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59. Which equation illustrates the multiplicative
identity property for real numbers?
A. x+0=x C. x 1 x =
*

B. / x 1 x 1 = D. x 0 0 =

60. The terms of a sum may be grouped in any
manner without affecting the result. This is
known as:
A. Commutative Law C. Associative Law*
B. Distributive Law D. Reflexive Law

61. If equals are added to equals, the results are
equal.
A. corollary C.axiom*
B. postulate D.theorem

62. A mathematical argument that appears to
prove something that we know is incorrect.
A. axiom C. fallacy *
B. theorem D. lemma

63. It is an algebraic expression consisting of
two terms.
A. binomial* C. monomial
B. dinomial D. dounomial

64. Googol is one of the smallest large
numbers. What does it stands for?
A. 1 followed by a hundred 0s*
B. 1 followed by a thousand 0s
C. 1 followed by a million 0s
D. 1 followed by a billion 0s

65. Irrational numbers are also known as?
A. tetrahedral numbers
B. prime numbers
C. transcendental numbers*
D. vulgar numbers

66. A number which is divisible by the sum of its
own digits is called
A. abundant number C. palindrome
B, Harshad number* D. friendly number

67. Who introduced the multiplication symbol X
in mathematics?
A. John Wallis C. Leonard Euler
B. Pierre de Fermat D.William Oughtred*

68. Who introduced the symbol = for equality?
A. Robert Recorde* C. Bramaguptha
B. Rene Descartes D. Pythagoras
69. Who invented the symbol n! for factorial of
n?
A. Chritian Kramp*
B. Francois Viete
C. Ptolemy
D. Augustus de Morgan

70. Who gave the symbol i for 1 ?
A. George Boole C. Bhaskara
B. Euclid D. Leonard Euler*

71. If the roots of an equation are zero, the
then are classified as
A. hyperbolic solution
B. zeros of function
C. extraneous roots
D. trivial solution *

72. Binary number system is a system of
notation for real numbers that uses the
place value method with 2 as the base.
What is another name of binary number
system?
A. Binary digits
B. Binumber system
C. Dyadic number system*
D. Bits
73. The number o.123123123 is a/an
A. irrational number C. surd
B. rational * D. transcendental

74. MCMXCIV is the Roman Numeral
equivalent to
A. 1974 C. 1984
C. 1994 * D. 2994

75. Any combination of symbols and numbers
related by the fundamental operation of
algebra is called a/an
A. Equation
B. algebraic expression*
C. term
D. algebraic sum


GOD BLESS!




BASIC MATHEMATICS

1.1 Number System
1.2 Significant Figures
1.3 Greatest Common Factor
1.4 Least Common Multiple
1.5 Laws of Exponents
1.6 Laws of Logarithm
1.7 Theory of Equations

1.1 - NUMBER SYSTEM













Complex number is an expression
involving a combination of real and
imaginary numbers. They are written in
the form:

a bi +

Where a and b are real numbers.

Thus, the complex number -2 + 3i has the
real part -2 and the imaginary part 3.
a 0 = : a bi + is a pure imaginary
b 0 = : a bi + is a real number


Real Numbers are the rational and
irrational numbers taken together.


{ }
4
2, 5, 4, 0, 2/ 3, 3/ 4, 2, 3, , 2,etc t



Imaginary numbers are the square roots of
negative numbers.

3 i 3 = is an imaginarynumber

Rational Numbers
Are numbers which can be expressed in
the form m/n, where m and n are integers
andn 0 = .

{ } 2, 5, 4, 0, 2/ 3, 3/ 4, etc


I rrational Numbers
Are numbers, which cannot be expressed
in the form m/n.


{ }
4
2, 3, , 2,etc t
I ntegers
Are the natural numbers, along with their
negatives, and zero (0).

: { } 3, 1,0,3,5,etc.


Natural Numbers
Are numbers, except 0, formed by one or
more of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and 0. Also known as Positive I ntegers or
countingnumbers.

: { } 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,...


