh dlglL (2 laLeral bands)
AcLlon:
1. exLends Lhe 3Lh dlglL
2. abducLs Lhe 3Lh dlglL

LxLensor carpl ulnarls
Crlgln:
1. 1sL head - laLeral eplcondyle vla Lhe CL1 (common exLensor Lendon)
2. 2nd head - posLerlor body of ulna
lnserLlon: medlal slde of base of Lhe 3Lh meLacarpal
AcLlon:
2. ulnarly devlaLes Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL
27


SuplnaLor
Crlgln:
1. laLeral eplcondyle of humerus
2. suplnaLor cresL of ulna
3. radlal collaLeral llgamenL
4. annular llgamenL
lnserLlon: proxlmal porLlon of anLerlorlaLeral surface of Lhe radlus
AcLlon: suplnaLes Lhe forearm
nerve: deep branch of Lhe radlal nerve, C6

AbducLor polllcls longus
Crlgln:
1. posLerlor surfaces of ulna and radlus
lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of base of 1sL meLacarpal
AcLlon:
1. abducLs Lhe 1sL meLacarpal
2. asslsLs Lo exLend & roLaLe Lhe Lhumb
nerve: posLerlor lnLerosseous nerve of Lhe radlal nerve, C6,7,(C8)

LxLensor polllcls brevls
Crlgln:
1. posLerlor surfaces of radlus (below abducLor polllcls longus)
lnserLlon: base of proxlmal phalanx of Lhumb (ofLen a sllp lnserLs lnLo exLensor polllcls longus Lendon)
AcLlon:
1. exLends Lhe proxlmal phalanx and 1sL meLacarpal of Lhe Lhumb
nerve: posLerlor lnLerosseous nerve of Lhe radlal nerve, C6,7,(C8)

LxLensor polllcls longus
Crlgln:
1. posLerlor surface of ulna
lnserLlon: dlsLal phalanx of Lhumb
AcLlon:
1. exLends dlsLal phalanx of Lhumb
2. exLends proxlmal phalanx of Lhumb
3. asslsLs Lo exLend Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL (lf flngers flexed)

28

LxLensor lndlcls
Crlgln:
1. posLerlor surface of ulna (dlsLal Lo exLensor polllcls longus)
lnserLlon: base of mlddle and dlsLal phalanx of Lhe lndex flnger
AcLlon:
1. exLends Lhe 2nd dlglL (Mc & l [olnLs)
2. adducLs Lhe 2nd dlglL
3. asslsLs Lo exLend Lhe hand aL Lhe wrlsL
4. sLablllzes Mc [olnL for flexlon of l solely

I324 H J+/%0 #$%&$'30$+(
AbducLor polllcls brevls
Crlgln:
1. dlsLal border of flexor reLlnaculum
2. Lrapezlum (may be varlable)
lnserLlon:
1. laLeral aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of Lhe Lhumb
2. may also send a sllp Lo Lhe Lendon of exLensor polllcls longus
AcLlon:
1. abducLs Lhumb (aL Lhe Mc [olnL)
2. parLlclpaLes Lo flex Lhe Lhumb (aL Lhe Mc [olnL)
3. lf aLLached Lo exLensor polllcls longus, lL mlghL asslsL Lo exLend Lhe Lhumb
8lood: superflclal palmar branches of radlal arLery
nerve: recurrenL branch of medlan nerve, C8,11

llexor polllcls brevls
Crlgln:
1. superflclal head:
a. dlsLal border of flexor reLlnaculum
b. Lrapezlum
2. deep head:
a. floor of carpal Lunnel
b. lndlrecLly Lo scaphold & Lrapezlum
lnserLlon:
1. base of proxlmal phalanx of Lhumb
2. can also aLLach Lo Lhe laLeral sesamold bone aL Lhe Mc [olnL
AcLlon: powerfully flexes Lhe Lhumb (aL Lhe Mc [olnL)
nerve:
1. superflclal head - recurrenL branch of medlan nerve, C8,11
2. deep head - deep branch of ulnar nerve, C8,11

