MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Submitted To, Prof. Denney M Thomas Submitted By, Ginu L Prakash S3 MBA BJI

Municipal waste , commonly known as

trash or garbage (US), refuse or rubbish (UK) is a waste type consisting of : everyday items that are discarded by the public.

The composition of municipal waste varies greatly from country to country and changes significantly with time.

Waste collection is performed by the municipality within a given area.

Typical classification of Waste

Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (can also be recycled).

Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries etc.

Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris.

Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) - electrical appliances, TVs, computers, screens, etc.

Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as toys.

Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer and containers

Toxic waste including pesticide, herbicides, fungicides

Medical waste

The primary steps in Municipal Waste Management are: generation, collection, sorting and separation, transfer, and disposal.

Collection
includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied.

Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source

involves activities associated with waste management until the waste is placed in storage containers for collection. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source.

Separation and processing and transformation of solid wastes

separation of commingled wastes usually occur at a materials recovery facility, transfer stations, combustion facilities and disposal sites.

Transfer and transport

This element involves two main steps.

1. First, the waste is transferred from a smaller collection vehicle to larger transport equipment.

2. The waste is then transported, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal site.

Disposal
1. Landfill Disposal of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits.

2. Incineration
Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products. This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume.

3. Recycling
Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials

4. Biological reprocessing Recoverable materials that are organic in nature. Composting, Home composting, Anaerobic digestion, and Microbial fuel cell

5. Sustainability ability to maintaining ISO14001 accreditation by companies. Companies are encouraged to improve their environmental efficiencies each year by eliminating waste, which are sustainability-related activities

6. Energy

recovery

The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel.