Modeled Anthropomorphic Figurines From Northern Chile

Maney Publishing
MODELED ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINES FROM NORTHERN CHILE Author(s): Delbert Leroy True and Lautaro Nez Atencio Source: awpa Pacha: Journal of Andean Archaeology, No. 9 (1971), pp. 65-86 Published by: Maney Publishing Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27977601 . Accessed: 24/10/2013 10:24
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Maney Publishing is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to awpa Pacha: Journal of Andean Archaeology.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 146.83.111.1 on Thu, 24 Oct 2013 10:24:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
65
MODELED ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINES FROMNORTHERN CHILE

D. L. True and Lautaro Nu?ez A.
Introduction anthropomorphic Although South few America, very of Chile. Recent figurines have been are known from many parts from the northern
of
Andean
reported
provinces
the Quebrada excavations along produced Tarapac? a led to and of the occurrences of re-examination figurines a at northern in Chile of This is those r?sum? large. paper figurines so resources known for All the far this included, specimens region. small and forms an inadequate is very for any detailed basis sample or comparative the context and nature However, analysis. typological some of the included even a that r?sum? suggest specimens descriptive would be of interest and importance. several Based cultural 1. complex Chile. 2. material, Figurines from the on the the nature sample of the can be with coastal figurines subdivided has been of the and into the associated three categories: the Chinchorro of Tarapac?,
of
associated northern
what regions
termed Province
Tarapac?, del the Faldas in the vicinity
Figurines found
a cemetery on the Quebrada Province Tarapac?, to be part with materials association considered on the basis of Morro complex, described originally of Arica. from in
of of finds
recovered 3. Figurines from those (1966-67), apart are believed These figurines 1 and in categories 2, and
from excavations in the Quebrada Tarapac? to the Faldas Morro complex. del attributed to be more recent those in time than placed not as to have been identified yet they to several similar of the figurines cultural affiliation. Specimens 1 have been mentioned and are known at in category in print included to 2 and 3 Those Chilean in least casually categories specialists. not been described have previously.
Chinchorro The Chinchorro complex is believed to represent few coastal a fairly locations of early in Peru.
cultural manifestation, of north the extreme The early from inventory in the several of
material
to a limited seemingly Chile and perhaps the southernmost remains of or includes Chilean prehistory sites. elaborately and
province prepared been have have been
investigations Chinchorro
mummies recovered
nated momias estatuillas
by Mart?nez and Munizaga
Chinchorro-like
They
(1961,
p.
9).
The
desig
66
artifacts museum
Aborigines de Arica (Uhle, was proposed same material

described, of the inventories were
Chinchorro
complex
was
first
or
The term Chinchorro for the 1919, pp. 4-21). Some Chinchorro by Dauelsberg (1963, p. 201).
at least collections and mentioned, made in the course of in the the Munizaga Museo Hist?rico of
described
by
Uhle
under
the
designation
Uhle
Nacional
with these associated the prepared mummies,
de Santiago
(Munizaga,
collections, are being
1957, p.
studied
97).
Skeletal
materials
characteristics (personal
communication,
have
1966).
Alvarez
is being processed for publication Chile Regional Museum, Iquique, by The eight figurines described Lautaro N?fiez. below are from the Nielsen
collection
published Nielsen important
additional collection,
comments
(1961,
on
p.
especially by Juan
Chinchorro located
3),
and N?fiez (1965,
presently
The materials. in the University
pp. 45-48)
very of
coast
to the south of the town of Iquique

In the descriptions that follow,
and
were
excavated
from
the
site
Patillos
(see
the
fig.
number
1).
2,
located
on
the
the inventory number in the Nielsen represents Chile Regional Museum, Iquique).
a human
after
each
heading
catalog This
(University
of
1. Anthropomorphic head fragment

made by head the Between forming a
and infant. paste of melted evidence spaces containing was probably of from plants derived on the Pampa de Tamarugal indigenous Patillos.
paste the skull
of a human skull fragmented are there occasional fragments or pitch. here The resin resin are the genus which Prosopis some 30 km. inland at site from the
over
(2552).
a
specimen represents
a dark color. gray Preliminary some small wind blown sand, analysis of ash or ground amounts carboniferous sea water, when mixed with carboniferous material. This material, appears use of ash the paste as an adhesive Similar to act and holds together. can be documented as a binding from more recent and sea water agent were used as mortar same area, such mixtures where in wall in the contexts a high-density that is easy The combination construction. paste produces The paste and has is unfired of that it consists indicated amounts and substantial of clay to model contained and an has considerable organic binder It is weight. such as the resin possible described that the above. paste also
eye. may represent a red area was painted with facial entire are: 5.3 width of the fragment cm., length
hard
A single
oblique
an
incision
No other
made after
facial stain 5.5
features or
the paste
are wash. and
On the basis it is series,

centimeters
of these
length.
in
dimensions and those from other figurines suggested that the complete figurine was between head (2553).
cm.,
The depicted. The dimensions 2.8 cm. thickness
was dry and
in the 20 and 25
same
2. Complete anthropomorphic
paste material was polished
A modeled head made of the

surface of the Two been striations.
specimen
for described and smoothed
incised
mark
or
points
incision.
represent
A nose
eyes,
and
and a mouth is formed by a single

ridge features have
1. The figurine obvious and lacks
punctate
supraorbital
67
modeled but the
into
the
pigment
paste. has been
The badly
face
was
eroded.
probably
painted
white
and
red,
the head Because is intact, it is not possible to examine or construction can be described. and no internal features interior, The density made X-ray of the paste material examinations inconclusive. are: of this The dimensions 3.2 width 2.5 cm., cm., length specimen thickness 2.5 cm.
its
and
face. jaw or lower are modeled, nose or punctate ations
3. Complete anthropomorphic figurine (2554) (see fig. 3a). head on this specimen has a generally oval shape with a slightly
Facial while marks. features mouth and such as nostrils
kind.
linear shallow depression or wig. for a hair piece
termination.
The body of the figurine