Cpponens polllcls
Crlgln:
2. Lrapezlum
lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of Lhe 1sL meLacarpal
AcLlon: opposes Lhe Lhumb Lo Lhe flngers
nerve: recurrenL branch of medlan nerve, C8,11
29

AdducLor polllcls
Crlgln:
1. Lransverse head: 3rd meLacarpal
2. obllque head:
a. base of 1sL, 2nd and 3rd meLacarpals
b. floor of carpal Lunnel
lnserLlon:
1. medlal aspecL of Lhe base of proxlmal phalanx
2. medlal sesamold aL Mc
AcLlon:
1. adducLs Lhe Lhumb
2. may asslsL Lo flex Lhe Lhumb (aL Lhe Mc [olnL)
nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve, C8,11

almarls brevls
Crlgln: medlal margln of palmar aponeurosls
lnserLlon:
1. skln of ulnar border of palm
2. may lnserL on Lhe plsslform
AcLlon: Lenses Lhe skln on Lhe ulnar slde, whlch ls used ln a grlp acLlon
8lood: superflclal palmar branches of ulnar arLery
nerve: superflclal branch of ulnar nerve, C8,11

AbducLor dlglLl mlnlml
Crlgln: plslform & Lendon of flexor carpl ulnarls
lnserLlon:
1. medlal aspecL of Lhe base of proxlmal phalanx of Lhe 3Lh dlglL
2. may send a sllp Lo Lhe ulnar slde of Lhe dorsal expanslon
AcLlon:
1. abducL 3Lh dlglL (requlres plslform sLablllzed by lCu)
2. asslsLs Lo flex Lhe 3Lh dlglL (aL Mc)
3. may asslsL ln exLenslon of 3Lh dlglL (aL l due Lo sllps Lo exLensor dlglLorum)
8lood: deep palmar branches of ulnar arLery

llexor dlglLl mlnlml brevls
Crlgln:
2. hook of Lhe hamaLe
lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of Lhe base of proxlmal phalanx
AcLlon: flexes Lhe 3Lh dlglL (aL Lhe Mc [olnL)

Cpponens dlglLl mlnlml
Crlgln:
2. hook of Lhe hamaLe
lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of Lhe 3Lh meLacarpal
AcLlon:
1. opposes Lhe 3Lh dlglL wlLh Lhe Lhumb
2. asslsLs Lo "cup" Lhe palm
30


almar lnLerossel
Crlgln: from Lhe slde of Lhe meLacarpal LhaL faces Lhe mldllne - Lo adducL Lhem
lnserLlon:
1. on Lhe base of Lhe proxlmal phalanx of Lhe dlglL of orlgln (same slde Loward Lhe mldllne)
2. exLensor hood of Lhe same dlglL(s)
AcLlon:
1. adducLs Lhe flngers (hlnL: Au)
2. flexes Lhe flngers (aL Lhe Mc whlle l [olnLs are exLended)
8lood: palmar meLacarpal arLery of deep palmar arch

uorsal lnLerossel
Crlgln: beLween each meLacarpal
lnserLlon:
1. dlrecLly dlsLal Lo Lhe orlgln on Lhe base of Lhe proxlmal phalanx closesL Lo Lhe mldllne (Lo abducL Lhem.)
2. exLensor hood of Lhe same dlglL(s)
AcLlon:
1. abducLs Lhe flngers (hlnL: uA8)
2. flexes Lhe flngers (aL Lhe Mc whlle l [olnLs are exLended)
8lood: palmar meLacarpal arLery of deep palmar arch

Lumbrlcals
Crlgln:
1. Lendon of flexor dlglLorum profundus
2. 1 & 2 have a slngle head of orlgln (from radlal aspecL of Lendon)
3. 3 & 4 have Lwo heads of orlgln (each head from an ad[acenL Lendon)
lnserLlon: exLensor hood of dlglLs 2-3
AcLlon:
1. flexes Lhe flngers (aL Lhe Mc [olnLs)
2. exLend ls
8lood: palmar meLacarpal arLeryof deep palmar arch
nerve:
1. 1 & 2 - medlan nerve, C8,11
2. 3 & 4 - deep branch of ulnar nerve, C8,11

31

#$%&'( *+,$-% ./01/2 01( 01/71 '(7 324 ?,,0 +(7/,28
CluLeal
osLerlor 1hlgh
AdducLor 1hlgh
AnLerlor 1hlgh
osLerlor Leg
AnLerolaLeral Leg
looL

Llnks 8elaLed Lo Lhls 8eglon:

*'$0(3' #$%&$'30$+(
1ensor fascla laLa
Crlgln:
1. anLerlor aspecL of lllac cresL
2. anLerlor superlor lllac splne (ASlS)
lnserLlon: anLerlor aspecL of l1 band, below greaLer LrochanLer
AcLlon:
1. hlp flexlon
2. medlally roLaLe & abducL a flexed Lhlgh
3. Lenses l1 LracL Lo supporL femur on Lhe Llbla durlng sLandlng
8lood:
1. superlor gluLeal arLery
2. laLeral femoral clrcumflex arLery
nerve: superlor gluLeal nerve, L4,3,S1

CluLeus maxlmus
Crlgln:
1. ouLer rlm of lllum (medlal aspecL)
2. dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
3. sacroLuberous llgamenL
lnserLlon:
1. l1 band (prlmary lnserLlon)
2. gluLeal LuberoslLy of femur
AcLlon:
1. powerful exLensor of hlp
2. laLerally roLaLes Lhlgh
3. upper flbers ald ln abducLlon of Lhlgh
4. flbers of l1 band sLablllze a fully exLended knee
8lood:
1. lnferlor gluLeal arLery (prlmary)
nerve: lnferlor gluLeal nerve, L3,S1,2

CluLeus medlus
Crlgln:
1. ouLer aspecL of lllum (beLween lllac cresL and anLerlor and posLerlor gluLeal llnes)
2. upper fascla (AkA gluLeal aponeurosls)
lnserLlon: superlor aspecL of greaLer LrochanLer
AcLlon:
1. anLerlor and laLeral flbers abducL and medlally roLaLe Lhe Lhlgh
2. posLerlor flbers may laLerally roLaLe Lhlgh
3. sLablllzes Lhe pelvls and prevenLs free llmb from sagglng durlng galL
32

8lood: superlor gluLeal arLery

CluLeus mlnlmus
Crlgln: ouLer aspecL of lllum (beLween anLerlor and lnferlor gluLeal llnes)
lnserLlon:
1. greaLer LrochanLer (anLerlor Lo medlus)
2. arLlcular capsule of hlp [olnL
AcLlon:
1. abducL and medlally roLaLe Lhe Lhlgh
2. sLablllzes Lhe pelvls and prevenLs free llmb from sagglng durlng galL
8lood: superlor gluLeal arLery

lrlformls
Crlgln: pelvlc surface of sacrum (anLerlor porLlon)
lnserLlon: medlal surface of greaLer LrochanLer (Lhrough greaLer sclaLlc foramen)
AcLlon:
1. laLeral roLaLlon of exLended Lhlgh
2. abducLs a flexed Lhlgh
8lood:
2. lnferlor gluLeal arLery
nerve: nerve Lo plrlformls, S1,2

Superlor gemellus
Crlgln: lschlal splne
lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of greaLer LrochanLer vla upper Lendon of obLuraLor lnLernus
AcLlon:
1. laLerally roLaLes femur
2. abducLs Lhlgh when flexed
8lood: lnferlor gluLeal arLery
nerve: nerve Lo obLuraLor lnLernus, L3,S1,2