Wholenumbers
Are the positive integers and 0.

: { } 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,...

Even Numbers
Are integers divisible by 2 such as 2, 4, 6,
8,..etc.

General Form: 2n


1 8
COMPLEX NUMBERS
REAL
IMAGINARY
RATIONAL
IRRATIONAL
INTEGERS
NON
INTEGERS
(+)INTEGERS
(-)INTEGERS
0 NATURAL NOS.


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Odd Numbers
Are integers not exactly divisible by 2
such as 7, 11, 5,etc.

General Form: 2n + 1
Where n is an integer

CompositeNumbers
Are natural numbers that are neither 1 nor
a prime number.

: { } 4,6,8,10,12,etc.

PrimeNumbers
Are natural numbers that are divisible by 1
and itself only.

: { } 2,3,5,7,11,etc.


TYPES OF PRIME NUMBERS:
1. Euler primesor Symmetric primes
Theses are pairs of prime numbers that
are equidistant from a given number on a
number line.

3 & 5, 3 & 7, 5 & 7,
and 5 & 11, etc.


2. Twin primes
These are pairs of two consecutive odd
prime numbers that differ by 2.
3 & 5, 5 & 7, and 11 &
13, 17 & 19, etc.

3. Emirp
Are prime numbers that remain a prime
when its digits are reversed.

11, 13, 17, 31, 71, 73,
79, 101, 113, etc.

4. Mersenneprimes
These prime numbers can be made from the
expression
n
2 1 . This method for
generating prime numbers works only when
n itself is prime, but not always. For
example, it works when n = 2, 3, 5 or 7 but
not when n is 11, and not when n = 23 as
well as several other prime values.
3, 7, and 31, etc.

Quick facts about 0,1 and 2 that you
should know:

The number 0 (zero) is not a natural number, but
is considered as a whole number.
Number 1 is neither a prime number nor a
composite number.
The number 2 is the only even number that is
also a prime number.

PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
The set of real numbers is closed under
addition and multiplication. This means that
adding or multiplying two or more real
numbers always results to another number
that belongs to the same set of real numbers.


The order of adding two or more numbers of a
sum or multiplying two or more factors of a
product does not affect the result.

When two or more real numbers are added or
multiplied together, no matter how the
numbers are grouped, or associated, when
performing the operation the result is not
affected.

The product of a number aby the sum of
two or more numbers (b +c +d +) is
equal to the sum of the products ab, ac,
ad,

43. If In x
2
= (In x)
2
solve for x:
A. 2 in x C. In x
B. e
2
*

D. e
2x


44. If (2 log x to the base 4) (log 9 to the base
4) = 2, find x,
A. 12* C. 9
B. 21 D. 8

45. Solve for x if log3
x
81 16 =
A. 12 C. 3
B. 4* D. 2

46. If
x
f(x) 10 1 = + , find f(x 1) f(x) + .
A. 1 C. 9(10
x
)*
B. 10(10
x
) D. 9(10
x
+1)

47. If ( ) x 3 is a factor of the
polynomial
4 3 2
x 4x 7x kx 24 + + , what is
the value of k?
A. 11 C. 22*
B. 12 D. 24

48. If x : y : z 4: 3: 2 = and
2x 4y 3z 20 + = , find x,y,z.
A. -8, 6, -4 * C. 7,-5, 6
B. -5, 4,-6 D. 9, -4, 5

49. If
2
f(x 1) 1 x = + , then what is f(x) ?
A.
2
x 2x 1 + + C.
2
x 2x 1
B.
2
x 2x 2 + + * D.
2
x 2x 2

50. How many positive real solutions are
there in the polynomial:
4 3 2
x -4x +7x -6x-18=0 .
A. 3 or 0 C. 1 or 0
B. 1 or 2 D. 3 or 1*











51. Which of the following equations defines the
associative property of addition?
A. (a + b) c = ac + bc
B. a + b = b + a
C. a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c*
D. a + b = c + d