The section is are indicated. of that over the
arches and a supraorbital are small indicated by perfor The upper of the head is marked part by a as a point which may have of attachment served was covered The face with red pigment of some
The jutting
is cylindrical
oval.
characteristics
slightly
No extremities
with a tapering
or conical
sex
or
Examination the and paste was not indicate formed
interior
this specimen a bony frame this As a result of the X-ray firms observation. however, examination, some interior to determine of construction. it was possible details The core not especially to be made of a light, of the torso appears compact core was cracks material marked and This interstices. by numerous more a second was of much and covered with which compacted paste layer dense. The compaction finishing figurine as are 4. operations. 1 but is not follows: length resulted from the polishing probably to that The paste is similar described as and dense texture. in heavy quite 17.5 width 6.2 cm., and thickness cm., and surface for The dimensions 5.5 cm.
of cracks and in by means joints not skeletal does contain material con of any kind. examination X-ray
The (2555) (see 3b). fig. figurine Complete anthropomorphic an oval with lower is this face. The elongate slightly specimen a nose a as to form marked The and such in line. face way jaw projects a were are and formed mouth arches modeled. with Eyes supraorbital was still the paste wet. Below the mouth marks while it is punctate rows see to two of small horizontal incised markings forming possible a stylized or slashes. This beard vertical short may represent design the eyes, In the area above faint horizontal adornment. facial other head of marks kind. can be The detected has face that an may also undercoating represent of green facial pigment of adornment a over which come divides detect resin used some second
coat
are
or seam where the paste of a joint indications layers a seems to central demarcation which form line This joint to the two sections. it is head into joint Along possible near the upper of the head. This resin of vegetable part a binder or may have a hairpiece been to fasten been used of the head itself. construction The torso has a tapered termination with an oval
of white paint
has been applied.
On the back side
of the head there

together. the traces may have in the
section.
68
No limbs paste paste above.
or
sex as
are a
indicated. result to be of the similar
Some
fine
striations
are
surface
or A thin this is unfired. others, figurine slip the covered of clay but this has film surface, eroded, originally slip a few small a central and only examination remain. reveals X-ray patches core dense surrounded of some kind made of a relatively material, by thin core an areas outer between the nature of The and of open layer paste. core not been has the central and material which of it this determined, is made cannot of this figurine ness cm. 4.1 be identified without damaging are as follows: 13.5 length the cm., specimen. width 5.6 The cm., thick
seems itself the As with
and finishing smoothing to that described for
on present processes. the specimens
the The
dimensions
a separate characterized torso, specimen rectangular by a roughly The to the and well-defined head limbs. is small modeled head, compared to torso. above but is the described attached proportional specimens face with recog oval in form and has a well-defined The head is roughly torso Arms are has clearly defined features. The shoulders. nizable as not as The attached elements. modeled of the torso and part appliqu? one to be separated from but this effect lower limbs may another, appear area. The original to some breakage in this be due in part configuration of the lower
figurine
(2556)
(see
fig.
3d).
The paste and brown is not clear. in color is light limbs of all of the carboniferous in less material contains present seemingly seems to so far described. The resinous the figurines material likewise was not fired. It appears that the entire be lacking. The paste specimen a red clay was coated after white the head was painted with which, slip, in green. elements added with decorative but it this is complete, For all purposes, specimen practical a one Because of is and in several leg missing. places portion was the where the head it at the neckline torso, joins possible as well as to see the paste in cross of the head interior the examine was enclosed of a bird that the cranium disclosed Examination section. was the head. This observation confirmed the paste within by forming that the enclosed the remains and indicated who examined R. Casamiquela of a sea communica Oceanites oceanicus was that skull swallow, (personal was also of confirmed this skull The 1967). presence by X-ray tion, core for the specimens construction described The internal photographs. was modeled the figurine was missing Instead in this above figurine. is of to broken a break around a series of Such
a long-thorned cactus found in the of quisco, spines the to were from taken cacti genus belonging usually spines region. of the Chinchorro to be an imitation core of spines This Cerus. appears adults of both the body cavities into wooden sticks of placing practice of The as the dimensions of and children mortuary preparations. part cm. 2.3 are: thickness width 5.0 17.2 this cm., cm., length specimen
figurine complete face has a flat jaw. Facial by punctate with an oval that
features, holes.
head termination. and head tapering a defined with out from the torso, clearly projects are are modeled. a nose, indicated Eyes including nose the the beneath Small may represent depressions a
figurine
(2514)
(see
fig.
4a).
A
The
69
The face was originally of some kind of facial adornment. or with a thin white the At wash. most of slip time, present is missing, and the remainder this is in poor condition. pigmentation or seam, of the head The upper has a slightly groove part depressed two of the modeled sections head. This groove joining may seemingly or wig. of attachment for a hair mark the point piece remains covered The jaw material with The dimensions thickness 7. 5.3 Complete differs the lower of any kind, extremities is modeled around torso, lacking of a dolphin. The paste of sand and carboniferous consists as cementing or binders. resins vegetable possible agents are: of this width 22.7 7.3 cm., cm., length specimen cm.
This (see 3c). (2623) anthropomorphic figurine fig. somewhat from those The head described above. here is figurine are the torso the dominant and and The minimized. element, appendages are made of a head in clay, the torso is modeled while and extremities a core around wool of fine heavier yarn wrapped cordage. the head The paste is light brown in color in but has forming a been tinted with reddish-brown The most part pigment. aspect striking over is the featureless of the head mask of paste the facial portions. This treatment masklike is typical of prepared in the mummies found A covers turban miniature of wool Chinchorro finished complex. finely the top of the head. This which is brown in color, is element, light on both of the head. It is fastened twisted sides with a cactus spine to those to hold on mummies used similar full-sized found pin headpieces taken from the same site. A swatch of human hair at the back is exposed of the turban hair piece of a pubic ous lengths Both in brown. light found on the garments the same site (Patilio The skirt lower end of to for consist form a One limbs. arm in some places to be fastened appears cover or skirt. The of wool yarn pendent and color bodies 2). and of where to the facial the turban. element has cracked. to the reaches itself is made of The skirt color to is similar skirt It recovered mask
This level
waistband. manufacture the both adults and children
skirtlike from a
vari is from
to
the
extremities together stitute the head.
nature The extremely of the is represented. fragile careful after visual examination. However, X-ray precluded specimen that the it seems all circumstances considered, unlikely examination, some the of for the of material contains head any reported bony portion are: of The above. dimensions this described length figurine specimens 3.8 cm. thickness 5.1 cm., width 12.H cm., The fragmentary (2551). figurine fragment Anthropomorphic of makes kind detailed of this any description specimen that on the available it appears Based sible. fragments, likely was made of paste similar was tapered and the figurine termination 8.
at the waist is fastened and extends covering pubic the lower extremities. These figurine, covering twisted or coils of three of wool material skeins as a stylized intended sub termination tapered only are to The torso and extremities subordinate clearly the
or
condition
impos the to that
70
of
the
specimens
described
above.
Comments as represented Chinchorro figurines, Based several be subdivided into categories. are two basic groups represented: 1. All Figurines with in this with terminations tapered or lack limbs group essentially in the present sample, on general configuration, can
and other
large body
specimens 2.
stylized features. and
faces.
Figurines configurations. In the
naturalistic
proportions
limb
the first into category. are further subdivisions a. b. c. Figurines Figurines that that
present
sample, Within
all this
complete grouping
specimens (category
except 1) at
one least
fall three
represented: contain contain elements elements of of human skeletal skeletal material. material.
nonhuman
or seem to include framework do not that any skeletal Figurines in is unique in the latter One specimen of bone. inclusions category of made coils twisted is of in fashioned the torso, that clay, normally wool yarn. to with respect above cited not The or known. is whatever, time, through changes practices, that that there ail is no doubt is such of the however, sample, of the were made as miniature so far examined of the figurines copies are no ages of the Chinchorro mummies Although complex. typical prepared has been the Chinchorro known for the figurines tentatively complex per se, from the on the same wood sample two determinations radiocarbon dated by and 5220 ? 170 radiocarbon (3270 at Pisagua site B.C.), years Viejo, The significance of the differences cultural nature
4880 ? 320 radiocarbon