CbLuraLor lnLernus
Crlgln:
1. lnLernal aspecL marglns of obLuraLor foramen
2. obLuraLor membrane
lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of greaLer LrochanLer (Lhrough lesser sclaLlc foramen)
AcLlon:
1. laLerally roLaLes femur
2. abducLs Lhlgh when flexed
nerve: nerve Lo obLuraLor lnLernus, L3,S1,2

lnferlor gemellus
Crlgln: lschlal LuberoslLy
lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of greaLer LrochanLer vla lower Lendon of obLuraLor lnLernus
AcLlon: laLerally roLaLes femur
nerve: nerve Lo quadraLus femorls, L4,3,S1

33

CuadraLus femorls
Crlgln: laLeral aspecL of lschlal LuberoslLy
lnserLlon: quadraLe llne (along posLerlor aspecL of femur and lnLerLrochanLerlc cresL)
AcLlon: laLerally roLaLes femur
nerve: nerve Lo quadraLus femorls, L4,3,S1

9,%0(+/,+ E1/71 #$%&$'30$+(

SemlLendlnosus
lnserLlon:
1. medlal aspecL of Llblal shafL
2. conLrlbuLes Lo Lhe pez anserlne
AcLlon:
1. exLends hlp
2. flexes knee
3. medlally roLaLes Llbla
8lood:
1. perforaLlng branches of profunda femorls
2. lnferlor gluLeal arLery (Lo upper)
nerve: Llblal nerve of sclaLlc bundle, L3,S1,2

Semlmembranosus
lnserLlon:
1. posLerlor medlal aspecL of medlal Llblal condyle
2. flbers [oln Lo form mosL of obllque popllLeal llgamenL (& medlal menlscus)
AcLlon:
1. flexes knee
2. exLends hlp
4. pulls medlal menlscus posLerlor durlng flexlon
8lood:
nerve: Llblal nerve of sclaLlc bundle, L3,S1,2

8lceps femorls
Crlgln:
1. long head: lschlal LuberoslLy
2. shorL head: laLeral llp of llnea aspera and Lhe laLeral lnLermuscular sepLum
lnserLlon:
1. head of flbula
2. maybe Lo Lhe laLeral Llblal condyle
AcLlon:
1. flexor aL Lhe knee (malnly shorL head)
2. laLerally roLaLes Lhlgh lf flexed aL Lhe knee
3. exLends hlp (long head)
8lood:
nerve:
1. long head - Llblal nerve, L3,S1,2
34

2. shorL head - common peroneal nerve, L3,S1
AdducLor magnus, posLerlor flbers are someLlmes consldered parL of Lhls group. lLs lnformaLlon ls llsLed below wlLh Lhe
oLher Lhlgh adducLors.

<44$&0,+ E1/71 #$%&$'30$+(
noLe: 1he muscles ln Lhls group may also recelve blood from obLuraLor arLery.
AdducLor longus
Crlgln: anLerlor surface of publs, [usL lnferlor Lo Lhe publc Lubercle
lnserLlon: medlal llp of llnea aspera on mlddle half of femur
AcLlon:
1. adducLs Lhlgh
2. flexes Lhlgh
3. may laLerally roLaLe Lhlgh aL Lhe hlp
8lood: muscular branches of femoral arLery
nerve: obLuraLor nerve, L2,3,4
AdducLor brevls
Crlgln: body & lnferlor ramus of publs
lnserLlon: superlor porLlon of llnea aspera
AcLlon:
1. adducLs Lhlgh (ma[or)
2. alds ln flexlon of Lhlgh
3. may laLerally roLaLe Lhlgh aL Lhe hlp
8lood: muscular branches of femoral arLery

AdducLor magnus
Crlgln:
1. anLerlor flbers: lnferlor publc ramus
2. obllque flbers: lschlal ramus
3. posLerlor flbers: lschlal LuberoslLy
lnserLlon:
1. proxlmal 1/3 of llnea aspera
2. adducLor Lubercle
AcLlon:
1. adducLs Lhe Lhlgh
2. posLerlor flbers also exLend and laLerally roLaLe Lhlgh
8lood:
1. muscular branches of profunda femorls
nerve:
1. anLerlor flbers: obLuraLor nerve, L2,3,4
2. posLerlor flbers: Llblal nerve of sclaLlc bundle, L4,3

