Practical no. 6 Aim: To study density & colour measurement devices.

Theory:
Densitometer Densitometer is the simplest type of measurement instrument to measure the amount of light transmitted amount of and reflected from a sample. Densitometer is useful in process control & for measuring density of film, plates and printed sample. Densitometer not only determine optical density but parameter that characteristic halftone printing such as dot gain & relative printing contrast or in acceptors or trapping. However there we in colour management is limited .Densitometer cant compute visually related colour matrices such as X, Y,Z & LAB & cant therefore be used directly to 3 create ICC profiles or to measure colour difference in E.

The basic measurement principle of the densitometer.

Densitometer use red, green & blue filter to measure complementary colours, cyan, magenta & yellow. The fill filter complementary to the colour being measured used to so that there is no colour left in reflected & transmitted light. Thus densitometer measures only the amount of light and not only colour characteristic. Densitometer measure density with regards to transmitted density in the ratio of incident light to transmitted light .In regard to reflection it is the ratio of how much light is incident on the sample compared to how much reflect back. Reflected as transmitted light is collected through fillers & at different imaging geometric started mathematically density. D=log Ii/Ir Where, Ii = Intensity of incident light Ir = Intensity of reflected light Density equation involves a log function after measuring the ration of incident to transmitted light the densitometer performs a logarithmic calculation. The log function is

used in attempt to make measurement more akin to the way human eye responds to changes in lightness, this densitometer may limit attempt to limit of human vision .The unit of density eg. 0.2, 2.0. A typical reflection densitometer may have range of 0.05 to 3.0 where as a transmission densitometer may have densities in the range of 0.05 to 6.0 COLORIMETER : Colorimeter are compact light weight and relatively inexpensive. The main use of this in todays colour management is to make profiles for CRT & LCD display, colorimeter have 3 filler behind each of which is a small photo defector usually some sort of photodiode .The important aspect of colorimeter is that system has a responds equal to that of CIE standard observe so that instrument directly measure X, Y, Z FROM X Y Z value. The s/w can easily determine other colour measure such as LAB & YXY .The measurement configuration means that colorimeter cant record spectral data. It directly provide data from which to compute XYZ.

SPECTOROPHOTOMETER : One of the most significant benefits of spectrophotometer to colour the management users as the single instrument is used to colours all measurement. It can be used for individual reflections for spot measurement with appropriate adapters he same device can be used to make CRT & half panel display monitor profile. It can also be placed on an XY able to automatically measure 10000 of printed patches to make a printed profile .The spectrophotometer operate by splitting light in to its component colour & measuring how much there is at each wavelength light. Arriving an at instrument is split into component colour by diffraction grating.

The measurement principle of a spectrophotometer.

The diffraction grating is a glass slide containing many narrow & closely spaced vertical lines. Light diffracted by vertical bars are dispersed into rainbow of colour. The dispersed light is falls on a photo detector. It is possible to determine the amount of light at

each wavelength. It measures the most complex specification of colour from a spectrum the instrument can device XYZ & related to matrix.

Conclusion: Hence the colour & density measuring instruments are studied.