material
Chinchorro preagriculturai. more detailed descriptions
is
years
(2730 B.C.)
to
(IVIC
considered
following
and
works:
All figurines of Chinchorro discussion in general, of the complex
be preceramic, so far have found
170;
so far and, been unfired.
N?fiez, 1966, p.
at
108).
characteristics cultural refer the reader should
least, For and to the
Uhle,
1917,
1918,
1964;
Munizaga,
1961;
Munizaga,
and
1919;
N?fiez, 1965,
1961.
1966;
Mart?nez
Alvarez,
Faldas Material
del
Morro del the Morro site Complex TarapacS in in this
to the Faldas attributed Lautaro was N?fiez from excavated by report reaches of the lower the located 40, along of Caserones 2). district (fig.
designated
Quebrada
TarapacS the
71
as on it is presently is based del Faldas Morro, defined, com This recovered and studied material 201). p. by Dauelsberg (1963, con ruinas "Per?odo las material includes designated contempor?neo plex a terminology now superseded de Chavin" pp. 21-23), (1917, by Uhle to the type In the site in addition designation. locally Dauelsberg by a at least the del Morro Faldas has coastal distribution complex Arica, as Pisagua, and recent the Quebrada excavations inland as far south along Tarapac? site this complex. In ceramic this phase attribution. to this appears general, complex at in this Indications region. out of some 100 burials Here of the earliest part 40 tend to confirm Tarapac? three excavated, only In contrast, other cemeteries in the region, have amounts of pottery in time, significant Morro del ceramics Faldas associated with usually crude (Dauelsberg, 1963, p. 201). be have (Tr. produced are 40) similar materials. The the first reported for figurines the Faldas recovered Morro del at
graves believed
pottery. later in all The almost graves. are described as generally
contained to be
als
was recovered 40 A total of six from the Tarapac? figurines were a 88 All with burial section associated in (burial cemetery. single the Faldas del Morro com of the figurines with The identification Mf). was on the of based similarities associated with materi grave goods plex recovered from the coastal sites, as well as from the type site in
Arica.
A complete 1. Anthropomorphic (see 4b). fig. figurine figurine that modeled in a fine-textured includes clay yellowish-brown paste some occasional can be obtained The clay heavier inclusions. easily the adjacent along quebrada. modeled from this paste, or sun-dried, partially polished compacted by smoothing. use of some instrument which fine left striations The finish suggests over The eyes and mouth are the surface. indicated incisions. by punctate nose was modeled A poorly defined in the original base. clay and at least the After the several initial distinctive elements shaping, applique a These of added. include rather head elaborate representations was shaped or hair-do, The hair and arms. dress and marked in clay by was still on the paste soft. In addition the hair made while incisions a of wool each of the head has incisions side yarn suggesting wrapping the The basic head form and torso were
were
were modeled or coils. These in clay coils braids wrapped are arms onto wet. to the head while The still and fastened pasted arm Each to the front of the figurine. terminates the torso and extend of incisions in a series fingers. representing around has a receding The specimen deformation of cranial practices. on mummies found in the cemetery forehead Similar at Caserones to that to appears conformations (Tr. 40). be
the been
result noted
have It is
likely
headpiece.
that this
The
head
shape
is the result
the hair
of head binding
appear
with a turbanlike
been treated with
and
piece
have
72
a red pigment. material wash or sliplike Part of the containing was painted or coloration, The painting black. in both instances, figurine and poorly The is irregular red cover for not did wash, applied. example, of the arms, or torso. the back sides Because of this, it was head, to examine the original uncolored of the in several possible paste parts specimen. The slight suggestion The tion, although hair no torso of itself buttocks is with a conical, but lacking any tapered indication termination of lower female on the and a
limbs.
cover and pubic styling clear of sex indication
a suggest is present
representa torso. at pubic made and 13.6 the waist covers of dark cm., wool
by a belt on found with brown width
varicolored shades. 4.6
cover or skirtlike The pubic or girdle. This skirt is a adult females in the TarapacS yarns including The dimensions of 2.7 cm. thickness
is supported garment miniature of replica 4 0 cemetery. It is light are: brown, length
red, yellow, the figurine
cm.,
one, after
marks. line.
and partially first modeled finished, were a several elements which These include added. appliqu? a arms. collar of and On of the basis what sorts, turban, hair, appear out in the paste, inclusions this to be burned been may have figurine was contrast which with sun-dried in fired, 1, specimen only. partially on the face was modeled with nostrils indicated A nose by two punctate are Eyes The entire The formed face and by two punctations was at one time painted the mouth red. by a slight
the
2. Anthropomorphic figurine
torso and head here
were
(see
fig.
4e).
As with figurine
number
has a turbanlike element around its head upper wrapped a as 1 there this with in is series, and, suggestion figurine portion, are of the turban from both sides deformation. of cranial Suspended there made to represent Around the neck elements hair. is modeled some seems to represent that coil marked another modeled by incisions was painted was but the head The turban itself kind of collar. red, were water used soluble The paints and fugitive. black. stained Two arms vertically nearly indicated by crudely The torso fingers. tion as are at to the torso at the shoulders and hang pasted are the sides, the Hands resting against body. at the ends of the arms representing incised lines the same cylindrical and tapered has section termina suggesting suggested. 2.6 cm. This clay buttocks. Dimensions
1 above, the modeling but lacks figurine are no sex and No lower extremities indicated, are: width thickness 4.1 12.4 cm., cm., length 3. modeled figurine Anthropomorphic from a fine-textured dark (see fig. 4d).
fired.
clay.
The firing
As with
was insufficient
gray-colored
to alter
the natural
was specimen and was lightly
color
of the
specimens
in
this
series
described
above,
the
basic
73
was modeled after several unit which and torso head first, appliqu? a neck elements of some kind, These included were added. elements piece or modification One of the head and some extra itself. hair, shaping on at the shoulder. was arm was pasted but The entire smoothed, specimen no attempt a fine was made to apply left marks from the finish. Finger on the paste, as fine as well are still striations visible. modeling, as a result The surface of chemical is pitted, due to salts action This salt accumulated in the paste. accumulation is common in the region. The common
series.
to
all
configuration the figurines
of so
the far
head suggests described in
the cranial the Faldas
del
deformation Morro
The hair or braidlike is complete with coils piece pendent on both of the head ears to the sides the and covering reaching or collarlike The neck is covered element. neckline. itself with a scarf are made of clay Both and this collar the hair marked with appliqu?s to incised lines texture indicate hair and textile characteris crudely A third tics. another is hair element, coil, possibly representing in the center and of the head and hangs the nose down over suspended or neckpiece was added The scarf mouth. was placed and after the hair a element down the back terminates with of the figurine. This pendent was painted and white element The black in an alternating pattern. elements appliqu?
manner.
representing
hair
was
painted
red
in
somewhat
haphazard
on the pectoral of the torso Slight swellings region probably was to and that it is likely this intended breasts, represent figurine arm is fastened be a female. The single at the shoulder and surviving on arm and hand resting down the side of the torso the lower with hangs at the midsection of the body. Both arms were the in probably place was finished. time the specimen torso the tapered The lower of this has termination typical no suggestion or sex. limbs When found, the lower with of lower or pubic was wrapped of the figurine in a wool garment covering. portion was made of red, brown and yellow miniature This white, yarn. garment when found 4d by the The placement of this in fig. is indicated covering are: of this The dimensions 10.3 width dotted lines. cm., length specimen series, 3.0 cm., 4. made thickness 2.7 cm.
been lightly
accumulation The
inclusions.
Anthropomorphic modeled specimen The
figurine from a local color is a
(see
4c). fig. mixture clay
fired.
of
paste
The surface
salts.
is marked by some pitting
yellowish-white,
is a well figurine some coarse containing and the specimen has This
due to the
short
cranial features
and mouth are indicated nose, eyes, the is line. forehead Typically, to deformation due practices head-wrapping a crude and scarf include element, hair, incised
and marks by punctate and suggests receding Other of some kind. arms. is Hair
74
indicated heavy neckline. Two
by finely are locks A third
incised
lines
down hangs to the level of the eyes. There head, extending element the neck. around scarflike The arms are are on the ventral midsection. The torso resting or sex. nation and no indication of lower limbs was painted pigment. f or stained in a rather haphazard
represented, lock of hair
in one
modeled on each
clay
and
was
side, over the
The figurine in general a fugitive manner red with
to the reaching center of the fore is a crudely fashioned to the torso and pasted has a tapering termi both
painted
black.
fashioned from twisted from yarn, hangs pendent or beltlike It has two skeins of element. wool hold to the waistband the pendent strands yarn which by are means of a simple knot. The skirt white elements colored brown, red, are: The dimensions of this 7.0 and vermillion. cm., length specimen thickness 2.0 cm. 3.0 width cm., a rather cover, waistband serve to 5 and 6 are but are somewhat less complete figurines, Specimens above than 5a and b). Both those described elaborate (see figs. specimens were modeled and finished in fine-textured They are clay by smoothing. It is possible that cracks and have in several unfired they are places. seems In any case, but this unfinished, they are possibility unlikely. There is no
A pubic massive
made. poorly are depicted.
on the ventral midsection. the hands with resting specimens, or no are lower limbs of and there is Terminations suggestion tapered, are: 5 the dimensions width 2.4 7.2 sex. For figurine cm., cm., length are: 6 the dimensions 5.3 cm., For figurine 1.1 cm. thickness length 0.7 cm. width 1.7 cm., thickness both
and only features of painting minimal indication 3 and 4 for figurines The central lock of hair described and lack but modeled is crudely is depicted in both of these specimens, on the other texture is suggested of the head Hair parts ing in detail. In the and lacking but again executed in detail. crudely by modeling, case 5 and 6 in this of cranial deformation of specimens evidence series, in the figurines clear but it seems than obvious described is less above, on are Arms head the same general is that present present. configuration