Cracllls
Crlgln: body of publs & lnferlor publc ramus
lnserLlon:
1. medlal surface of proxlmal Llbla, lnferlor Lo Llblal condyle
2. conLrlbuLes Lo Lhe pez anserlne
AcLlon:
1. adducLs Lhlgh
2. flexes knee
8lood: obLuraLor arLery

33

CbLuraLor exLernus
Crlgln:
1. medlal surface of obLuraLor foramen
2. exLernal surface of obLuraLor membrane
lnserLlon: LrochanLerlc fossa of femur
AcLlon:
1. laLerally roLaLes Lhlgh
2. asslsLs ln flexlon of hlp [olnL
8lood: obLuraLor arLery

<20(+/,+ E1/71 #$%&$'30$+(
SarLorlus
Crlgln: anLerlor superlor lllac splne (ASlS)
lnserLlon:
1. upper medlal surface of body of Llbla
2. conLrlbuLes Lo pez anserlne
AcLlon:
1. flexes hlp and knee
2. laLerally roLaLes Lhlgh lf flexed aL Lhe hlp
8lood:
1. muscular branches of profunda femorls arLery
2. saphenous branch of descendlng genlcular arLery
nerve: branches of femoral nerve, L2,3

8ecLus femorls
Crlgln:
1. anLerlor head: anLerlor lnferlor lllac splne (AllS)
2. posLerlor head: lllum [usL above Lhe aceLabulum
lnserLlon:
1. common quadrlceps Lendon lnLo paLella
2. Llblal LuberoslLy vla paLellar llgamenL
AcLlon:
1. exLends knee
2. flexes hlp
8lood: laLeral femoral clrcumflex arLery
nerve: branches of femoral nerve, [L2],3,4

vasLus laLeralls
Crlgln:
1. greaLer LrochanLer
2. laLeral llp of llnea aspera
3. laLeral lnLermuscular sepLum
lnserLlon:
AcLlon:
1. exLends knee
2. can abnormally dlsplace paLella

vasLus lnLermedlus
Crlgln: anLerlor laLeral aspecL of Lhe femoral shafL
36

lnserLlon:
AcLlon: exLends knee

vasLus medlalls
Crlgln:
1. lnLerLrochanLerlc llne of femur
2. medlal aspecL of llnea aspera
lnserLlon:
AcLlon: exLends knee
8lood:
1. muscular branches of profunda femorls arLery
2. saphenous branch of descendlng genlcular arLery

ArLlcularls genus
Crlgln:
1. dlsLal porLlon of anLerlor femoral surface, close Lo Lhe knee
2. off Lhe deep flbers of Lhe vasLus lnLermedlus
lnserLlon: synovlal membrane of Lhe knee [olnL
AcLlon:
1. pulls Lhe synovlal membrane of Lhe knee superlor wlLh knee exLenslon
2. prevenLs lmplngemenL of Lhe synovlal membrane beLween paLella and Lhe femur
nerve: branches of femoral nerve, L3,4

soas ma[or
Crlgln:
1. Lransverse processes of L1-L3
2. verLebral bodles of 112-L4 and Lhe lnLervenlng lnLerverLebral dlscs
lnserLlon: lllopsoas Lendon Lo Lhe lesser LrochanLer of Lhe femur
AcLlon:
1. hlp flexlon
2. laLeral roLaLlon
8lood: muscular branches of medlal femoral clrcumflex arLery
nerve: venLral raml, L1,2,3

llllacus
Crlgln: lnner surface of upper lllac fossa
lnserLlon: lllopsoas Lendon Lo Lhe lesser LrochanLer of Lhe femur
AcLlon:
1. powerful hlp flexlon
2. laLeral roLaLlon
nerve: femoral nerve, L3,4