52. Which equation illustrates the additive
inverse property of real numbers?
A. =
1
a 1
a
C. + = a 0 a

B. ( ) + = a a 0 * D. ( ) + = a a 1


53. What is the multiplicative inverse of
x
2
( = x 0 )?
A. x/2 C. 2/x*
B. 1 D. 0

54. What is the additive inverse of -2a?
A. 2a* C. 1/2a
B. 2/a D. a/2

55. What is the identity element for addition?
A. 0* C. 1
B. -1 D. 2

56. What is the identity element for
multiplication?
A. 0 C. 1*
B. -1 D. 1/a

57. If a = b =a. This illustrates which axiom in
Algebra?
A. Transitive axiom
B. Replacement axiom
C. Reflexive axiom
D. Symmetric axiom*

58. In algebra, the operation of root extraction is
called ________.
A. convolution C. revolution
B. evolution* D. resolution

1 2 O 4 O 6 O 8 9 10 11 12 13
2 7


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20. Find the value of x which will satisfy the
following expression x - 2 x 2 = +
A. 3/2 C. 9/4
B. 9/2 D. no solution *
21. Find the value of x to satisfy the following
equations:
x + y = 7;
2 2
x + 2y = 34
A. 3 C. 4 *
B. 2 D. 5

22. Solve for x if + + =
2 2
log ( x 2) log ( x 2) 5 ?
A. 9 C. 7
B. 8 D. 6 *
23. Solve for x: = 2x 2x 1 6x 2 .
A. C. *
B. 2 D. 4
24. Evaluate:
log 8
2
4 .
A. 24 C. 32
B. 64* D. 58
25. Simplify:
x x 4
x 2 x 3
27 9
81 3

.
A. 3-x C. 3x
B. 0 D. 1 *
26. Solve for x: + = x x 1 x 1
A. 13/25 C. 17/25
B. 16/25 * D. 22/25

27. If
y x
27 9 = and
z y
16 8 = , then what is
the value of x:y:z?
A. 1:3:6 C. 3:1:2
B. 6:2:1 D. 6:4:3 *

28. If =
x
10 4 , find the value of
2x+1
10 .
A. 120 C. 240
B. 160* D. 180
29. If 2x + 4y = 7x 6y, then =
y
1
:
x
1

A. 2:1 C. 1:2 *
B. 3:1 D. 1:3

30. If x 3 is a factor of +
3 2
kx 6x 2kx 12.
Solve for k.
A. 2 * C. 1
B. 3 D. 2

31. The constant remainder when x
30
-2x+5 is
divided by x+1.
A. 8* C. 6
B. 4 D. 2
32. Solve for x: + =
+
4 9
2
x 3 x 2
.
A. 5 C. 7 *
B. 6 D. 4

33. Find the upper bounds for the real roots of
the equation 2x
3
-5x
2
-7x+4=0.
A. 4* C. 2
B. 3 D. 5
34. Solve for x if In (x
2
+x-2) = In 2x+In(x-1)
A. 4 C. 2*
B. 3 D. 5

35. If 8
x
=3, find the value of 2
6x
.
A. 9* C. 8
B. 2 D. 4
36. Solve for x if
x y 2
8 2
+
=
and
3x y y
16 4

=

A. 1 C. 3
B. 2* D. 4

37. Find the value of x:
Log 6 + x log 4 = log 4 + log (32+4
x
)
A. 3* C. 4
B. 2 D. 5
38. Solve for x:
x 1
16 8
+
=

A. 1/4* C. 2
B. 1/2 D. 3

39. If 1/x = a + b, 1/y = a b, then x y is equal
to
A. 2b/(b
2
a
2
) * C. 2a/(a
2
b
2
)
B. 1/2a D. 1/2b

40. Find the value of x if

c a b
x = log a log b log c

A. b c/a C. 1*
B. a b/c D. c a/b

41. Solve for x if log x
2
= (log x)
2.

A. 1,10 C. 10,100
B. 1,100* D. 2,10

42. If log (9!) = 5.5598. What is the log of 10!
A. 6.5598* C. 7.5598
B. 4.5598 D. 8.5598
Additive Identity
When zero (0) is added to a real
number, the sum is the real number
itself.