Comments All and lack Minimal are all firing tapered, Burial some of is the Faldas cavities. del Morro They are are above solid described figurines and sun-dried. modeled in local clay two instances. The basal terminations lower limbs.
internal
in only suggested to no attempt with number
depict
was
of these 88 in section ', the source figurines, an area the surface in beneath 55 centimeters located presently in a had been dune The body and grave sand. covered with placed goods base. a rock the in and into sand into excavated part decomposed pit from the tamarugo of branches was then covered This by a layer pit was made by A burial chamber sand. and by wind blown sp.) (Prosopis and various to face, and the mummy bundle face two large baskets placing the body of were The in it. bundle, containing mummy grave goods placed
75
was enclosed a series within goods, the baskets, were several other items a flat two and the found, tray including basketry containing quinoa small The remainder were of the figurines located (5 and 6). figurines above the a bundle in association with mummy immediately pyroengraved The nature and general of the grave that gourd. goods quality suggest was of some importance. child this For example, the body was wrapped of an animal with the skin as vicu?a. identified The mummy tentatively was then placed on the lower bundle basket and covered a robe with made of vicu?a skin. up of sewn strips small of nested child baskets. In addition grave to The described Studies Lautaro Chile of in N??ez. Regional grave detail and their cultural be will goods significance as part on the cemetery of the report in general. are material in progress the direction under of Professor The material is presently at the University located of Museum at Iquique. from Burial 62 section M1 suggests the Faldas del Morro complex in of the cultural duration pattern, from adjacent must await regions, and many more C 14 determinations. or
male
as
well
as
this
an
this
age
area:
of
A single C 14 determination some 16-1800 years ago for
of cussion and detailed completion
1660 ? 90 (A.D.
possible comparisons of the studies
the
290)
range with in
of time, material progress
(GaK 2206,
5570 year half
life).
Dis
Other
Tarapac?
Figurines
of
Unknown the of
Cultural course of
Affiliation excavations carried of recovered
more
California/University will be described below. Cooperative Program Specimens each of four be discussed sites will but the relation separately, on between and between in some sites ships specimens any given site, are not were clear. recovered from cases, 6, Tarapac? Figurines Tarapac? of Caserones for 15, and from the prehistoric 13A, Tarapac? village no number designation which has been 6 a sand is assigned. Tarapac? dune with mixed site cultural an constituents. 13A is Tarapac? agricul to have tural believed been in late times. village occupied prehistoric an 15 is likewise and occu have been Tarapac? agricultural may village in late an Caserones had times. intermittent pied pre-Inca occupation to A.D. sometime 1000. All of the dates here beginning prior suggested are based on ceramics found in the various and little sites, represent Chile from than educated guesses at the present time.
out
under
Other figurines the auspices of
recovered in the University
Tarapac? A total of eleven fragments
6 representing anthropomorphic
of the artifacts found on this that from the nature it was occupied site and at more than one period Some of the of time. by more than one group artifact materials and others considerable time depth, suggest clearly an occupation The figurines times. described historic represent during
figurines
was recovered
from this
location
(see
fig.
2).
It is obvious
76
here
are 1.
believed (see It figs, was It
to
be
representative
of
late
prehistoric
times, and sandy poorly in
5c and modeled is has very been
finished. The the is paste interior.
fine-textured
This is crudely formed 6a). specimen from light of local grayish-buff clay on the surface, but quite and grainy at the present time. fragile with a tall
origin.
A head indicated Eyes, shaped
by vertical and a nostrils, marks. punctate
shaped striations. mouth are
hat or hair-do conical of this element is missing. tip indicated with incised and crescent lines The
arms are are no lower but there nor limbs present, Rudimentary The basal of sex. indication termination is rounded and has an oval or decoration on the torso. There section. is no paint The head is set on the torso as to suggest in such a manner the figure that is looking to the side the head with twisted this effect However, may be slightly. more an than of indication construction and nothing haphazard modeling. a microscope of the figurine Examination under did not produce significant other additional than the presence information of salt accumulations in the paste. Since impossible The dimensions 1.5 cm., point just below is was found weathering out of a sand dune, this specimen or original discuss cultural associations provenience. as follows: are 5.1 cm., width at widest of head length of at widest figurine arms and 2.0 cm., 3.0 point thickness width cm., cm. 1.3 of it
to
width
torso
out-stretched
A headless 5f and 6e). torso modeled from a fine (see figs. not It local is in color been buff and has fired. clay. light are or additives but No temper several small bits of unidentified visible, can be seen in the paste. of this material Inclusion material organic to been The surface have has been accidental. smoothed is believed and of fine is marked and compacted by a random striations, patterning the result the of process. finishing probably 2. textured but no arms or lower shoulders rudimentary no is The and there decoration indicated of any kind. is limbs. a slightly cross oval and some has a rounded termination section, form, or roughening the lower It is of pinching indication along margins. an of of that this construction stage represents early specimen possible as a more elaborate above under the such those described heading figurine del Morro. Faldas This No sex torso has The width at 3. dimensions 2.3 are: cm., 6.4 width cm., length thickness 2.0 cm. at shoulders 2.8 cm.,
termination (see
fine fired site surface
5d and head made of a A hand-modeled 6b). figs. figurine to been few have It with inclusions. appears paste lightly clay more durable from this the specimens than and is somewhat and dense a The described The paste color is above. light grayish-white. was smoothed and covered with a gray pigment, most of which has
77
now
eroded
away. The of the shape of some kind. a hat represent incised lines suggested by to the eye level and to the neck line in front in the rounded the is modeled with and cheeks, slightly puffy a the slanted face Three look. catlike slits, giving a mouth. marks and probably indicate nostrils is conical and Hair is crude head seems to
or
hair
piece
rounded
running vertically back. The face are eyes steeply punctate The
was broken at the neck and the torso figurine configuration A series of small round cross holes with a wedge-shaped a kind of collar at the neck A cross of these line. section at was the the where head from the broken torso, point impressions, that while inserted suggests they were made by some small object pointed was wet. still Cactus the used in the clay thorns, region, commonly are The holes would have of this located produced impressions shape. on the front are nine of the specimen. which side There holes range only are: 2 to 3 mm. deep. fron 3.1 Overall of the head dimensions cm., length unknown. form section is width 1.7 cm., (see thickness 1.3 cm.
described The paste
to number 3 Se and 6c). A head which is similar figs. and not as well it is slightly smaller made. above, although texture and little indica in color, with a fine is dark gray or inclusions. It may have been of temper since it tion fired, lightly seems to be relatively durable. 4. Facial
or nose, are The mouth, is features defined. poorly a a circular and incised by punctate impression vertically represented are represented to the lower of the face. line Eyes by part extending to have here All of the facial features incised lines. slanted appear or worn through or other use. The head abraded has a been handling a hair a or form representing Vertical conical deformed skull. style was still wet probably made while the paste incisions hair. represent of the surface examination and paste Low-power microscopic a that of is coated white reveals this with translucent specimen part this material structure Under magnification has a crystalline material. can soft and it in fact like fused is and looks However, glass. quite wax or resin a natural It is probably of some kind, be easily scratched. context is not known. The dimensions in this of its function although cm. are: head 1.2 and 2.3 width thickness 0.9 this cm., cm., length A headless torso 5i and 6g). with a rounded elongate figs. was a cross oval and This section. specimen configuration slightly to have sun been local and appears from a fine-textured modeled clay was smoothed, but The surface it lacks It was not fired. dried. or other low under finish. Examination of actual indications polishing 5. (see power magnification similar of fiber reveals llama that to hair. the paste Two other includes occasional strands inclusions At one may represent it may have time
of algarrobo seeds fragments been coated with a fugitive
(Prosopis white paint
sp.). or wash.
78
features punctate torso. cation width 1.6 6.
of
are lower limbs but no other anatomical present, Rudimentary a round One the has are front, side, possibly represented. near located the of the and hole junction legs rudimentary was not as an and probably hole This is off center intended sex. The dimensions of cm., and thickness 1.2 this cm. specimen are: length 2.9 cm.,
the indi
shaped fired, however, cast in reddish are No features probably
(see with
fig. little
and stubs out on top, head has been pinched on the upper are arms No lower torso. present suggesting a are and the termination is with limbs slightly tapered suggested, are: 3.9 The dimensions for this length specimen configuration. bulging center arm at at width level 1.4 head 0.5 width of width cm., cm., cm., cm. at the heaviest 0.9 section thickness 1.2 of torso cm., representing a rudimentary a portion A small is seemingly which fragment, to that for described of a specimen similar nature of this The fragmentary (this series). specimen It was form or features. of either its detailed description precluded sun was and color in is of a fine hand-modeled paste, clay whitish-gray and not fired. dried of 7. (see fig. termination 2 above figurine a 6f). or base
modeled and small is crudely This 6d). figurine or seems concern to It have been for finish detail. a The color with and is gray-brown is quite hard. of fugitive which may be due to remnants paint. places element but an elongate in any definitive way, represented
features. of facial head with A small fragment slight suggestions a been intended have and third holes Two punctate may eyes may represent a the that such located in is third The as a mouth. way punctation of the cast The shape is exposed. cross of the hole section entire of Three were cactus thorns. made with holes that these indicates spots on the indicated a between are line located black eye diagonal paint and in color is fine-textured, here The paste holes. grayish-white 8. obviously was not fired.
figurines, seem to
Three but have
6 may represent from Tarapaca recovered other fragments Two of the fragments is not certain. the identification was sun-dried the third been only. fired,
Caserones Caserones 1. (see paste firing. which