37

ecLlneus
Crlgln:
1. pecLlneal llne of Lhe publs
2. superlor publc ramus
lnserLlon:
o Lhe pecLlneal llne of Lhe femur
o ([usL below Lhe lesser LrochanLer on Lhe posLerlor aspecL of Lhe femur)
AcLlon:
0. flexes hlp
1. adducLs Lhlgh
2. medlally roLaLes Lhlgh
nerve:
o femoral nerve, L3,4 C8
o obLuraLor nerve, L2,3,4 C8
o femoral L3,4 and accessory obLuraLor L3,4

9,%0(+/,+ K(7 #$%&$'30$+(
CasLrocnemlus
o Crlgln:
1. medlal head: [usL above medlal condyle of femur
2. laLeral head: [usL above laLeral condyle of femur
o lnserLlon: calcaneus vla laLeral porLlon of calcaneal Lendon
o AcLlon:
1. planLarflex Lhe ankle
2. knee flexlon (when noL welghL bearlng)
3. sLablllzes ankle & knee when sLandlng
o 8lood:
1. sural branches of popllLeal arLery
2. muscular branches of peroneal arLery
3. posLerlor Llblal arLery
o nerve: Llblal nerve, S1,2

Soleus
o Crlgln:
1. upper flbula
2. soleal llne of Llbla
o lnserLlon: calcaneus vla medlal porLlon of calcaneal Lendon
o AcLlon: planLarflex Lhe fooL
o 8lood:

lanLarls
o Crlgln: above Lhe laLeral head of gasLrocnemlus on femur
o lnserLlon: calcaneus, medlal Lo calcaneal Lendon, or blendlng wlLh Lhe calcaneal Lendon
o AcLlon: llke a weak gasLrocnemlus
o 8lood:
38

opllLeus
o Crlgln:
1. laLeral femoral condyle
2. arcuaLe popllLeal llgamenL
3. laLeral menlscus
4. knee [olnL capsule
o lnserLlon: posLerlor Llblal surface above Lhe soleal llne
o AcLlon:
1. lnserLlon flxed: laLerally roLaLes femur on Llbla & unlocks knee
2. orlgln flxed: medlally roLaLes Llbla on femur & unlocks knee
o 8lood: sural branches of popllLeal arLery
o nerve: Llblal nerve, L3,S1

llexor dlglLorum longus
o Crlgln:
1. posLerlor surface of Llbla
2. crural fascla
o lnserLlon: planLar surface of bases of Lhe 2-3Lh dlsLal phalanges
o AcLlon:
1. prlmarlly flexes 2nd - 3Lh Loes
2. weak planLarflexor
3. weak lnverslon & adducLlon of fooL
o 8lood:
1. peroneal arLery

1lblalls posLerlor
o Crlgln:
1. posLerlor, proxlmal Llbla
3. medlal surface of flbula
o lnserLlon:
1. navlcular LuberoslLy (prlnclple)
2. all 3 cunelforms (planLar surface)
3. bases of 2nd-4Lh meLaLarsals
4. cubold
3. susLenLaculum Lall of calcaneus
o AcLlon:
1. sLablllzes ankle
2. lnverslon & adducLlon of fooL
3. prevenLs hyperpronaLlon whlle ln galL
4. weak planLarflexlon of ankle
o 8lood:
1. peroneal arLery

llexor hallucls longus
o Crlgln:
1. posLerlor, lnferlor 2/3 of flbula
3. crural fascla & posLerlor lnLermuscular sepLum
o lnserLlon: planLar surface of dlsLal phalanx of hallux
o AcLlon:
39

1. flexes blg Loe (hallux)
2. weak planLarflexlon of Lhe fooL
3. weak lnverslon & adducLlon of fooL
o 8lood:
1. peroneal arLery
o nerve: Llblal nerve, L3,S1,2

