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8 SETS, VECTORS AND FUNCTIONS

TASK 8.1
1. Given that e {1, 2, 3, . . ., 20}, list the members of the following subsets: a A {prime numbers} b B {odd numbers} c A\B d A[B e A \ B f A \ B 2. The figures in the diagram indicate the number of elements in each subset of e.
A 5 6 11 4 B

a b c d

Find n(A) Find n(A [ B) Find n(A \ B) Find n(A [ B)

3. In a school, there are 120 students in a particular year group. Out of those students, 100 study mathematics and 60 study physics. 15 students study neither mathematics nor physics. a Draw a Venn diagram illustrating this information. b Find n(M \ P) c Find n(M [ P) d Find n(M [ P) 4.
P Q

Draw three diagrams similar to that given above. Shade the following: a P\Q b P [ (Q \ R) c P \ Q \ R

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Sets, vectors and functions

5. Given that e {1, 2, 3, . . ., 10} and that A {1, 4, 6} and B {2, 4, 7, 8}, list the members of the following sets: a A\B b A c A \ B d (A \ B) e A [ B

TASK 8.2
      2 3 5 1. If k = , m= and n = , find as a column vector: 4 2 1 a 3m e 5k 2 n b 4n f 2k + 3m + 2 n c m+k g 4(m 2 n) d 2m + n h 1 (k + 2n)
2

2. Simplify the following vectors: a m + 2n 2 n b 2m + 3(m + 2n) d p + 3 ( q 2 2p)

2

c
2

e a + 2 (2a 2 b) + 1 b
3

1 (m 2 n) + n 2 3 a 2 1 ( a + c ) + 2b 2

3. Make a copy of this grid then write on the letters A to H so that: ! ! a OA = 2a b OB = a + 2b ! ! c OC = 2b d OD = 2a 2 2b ! ! e OE = 22a + b f OF = 2a 2b ! ! g OG = 22a 2 2b h OH = 2a + 3b

b a O

4. Express each vector in terms of a, b or c. ! ! ! a AC b CA c AD

! d BD

B b c C

D
! 5. KL =     ! 2 8 and MN = 5 20

KL is parallel to MN. Explain why.

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Sets, vectors and functions

6. KLMN is a rhombus. Express each vector in terms of m and n. ! ! ! a KN b MN c LN 7. M has co-ordinates (3, 1).     ! ! 4 3 MN = and MP = . 2 1 a Find the co-ordinates of N. b Find the co-ordinates of P. ! c Find NP as a column vector.

K
! d MK

L n

TASK 8.3
! 1. Write each vector as a column vector, eg. CD =  1 1 

B F C E A D

G d I e b c

2. Calculate the length (modulus) of a, b, c, d, and e in Question 1, leaving your answers in surd form.

3. Draw and label each vector below on squared paper.           ! ! 4 2 3 2 5 f = g = h = PQ = XY = 1 2 2 0 2 4. Write down the modulus (in surd form) of the vector with the longest length in Question 3 .

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Sets, vectors and functions

TASK 8.4
! ! 1. ML = p and LN = q. S is the midpoint of ML and T cuts MN in the ratio 2 : 1. Express the following vectors in terms of p and q. ! ! ! a MS b MN c MT ! ! ! d ST e SN f TL

N T

L M S B M a O 6a A C 12a D 4b N 3b a B

! ! ! ! 2. OA = 2OM; OC = 4ON Express the following vectors in terms of a and b. ! ! a AB b AC c Explain why A, B and C are collinear (lie on the same straight line) d Find the ratio AB : AC.

3. X cuts AB in the ratio 2 : 1. Y cuts DC in the ratio 1 : 2. Express the following vectors in terms of a and b. ! ! a XY b AD c Explain why AXYD is a parallelogram.

4. KLMN is a parallelogram. P is the midpoint of MN. ! PQ = a + 5b Express the following vectors in terms of a and b. ! ! ! ! a KN b LP c LQ d KQ e Explain why K, N and Q are collinear (lie on the same straight line) f Find the ratio KN : KQ.

2a 4b L 4a + 6b P M

TASK 8.5
1. If f (x) = 3x + 6, find the value of: a f ( z) b f (24) 2. If g (x) = x3, find the value of: a g (3) b g (21)

c f (21) c g (24)

d f (200)   d g 1
2

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Sets, vectors and functions

3. If h(x) = (x + 3)2, find the value of: a h(4) b h(0) 4. If fx = x + 3x 1 , find the value of:
x+4
2

c h(22) c f (21)

d h(p) d f (w)

a f (0)

b f (1)

5. If f (x) = 2x + 7, find the value of x when f (x) = 23. 6. If g (x) = 4x 2 18, find the value of x when g (x) = 226. 7. If hx = 5 3x , find the value of x when h(x) = 24.
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8. If g (x) = x2 2 3x, find the values of x when g (x) = 18. 9. If f (x) = x2 + 8, find the values of w when f (w) = 6w. 10. If f (x) = 14, find the value(s) of x when a f (x) = 20 2 2x b f (x) = x2 2 5x 11. If g (x) = 3x + 2, write down each function below: a g (x) 2 6 b 4g (x) + 1 c 5 2 g (x) c f (x) = x2 2 8x + 14 d 2 2 6g (x)

12. If f (x) = 5x 2 3 and g (x) = 2x + 9, solve f (x) + 4 = 3 2 g (x) 13. If f (x) = 4x + 5 then f (x 2 3) = 4(x 2 3) + 5 = 4x 2 7 Write down the function f (2x + 1). 14. If g (x) = 3x 2 6, write down each function below: a g (x + 4) b g (2x) c g (2x)

TASK 8.6
For questions 1 and 2, the functions f, g and h are as follows: fx 2x 3 gh x2 1 hx x 4 1. Find the following: a gf b hf c fg d fh e gh f fgh 2. Evaluate: a fg4 b hg2 c gh1 d gf2 e fgh3 f gfh0

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Sets, vectors and functions

In questions 3 to 8, find the inverse of each function: 3. fx x 4 4. fx 2x 1 5. fx x2 3 6. fx x 22 7. fx 8. fx

x 3 2 x2 1 4

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