surface.
House
1 recovered This from the was "wall formed and there rubble" from is occasional a no within indication inclusions on house 1 clay of the
A head
5j figs. of local
specimen It was sun-dried origin. of the paste reveals Examination No are accidental. paint probably
fragment and 6k).
medium-fine
only or decoration
remains
The
facial
features
appear
to
have
been
shaped
after
the
basic
79
head
form
slightly of the
in the on the top of the There similar is a small facial features. irregularity or head the remains of some kind of modeled which hair may represent are: head width The dimensions of this 3.2 cm., gear. length specimen of this 8 indicates 1.8 cm. the location thickness 2.8 cm., Fig. specimen the village of Caserones. within - House
are Two oval and dried. as had been modeled eyes present A similar elements. surface raised raised the lower along part a mouth with This face full is unique suggests lips. specimen area described has for this and no other collection, figurine
Caserones 1. layer of
7 recovered from the refuse
A nearly female complete figurine 7 (see house figs. 5g and 6j). The head, than which in is the and dominant lacks Hair
element detailed is
on facial
this
roughly stylized
and extends from the element forehead, large bell-shaped some kind of hair element head. This represents probably A similar element this is not certain. interpretation although styling, was probably on the other as well. of the head located This side part some kind of resin, was fastened to the head of the figurine with proper over was plastered the surface, and a thin of a similar material layer so that a single the appended and the head surface. element blend into center side of the of the The material used as a is opaque, hardened paint. intent circular with a black
and by black
triangular rather
outline naturalistic.
paint.
A hair
part
is
indicated
suggested
by an incised
is specimen, It is features. by some modeling
line
in the
It here has not been identified. agent cementing cast. somewhat like It looks color and a shiny black mixed with resin but probably is a vegetable asphalt was painted but the A portion with a red pattern, of the face A be not mouth indicated clear. of this is may by a patterning punctate hole in the lower face.
Two in intent. but naturalistic The torso modeled is crudely two of Sex the remains lower is indicated stubs limbs. by represent and a vertical breasts slit in the pubic genitalia. region suggesting It is was a fine-textured The paste material of local utilized origin. are: of width 6.6 The dimensions of this unfired. cm., length specimen torso cm., this at midsection of thickness specimen 1.6 cm., the torso the diameter cm. 1.6 of village of bell-shaped 8 indicates Fig. Caserones. hair the element location 1.8 of
within
Caserones 1. This local
- House
12 torso with legs rudimentary from a fine-textured The surface fired. (see figs. 5h and 6i). of paste and slightly
A modeled was specimen
origin. but compacted The
It not head
modeled was not polished. is
whitish-gray was smoothed
missing,
and
there
are
few
diagnostic
features
to
80
be
described.
No decoration length this find which not fit 5.5
is cm., relative be
evident
and
no
sex and
indicated. thickness in
are: dimensions 8 locates Fig. 2. two
width 2.9 cm., to the others part of but the the
1.9
The cm.
found
Caserones.
The
refuse cm.,
have could erosion eliminated matching previously of specimen it may be a head Caserones-12-1, part or decoration. as well It could be a rounded base Both were second found in the same general specimen. (see width fig. 2.6 cm., 8). The dimensions and thickness of this 2.0 cm.
A fragment do pieces
may
together,
above specimen and size paste
(see 6h). fig. and match, If this is edges. lacking any features from a termination in location are: length the 3.0
fragment
Caserones?Test Test
Trench Trench
A A was an
over a thin located unit excavation 7 was exca It and of the Quebrada. edge layer levels control. It was obvious, with reasonable vated in however, one was mixed, from at least and cultural that the deposit materials were mixed all with levels. dung sheep throughout occupation prehistoric and cultural No correlations levels between any specific particular were recovered can be suggested. Two figurine from fragments pattern of refuse 10 cm. between House this unit. 1.
an oval with The surface of 61). (see fig. was not but not and the this figurine polished, over at least to have had some kind of organic It appears fired. coating is the that material this it is possible of the surface. However, part was not the of and refuse of buried in result part original organic being or decora modification of surface There is no other indication finish. are: 5.1 cm., width No sex The dimensions tion. is suggested. length A cm. test is indicated trench of The location and thickness 2.3 3.2 cm., in fig. 8. section A crudely modeled and two rudimentary was smoothed specimen fragment lower of the lower torso limbs that of sun-dried modeled A featureless may be a fragment clay to what know but Some shaping is present, it is impossible figurine. as same the that in the The paste is essentially form was intended. are: of this The dimensions above. described length fragment specimens cm. and thickness 1.8 width 3.7 4.1 cm., cm., 2.
Tarapac?
15 Tarapaca 15 is a prehistoric located between agricultural the present late village town of overlooking Tarapac?
the
the village
carbon Inca). mounds
Quebrada
of Huaraci?a
Tarapac?,
and
(see
suggest 14, but the ceramics with A number of structures on are the site. present
fig.
2).
a
It has not yet been dated with