<20(+,'30(+3' K(7 #$%&$'30$+(
eroneus longus
o Crlgln:
1. head of Lhe flbula
2. proxlmal 2/3 of laLeral flbula
3. ad[acenL lnLermuscular sepLum
o lnserLlon:
1. planLar surface of cubold
2. base of 1sL & (2nd) meLaLarsal
3. planLar surface of medlal cunelform
o AcLlon:
1. everslon & abducLlon of Lhe fooL
2. weak planLarflexlon of Lhe fooL aL Lhe Lransverse Larsal [olnL
o 8lood: muscular branches of Lhe peroneal arLery
o nerve: superflclal peroneal nerve, L4,3,S1

eroneus brevls
o Crlgln:
1. dlsLal 2/3 of laLeral flbula
2. posLerlor and anLerlor lnLermuscular sepLum
o lnserLlon: LuberoslLy on laLeral aspecL of base of 3Lh meLaLarsal
o AcLlon:
1. everslon & abducLlon of Lhe fooL
2. weak planLarflexlon of fooL
o 8lood: muscular branches of Lhe peroneal arLery
o nerve: superflclal peroneal nerve, L4,3,S1

1lblalls anLerlor
o Crlgln:
1. laLeral Llblal condyle
2. proxlmal 2/3 of anLerlolaLeral surface of Llbla
4. anLerlor lnLermuscular sepLum & crural fascla
o lnserLlon:
1. medlal & planLar surface of base of 1sL meLaLarsal
2. medlal & planLar surface of Lhe cunelform
o AcLlon:
1. sLrongesL dorslflexor
2. lnverLs & adducLs Lhe fooL
o 8lood: anLerlor Llblal arLery
o nerve: deep peroneal nerve, L4,3,S1

LxLensor hallucls longus
o Crlgln:
1. medlal aspecL of Lhe flbula
40

3. crural fascla
o lnserLlon: dorsal surface of base of proxlmal and dlsLal phalanx of hallux
o AcLlon:
1. exLends dlsLal phalanx of blg Loe
2. weak dorslflexor
3. weak lnverslon & adducLlon

LxLensor dlglLorum longus
o Crlgln:
1. laLeral condyle of Lhe Llbla
2. upper anLerlor surface of flbula
4. crural fascla
o lnserLlon:
! dorsal surface of Lhe bases of Lhe mlddle & dlsLal phalanxes of Lhe 2nd-3Lh rays
! (vla 4 Lendons and glvlng a flbrous expanslon)
o AcLlon:
0. exLends Lhe laLeral 4 Loes
1. weak dorslflexor & everLs fooL
eroneus LerLlus
o Crlgln:
0. dlsLal 1/3 of anLerlor flbula
1. dlsLal & laLeral aspecL of exLensor dlglLorum
o lnserLlon: dorsal surface of base of 3Lh meLaLarsal
o AcLlon:
0. exLends Lhe 3Lh Loe
1. weak dorslflexor & everLs fooL

A,,0 #$%&$'30$+(
AbducLor hallucls
o Crlgln:
0. medlal process of calcaneal LuberoslLy
1. flexor reLlnaculum
2. planLar aponeurosls
3. medlal lnLermuscular sepLum
o lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of hallux
o AcLlon:
0. flexes Lhe blg Loe (prlmary acLlon)
1. may asslsL ln abducLlon of blg Loe
o 8lood: medlal planLar arLery
o nerve: medlal planLar nerve, L3,S1

llexor dlglLorum brevls
o Crlgln:
0. medlal process of calcaneal LuberoslLy
o lnserLlon:
! boLh sldes of Lhe bases of Lhe mlddle phalanx of rays 2-3
! (each of Lhe 4 Lendons spllLs formlng Lunnel for luL)
41

o AcLlon: flexes Loes 2-3

AbducLor dlglLl mlnlml
o Crlgln:
0. laLeral & medlal processes of Lhe calcaneal LuberoslLy
2. laLeral lnLermuscular sepLum
o lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of 3Lh ray
o AcLlon:
0. abducLs 3Lh Loe
1. alds ln flexlng
o 8lood: laLeral planLar arLery
o nerve: laLeral planLar nerve, S1,2

AbducLor ossls meLaLarsl qulnLl
o Crlgln: from flbers of abducLor dlglLl mlnlml
o lnserLlon: lnLo Lhe 3Lh meLaLarsal
o AcLlon: abducLs Lhe 3Lh ray