Additive Inverse
The additiveinverseof a real number
is its opposite, so that the sum of that
number and its additive inverse is 0.

1.2 - SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

RULES REGARDING SIGNIFICANT FIGURES:
O All nonzero digits are significant.
O All zeroes between two nonzero digits
are significant
O All zeroes to the right of an understood
decimal point and following a nonzero
digit are significant.
O For values less than one, zeroes
immediately to the right of an
understood decimal point but to the left
of a nonzero digit are not significant.

1.3 - GREATEST COMMON FACTOR
RULE: To find the G.C.F., factor the given
numbers in canonical form and MULTIPLY the
common prime factors with least exponent in
the given numbers.

1.4 - LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
The Least Common Multiple of two or more
numbers is the least integer that is a multiple
of each of the given numbers

RULE: To find the L.C.M., factor the given
numbers in canonical form and MULTIPLY
all unique prime factors and the common
factors with the highest exponent.


( )( ) Product of Two Numbers = H.C.F. L.C.M.


1.5 - LAWS OF EXPONENTS

m n m n
x x x
+
= ;
m
m n
n
x
x
x

= ,
x 0 =
( )
n
m mn
x x = ;
0
x 1, x 0 = =

n
n
1
x
x

= , x 0 = ; ( )
p
n
m mnp
x x
(
=
(


( )
( )
m
m m
n n n
ax a x
, (provided b 0, y 0)
b y by
= = =

1.6 LOGARITHM

The logarithm of any number N to a given
base a is the index x to which the base must
be raised to make it equal to the given
number.


a
x
x log N logarithmic form
a N exponential form
=
=

Where, x is the logarithm of N to the base a.

TYPES OF LOGARITHM
Natural Logarithm or Napierian
Logarithm: (Using base e)

Properties of Natural Logarithm:


( )
n
n lnx
lnxy lnx lny lne 1
x
ln lnx lny lne n
y
lnx n lnx e x
= + =
= =
= =

O Common Logarithm or Briggssian Logarithm:
(Using base 10)

Properties of Common Logarithm:
( )
a
a
log n
n n
a
N
logxy logx logy log a 1
x
log logx logy a n
y
logx n logx log a n
logM
log M log1 0
logN
= + =
= =
= =
= =


> Note:
Negative numbers have no real logarithm.
2
3 6


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Relationship between Natural and Common
Logarithm:
Mlnx logx =
Where:

10
M modulus of logarithm
=log e
=0.434...
=


1.7 - THEORY OF EQUATIONS

Number of Roots of an Equation:
Every rational integral equation f(x) 0 = of
the n
th
degree has exactly n roots.

The Remainder Theorem:
If a polynomial f(x) is divided by ( ) x k ,
the remainder is f(k).

The Factor Theorem:
If ( ) x k is a factor of a polynomial f(x),
then, the remainder f(k)=0.


Descartes rule of signs determines the
maximum number of positive and negative
real roots that a polynomial will have by
counting the number of sign variations in the
polynomial. The polynomial must have real
coefficients and be arranged in terms of
descending powers of x.
The number of positive real roots of a
polynomial f(x) = 0 is either equal to the
number of variations in sign of f(x) or
less than that number by an even
integer.

The number of negative real roots of a
polynomial f(x) is either equal to the
number of variations in sign of f(-x) or
less than that number by an even
integer .





1. Three students weigh an item using different
scales. These are the values they report:
a. 20.03 g b. 20.0 g
c. 0.2003 kg d. 0.20030 kg
How many significant figures should be
assumed in each measurement?

2. A choir director at your school wants to
divide the choir into smaller groups. There
are 24 sopranos, 60 altos, and 36 tenors.
Each group will have the same number of
each type of voice.
A. What is the greatest number of groups
that can be formed?