prehistoric walls and occupation low several (pre refuse
masonry
81
was recovered A single from an exploratory fragment figurine 1 was recovered Mound trench in strata The fragment (not illustrated). 5 It is crudely from level in the stratified refuse. formed of fine or temper, textured obvious local inclusions and it is clay lacking was expended or the effort Little in the modeling unfired. surface or body No facial but not polished. It was smoothed treatment. in part, are and there of sexual features is no suggestion character indicated, istics. The dimensions of this cm., and thickness 2.7 cm. fragment are: length 3.9 cm., width 4.2
Tarapac?
13A prehistoric Huaraci?a and village (see fig. of several pocket located on a ridge over here Excavations 2). were houses examined. 1. in house (cache pit)
13A is a Tarapaca the town of looking present areas were made in two test were recovered Two figurines (House 1. 1, Floor Pocket 3).
parts from a floor
is modeled specimen small loaf like irregular and must have been in the placed 51 and 7b). (see figs. baked a The modeled looks back. off at torso is
This
from of cache
paste bread. location
made It
of ground and maize is extremely fragile soon after completion,
terminates of lateral
flattened and with a slightly roughly cylindrical a decided so that to the body, the head twist a slight The back and the torso arched is slightly angle. The back side in two rudimentary is marked by a series legs. creases or depressions. There is shoulders to paste and the top a neck. A without make a nose ridge. or ore copper unshaped of the head.
face Eyes
was are
turquoise.
on the The head sits directly formed the unbaked by pinching marked of angular bits by small was stuck feather in A blue Sex are: is
for this indicated Dimensions genitals. by male torso at level of of head 6.7 width 2.2 cm., cm., eye length specimen at midsection at lower torso of torso width 2.2 cm., width 2.0 cm., at eye level thick at midsection 2.0 2.1 cm., thickness thickness cm., are ness at pubic cm. The stones inset for 2.5 eyes region approximately cm. wide. cm. long, 3 mm. in diameter. The feather and 1.5 is 7.0 plume to that 5k above similar described (see figs. figurine the has is that this Torso same, except specimen configuration the The head curvature the lengthwise is nearly axis. along a ore to indicate that of been third bit has same, copper placed except ore on the lower torso a mouth. of copper Another probably fragment a a which Sex into female navel. indicated is genitalia by represents cm. The overall 7.0 been is feather has figurine long, placed. yellow of the torso. at the midpoint and 2.2 cm. wide 2. A female and 7a). a greater The two figurines here were found as a pair and must be
82
to make figurines?to maize ground and this find the from Andean area, knowledge?has reported The function with* be unique. of these is unknown. However, specimens we to support direct evidence these the that idea, suggest figurines were utilized A to crop in some ritual activities related fertility. considered unit. of not been
as
The
use
portion
purposes
of the site,
by the Ceramics
Tarapac?
from recovered
people
Huaraci?a. from
13A, is still
this
being used for ritual