CuadraLus planLae
o Crlgln:
0. medlal head: medlal calcaneus
1. laLeral head: laLeral calcaneus & long planLar llgamenL
o lnserLlon:
! laLeral margln of Lendon of flexor dlglLorum longus (luL)
! may send sllps lnLo Lhe dlsLal Lendons
o AcLlon:
0. asslsLs luL ln flexlng Lhe dlsLal phalanxes of 2nd-3Lh Loes
1. correcLs luL from pulllng Loes medlally

Lumbrlcals
o Crlgln: from Lendons of luL:
0. 1sL: medlal aspecL of Lendon Lo 2nd ray
1. 2nd-4Lh: Lwo heads beLween Lhe Lendons ln whlch Lhey lle
o lnserLlon: exLensor Lendons of LuL on dorsal fooL
o AcLlon:
0. flex proxlmal phalanges aL M1
1. exLend mlddle & dlsLal phalanges aL l
o 8lood:
0. 1sL: medlal planLar arLery
1. 2nd-4Lh: laLeral planLar arLery
o nerve:
0. 1sL: medlal planLar nerve, L3,S1
1. 2nd-4Lh: laLeral planLar nerve, S1,2

llexor hallucls brevls
o Crlgln:
0. medlal aspecL of Lhe cubold
1. laLeral cunelform
42

o lnserLlon:
0. medlal aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of hallux
1. laLeral aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of hallux
o AcLlon: flexes hallux aL M1

AdducLor hallucls
o Crlgln:
0. obllque head: base of 2nd-4Lh meLaLarsals & long planLar llgamenL
1. Lransverse head: deep Lransverse meLaLarsal llgamenL & planLar llgamenLs aL M1 [olnLs
o lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of hallux
o AcLlon:
0. adducLlon of hallux aL M1
1. flexes hallux aL M1

llexor dlglLl mlnlml brevls
o Crlgln:
0. base of 3Lh meLaLarsal
1. dlglLal sheaLh of peroneus longus
o lnserLlon: laLeral aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of 3Lh ray
o AcLlon: flexes Lhe 3Lh Loe aL M1

lanLar lnLerossel (3 muscles)
o Crlgln: medlal aspecL of 3rd-3Lh meLaLarsals (each muscle has a slngle head)
o lnserLlon: medlal aspecL of base of proxlmal phalanx of Lhe same ray (of 3rd-3Lh rays)
o AcLlon:
0. adducL Loes 3-3
1. flex Loes 3-3 aL M1
o 8lood: laLeral planLar arch
o nerve: laLeral planLar nerve (deep branch), S1,2

uorsal lnLerossel (4 muscles)
o Crlgln: from boLh meLaLarsals beLween whlch Lhey lle
o lnserLlon: base of proxlmal phalanx closesL Lo Lhe axls of Lhe fooL (2nd ray)
o AcLlon:
0. abducL Loes 2-4
1. flexes Loes 2-4 aL M1
o 8lood: laLeral planLar arch
o nerve: laLeral planLar nerve (deep branch), S1,2

LxLensor hallucls brevls
o Crlgln:
0. upper anLerolaLeral calcaneus
1. lnferlor exLensor reLlnaculum
o lnserLlon: base of proxlmal phalanx of hallux
o AcLlon: exLends hallux
o 8lood: dorsalls pedls arLery
o nerve: deep peroneal nerve, L4,3

LxLensor dlglLorum brevls
43

o Crlgln:
0. upper anLerolaLeral calcaneus
1. lnferlor exLensor reLlnaculum
o lnserLlon: mlddle & dlsLal phalanges of 2nd-4Lh rays (vla LuL)
o AcLlon: exLends 2nd-4Lh rays
o 8lood: dorsalls pedls arLery
o nerve: deep peroneal nerve, L4,3

Muscle Regions of The Body

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Muscle Regions of The Body

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lnformaLlon derlved from hLLp://www.pLcenLral.com/muscles/musclearms.hLml

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