3. A beacon flashes its light every 12 seconds,
another every 18 seconds and a third every
minute. At 12:00 noon the three flash
simultaneously. Find out the times when the
three flash simultaneously again in the next
five minutes.
4. Given the equation:
2 2
3 3
- 17
x + x =
4
. Find
the value of x.

5. Solve for x in the equation: 3
x
+ 9
x
= 27
x
.

6. Find the value of x which will satisfy the
following expression x - 2 x 2 = + .
7. Simplify:
+

+ + +
2 2
3x 1 x 3 1
x 1 x 3x 2 x 2

8. Solve for x: log 3 81=x.

9. Solve for x: log x 27+logx3=2

10. Given: log (x
2
+ 3x) + log 5x = 1 + log 2x.
Find x.

11. If log 2 = x and log 3 = y, find log 1.2 in
terms of x and y.

12. The polynomial x
3
+4x
2
-3x+8 is divided by (x
5). What is the remainder?

13. If (x + 4) is a factor of x
3
+2x
2
-7x+k what is
the value of k?





1. Given:
a a
log x 5y log y = + . Find the value
of x.
A.
y 5
a x = C. ay 5 x =
B.
y
a 5 x = D.
y 5
ya x = *

2. Round off 0.003086 to three significant
figures.
A. 0.00309* C. 0.003
B. 0.00308. D. 0.31x10
-2


3. Determine the sum of the positive valued
solution to the simultaneous equations: xy
= 15 , yz = 35 , zx = 21.
A. 15* C. 17
B. 13 D. 19
4. Simplify: + +
3 5
logx logx logx
A.
( )
3 5
l og x+x +x C. 9 log x *
B. x 9 log D. 15 log x
5. Simplify:
x x
log( x )
A.
2
x logx * C.
2
xlogx
B. 2xlogx D. xlog( 2x)

6. Find the LCM of the numbers 15, 21, 36.
A. 1260 * C. 3
B. 9 D. 36

7. What is the GCF of 27, 81, and 108?
A. 27 * C. 81
B. 324 D. 3
8. If 3x = 4y, then
2
2
3x
4y
=
A. 3/4 C. 4/3 *
B. 27/64 D. 9/16

9. A businessman goes to Chicago every 18
days for one day and another businessman
every 24 days, also for only one day. Today,
both men are in Chicago. Within how many
days will the two business men be
in Chicago again at the same time?
A. 32 days B. 54 days
B. 72 days* D. 98 days
10. If ( )( ) k 3 x 2 x = + , then ( )( ) 5 x 4 x + is
equal to _____.
A. k 9 C. k 14 *
B. 2k 9 D. k 18

11. What is the value of +
2 3
log 5 log 5 ?
A. 3.787 * C. 3.521
B. 3.322 D. 3.054
12. If x y = 5 and xy = k, then x
2
+ y
2
=
A. 25k C. 25 + 2k *
B. 25 k D. 25 2k

13. Alex has two pieces of cloth. One piece is 72
inches wide and the other piece is 90 inches
wide. He wants to cut both pieces into strips
of equal width that are as wide as possible.
How wide should he cut the strips?
A. 18* C. 10
B. 9 D. 6

14. Ben exercises every 12 days and
Isabel every 8 days. Ben and Isabel
both exercised today. How many days
will it be until they exercise together
again?
A. 34 C. 24*
B. 12 D. 18
15. Divide
4 2
x - 10x - 9x - 20 by x 4. What is
the remainder?
A. 50 C. 40 *
B. 45 D. 38
16. What is the value of
| |
|
\ .
| |
|
|
\ .
1
8
3 1
log
4 128
?
A. 2 C. 5/4
B. 7/4 * D. 4/5
17. What is the value of x if
5
log x 3 = ?
A. 120 C. 135
B. 130 D. 125 *
18. Solve for x:
2 x
log x log 2 2 + =
A. 1 C. 2 *
B. 0 D. 4

19. What is the remainder when
3 2
3x 3x 4x 13 + is divided by (x 2)?
A. 20 C. 15 *
B. 18 D. 16
Take Home Exam
4
5