indicate a
site
are the themselves must be considered, although post-contact figurines The cache and circumstances not it. of their do indicate placement on the back that made by of both looks pattern very much like specimens on some an comment iron but is of this kind, baking grill speculative, of some other No clarification and the markings have may well origin. refuse can the of be site this studies until detailed problem expected are The been have and until available. C 14 determinations completed, are of Chile in at the Regional storage specimens presently University Museum, Iquique, Chile.
pation
probably
ending
just
prior
to contact.
The possibility
prehistoric
occu
that the
Comments of seventeen A total and possible figurines on from four recovered the sites Quebrada Tarapac? 40 described from Tarapac? those in a separate section). the believed to be late in time, although prehistoric over a Caserones have extended may longer considerably
others.
was
fragments figurine (not including are All sites occupation than span of the
Six is essentially at least der, and material, 1. limbs. made. other
of
four groupings detail. decorative
specimens but complete,
the
to fragmentary features. lacks diagnostic can be made on the basis too
are
Another classify. For the remain of configuration,
lower marked terminations with rudimentary by stubby, Figurines to be in this most For the group appear poorly part specimens some with House The single 7-1) may belong (Caserones, exception
category. in the second grouping specimens identified site 6) and are (Tr. by the and tapered terminations. slanted eyes 2? All 3. The third to the category is represented for described and applique were tall recovered pointed hair from the
same tions,
configura
complex. figurines but looks here is lacking decorative elements, specimen to the application element the Faldas del Morro base prior very much like to the 6 is adjacent The site Tr. and may be unfinished. of the applique, a 40 sand dune Tr. similar situation. in cemetery The 4. Category four comprises the two figurines made of ground maize.
be
similar
one example, by only Morro del the Faldas
which
may
83
So
far
these for All
are this
reported
unique, area.
and
no
other
figurines
made
of
maize
have
been
were modeled No in this section in solid paste. specimens are known for of the this for Chile. figurines part Except pair sun are made of maize, all and were constructed of local clay specimens Two specimens have been dried. to in addition may subjected light firing to the sun-drying, are treatment but this All is not certain. fragile or use as playthings. and not suited for handling hollow
Discussion On the basis as part of the sample of the present examined to suggest that been of the it is possible have part figurines study, scene for some extended local of time. In in northern Chile period some instances a well-developed at least, and they represent important of the local culture. part At In two cases can styles least four can be recognized. differ?nt stylistic groupings and Faldas del distinctive Morro) figurine two to each, the may be although complexes of and Precise cultural identification placement the later sufficient phases detail. for
(Chinchorro be attributed related. forms is have of the not
historically the other specific
region Both
because possible, simply out not yet been worked in were styles the Faldas
this
obviously seems to 15
figurines are later and Caserones, in significantly the Faldas Morro or the Chinchorro del complex.
different make sense
remaining from that to suggest
of
associated del Morro recovered time than
with
material
that
and it Complex, from Tr. 6, 13A, those from either
Caserones 1000. have other
A suggested for the beginning date of the occupation on ceramic based be slightly earlier would evidence a Caserones has had however, complex probably history, one several in colonial supported occupations, including are sites in the series late certainly prehistoric. In addition described Figurines Figurines made for to here, the at suggested two least use stylistic functional (to be differences classes placed refuse in on
of than A.D. and may The times.
in are graves). living
the
figurines 1. 2. probably
suggested:
made
for
mortuary with
associated non-mortuary and Faldas have been those living of dune
occupational ritual functions. del Morro only site The
sites,
offerings figurines, in refuse found and
Chinchorro and so far except deposits for on
found on found sites. deposits
material
are figurines clearly human burials. with 6 were all Tarapaca from may include
mortuary The other recovered 6 was
out weathering remains. mortuary
which
Tarapac? both occupational
84
A ritual function is suggested for the refuse figurines, simply too fragile or playthings. as to have because functioned toys they are on sexual of the corn The obvious in the case characteristics emphasis a concern meal concern with This suggests may have figures fertility. been toward directed than human rather crops reproduction. and analysis, it is possible data incomplete of emphasis time function in figurine through not some use from funeral to the within kind of villages accompaniments or two of associated with mortuary classes different (2) figurines, rites, more or less one utilized the other in mortuary ritual, contemporaneous, or some other involved in secular such as crop affairs ritual fertility. to see either (1) a yet shift The time Based on as
the first differences between the two categories expla suggest until del Morro but and Faldas of the sites Chinchorro nation, living a number of have been and studied, and until identified complexes to the have been cemeteries later villages belonging reported agricultural no final on in detail, decision matter is possible. this
Ac knowledgement The field research leading (all by the to the
s recovery
of the figurines those classified except specimens of California/University University of Chile The C 14 with Ford Foundation funds. Program, Cooperative 40 at and for incidental the determination expenses age cemetery Tarapac? were funded in part from the laboratory by a University resulting analysis is Research The support instances in both of California Grant. Faculty found in the as Chinchorro) Quebrada Tarapac? was supported greatly appreciated.
85
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alvarez, 1961
Lu?s Culturas Regional de en precer?micas Bolet?n Arica, la arqueolog?a no. 1-4. 5, pp. de Arica. Arica. Museo
Dauelsberg, 1963
Percy del Morro de Arica arqueol?gico Complejo de Arqueolog?a de San Pedro Internacional enero de la Universidad de 1963). Anales 200-201. Antofagasta. Carlos and Munizaga, Sergio, La colecci?n A. arqueol?gica e informe sobre caci?n algunas Chilena de Historia y Geograf?a,
[summary]. de Atacama del Norte,
Congreso de (6-13 no. 2, pp.
Mart?nez, 1961
Nielsen, piezas no.
de
Iquique;
importantes. 232-246. 129, pp.
su signifi Revista Santiago.
Munizaga, 1957 las
Carlos Secuencias secuencias al ciones culturales de Uhle de la 77-126. de Chile, una de la zona de Arica y Bird). Arqueolog?a entre (comparaci?n contribu chilena; entre Arica y La
estudio
Serena, pp. Universidad 1964 Nota sobre
regi?n de Centro Santiago.
comprendida Estudios Antropol?gicos,
y una estatuilla antropomorfa, al de la costa de complejo supuestamente precer?mico de Universi Revista Universidad Cat?lica Arica (Chile). Chile, de Ciencias de la Academia Chilena a?o Anales XLIX, taria, no. 169-172. Naturales, 27, pp. Santiago. est?lica vinculadas Lautaro Prospecci?n Arqueol?gicos, Recientes de pp. Chile. 32-38; arqueol?gica no. 1, pp. fechados Bolet?n no. 65, en 9-35. el norte de Chile. Estudios Antofagasta. de de arqueolog?a no. 64, Chile, Santiago. la del abril, norte
N??ez, 1965
1966
radiocarb?nicos la Universidad 41-49. pp. mayo, de
Uhle, 1917
Max Los abor?genes de de Arica. a?o Publicaciones I, [vol. 1], del nos. Museo 4-5, de pp. y Antropolog?a Santiago. Chile, Etnolog?a 151-176.
1918
de Arica y el hombre americano. abor?genes tomo XXVII, a?o de Historia Vili, y Geograf?a, 33-54. trimestre, pp. Santiago. Los La arqueolog?a de Ecuatoriana julio-octubre, de pp. Arica 1-48. y Tacna. Hist?ricos Quito. Bolet?n Americanos, de
Revista no. 31, 3er
Chilena
1919
la vol.
Sociedad III, nos. 7-8,
Estudios
86
KEY TO ILLUSTRATIONS Plate

