Honors Chemistry

Reaction Prediction and Observations

For the following reactions, in your lab notebook

Name _________________________________ Period ___ Date ______/______/______

U n i t 3 : T y p e s o f R e a c t i o n s

a) Predict the products of the reaction and balance the equation. b) Describe the observations you would make while the reaction proceeded. c) Determine the type of reaction. If it is a redox reaction, determine what is oxidized and reduced.

Equation: Cu(s) + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) BEFORE: copper is a brownish shiny metal, silver nitrate is colorless and clear solution AFTER: copper appears to disappear; crystals of shiny silver metal appear; the solution color turns to blue/green (due to the presence of Cu2+ ions) TYPE: Single Replacement/ Redox Cu is oxidized and Ag+ is reduced; 2 electrons were transferred. 1. A solution of copper (II) chloride is electrolyzed. Observe the two electrodes. Equation: CuCl2 (aq) = Cu(s) + Cl2 (g) Before: Clear, blue liquid. After: orange brown metal and bubbles Type: Decomposition Reaction (If applicable: oxidized? Cl2(aq) reduced? Cu(aq)

2. Zinc metal and iodine solid are mixed and react in the presence of water (water is not a reactant) Teacher demo Equation: Zn(s) + I2 (s) = ZnI2 (aq) Before: Black powder and whitish-gray strips of metal After: Solution of brown liquid. Type: Synthesis (If applicable: oxidized? Zn(s) reduced? I2 (s)

As we see in this photo, solid zinc metal and iodine solis are mixed in the presence of water and result in a brown aquious solution of zinc iodide.

3. Zinc iodide solution is electrolyzed. In a petri dish, dissolve a small amount of zinc iodide in 20 mL distilled water. Electrolyze the solution with the cork with 2 pins and the battery. After observing, add in 3 drops of starch solution. Equation: ZnI2(aq) = Zn(s) + I2(g) Before: A solution of clear liquid. After: Whitish grey strips of metal and purple gas. Type: Decomposition (If applicable: oxidized? I2(aq) reduced? Zn(aq) )

Zinc Iodide solution being electrolyzed using a battery and a cork with two electrodes. If you look carefully, you can see tiny pieces of zinc metal forming in the solution.

4. Sodium metal is added to water. Teacher Demonstration Equation: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) = 2Na(OH-)(aq) + H2(g) Before: Clear liquid and a white solid. After: Bubbles released and a clear liquid. Type: Single Replacement (If applicable: oxidized? Na(s) reduced? H2(l))

Sodium Metal being added to water. Apologies for the poor photo quality. However, hydrogen gas is being released (and if one looks closely they can see bubbles forming) and sodium hydroxide is also forming, causing the solution to go from a neutral state to a base.

5. Magnesium metal is added to hydrochloric acid. Sand a piece of magnesium metal. In a medium size test tube, add 2 cm of hydrochloric acid and the magnesium metal. Use your finger to close the top of the test tube while your partner lights a wooden splint. Quickly place the burning splint into the test tube without touching the liquid. Equation: Mg(s) + 2HCL (aq) = MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Before: Clear liquid with silver metal After: Clear liquid with H2 Bubbles. Type: Single Replacement oxidized? Mg(s) reduced? H (aq) in HCL (aq) Test for Hydrogen gas: Pop test, you place the two reactants in a test tube and put your thumb over it, so that no of the products or Hydrogen ga can escape, once you feel the pressure build beneath your thumb you can light the splint, and if the hydrogen gas is abundant then the will be a pop sound as soon as the splint touches the gas. Combustion reaction for hydrogen gas: The equation for the combustion reaction of hydrogen gas would simply be; 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2H2O (l)

Magnesium metal and hyrochloric acid before they are mixed. What will happen is the reaction will form magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas will be released. We will see the solution fizz and bubbles will form.

6. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes. Add some drops of potassium iodide solution to about 2cm deep hydrogen peroxide in a test tube . Equation: H2O2 (aq)= H2 (g) + O2 (g) Before: Clear liquid After: Two gasses Type: Decomposition oxidized? O2 (aq) in H2O2 (aq) reduced? H2 (aq) in H2O2 (aq) Equation: H2O2 (aq) + KI(aq) = HI(aq) + K2O(aq) Before: Clear liquid After: Two aqueous solutions, Type: Single Replacement oxidized? reduced? H2 (aq) in H2O2 (aq) Test for oxygen gas: You can put a glowing split inside the possible source of oxygen, if the oxygen is abundant then the splint will re ignite, and the oxygen will keep it burning.

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes as potassium iodide solution are added. We can see and orange-yellow solution formed and bubbles (oxygen gas) being released. The lighter is used for the gas test.

7. Solid copper (II) carbonate is heated and one of the resulting products is bubbled through limewater. (Teacher Demonstration).

Equation: Cu(CO3)2 (s) = CuO (s)+ CO2 (g) Before: Silver solid After: Solid and a gas Type: Decomposition oxidized? C(s) in Cu(CO3)2 (s) reduced? Cu(s) in Cu(CO3)2 (s) Equation: CO2 (g) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) = CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) Before: Clear liquid with CO2 Bubbles After: Solid with water Type: Double Replacement Test for carbon dioxide gas: If the Lime water or Ca(OH)2 (aq) solution starts to become cloudy then, you know that the carbon dioxide has reacted with the Lime water.

First copper (II) carbonate (the blue-green substance) is heated and decomposes. Then one of the resuting products (carbon dioxide gas) is bubbled through limewater (Ca(OH)2). The final resulting product is calcium carbonate and water.