Fig. Faldas Figs. del 4a. 4b Chinchorro figurine c. From cemetery complex.
XXVIII
from Patillos at Tarapac? 2. 40. Typical of the
and
Morro
Plate
Figs. Tarapac? Figs. 5a 40. 5c-f, and i. From sand and b. Faldas del
XXIX
figurines site from the 6. cemetery at
Morro dune
in
the
From floor refuse in House 7, Caserones Fig. 5g. (fig. 8, H 7 F 1). Fig. 5h. From floor refuse in House 12, Caserones (fig. 8, H12F1). From wall rubble in House 1, Caserones Fig. 5j. (fig. 8, H 1 F 1). 5k and 1. Figs. Figurines made of ground maize from a storage pit
floor of House 1, Tarapac? 13A.
Tarapac?
Plate
Figs.
XXX
Tarapac?
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
6h. 6i. 6j. 6k. 61.
6a-g.
From floor refuse in House From floor refuse in House From floor refuse in House From wall rubble in House From refuse in Test Trench
From
sand
dune
site
12, Caserones (fig. 8, H 12 F 2). 12, Caserones (fig. 8, H 12 F 1). 7, Caserones (fig. 8, H 7 F 1). Caserones 1, (fig. 8, H 1 F 1). Caserones A, (fig. 8 TTA Fl),
6.
ARICA V
?v
map
I
\ Merti1
j
? CAMINA
PISAGUA \ s
iM??
25 KM
Plate
XXV?
Fig.
1,
general
location
map,
Province
of
Tarapac?,
Chile.
/? y a y s ss?v
/ y
/ Trir
Ca serones jV
AY / y /
^'Trl3 Hu.r.cin./ /
Quebrada Fig. 2, Chile. Tarapac?, map, XXVI. Plate location site northern
y* Villages # Modern <y s Archaeological A Sites /av y
/ 1
y 3 KILOMETERS
Plate
in
XXVII.
northern
Chile.
Fig.
3, Chinchorro
figurines
from Patilios
2f a coastal
site
2 CM
Plate
Key to
XXVIII.
Illustrations.
Fig.
4, Chinchorro
and Faldas
del
Morro figurines.
See
2CM i
il
1,
; / */ c
'"
Plate along
XXIX? Fig. the Quebrada
5,
Faldas
del
Tarapac?.
Morro See Key
and other figurines to Illustrations.
from
sites
-^^^
IhI^bH^v
1 ?IH
BRU
bH
y ^
^^^^b
a flHnK
9 .^BS^B^^S^b^fti^
^^Î^B
^^Î^hI
HFf1 b I
bBt -
MSlHHH?ei^L^^^HI
Plate
Scale
XXX.
in
centimeters.
Fig.
6, figurines
See Key
from sites
to
Illustrations.
along
the Quebrada
Tarapac?.
Plate
Floor
XXXI.
Pocket
Fig.
3.
7, figurines
of ground maize
from Tarapac?
13A, House 1,
\ 13 \ \/
? H12F1
14 j Lg
~s_l 12
H*2F2?
j 5
8' : I I/ 6 I / j \ / /
j
1/ A ' # *TTA?2
i I
/ CASERONES
UNITI
FIGURINE LOCATIONS
I
I
If \ \ y
\
\
$
\
"
lj-'.'j.>jf>f.îJ^^rfrivlT77r?:j'
{TEST TRENCH 1 J?_T_T AJF
Plate
XXXII.
Caserones,
Fig. Quebrada
8,
location
Tarapac?,
of figurines within northern Chile.
the
village
of

Modeled Anthropomorphic Figurines From Northern Chile

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Modeled Anthropomorphic Figurines From Northern Chile

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Maney Publishing

MODELED ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINES FROMNORTHERN CHILE

Tarapac?, del the Faldas in the vicinity

province prepared been have have been

nated momias estatuillas

by Mart?nez and Munizaga

Aborigines de Arica (Uhle, was proposed same material

with these associated the prepared mummies,

published Nielsen important

and N?fiez (1965,

The materials. in the University

to the south of the town of Iquique

1. Anthropomorphic head fragment

paste the skull

On the basis it is series,

The depicted. The dimensions 2.8 cm. thickness

was dry and

A modeled head made of the

for described and smoothed

and a mouth is formed by a single

1. The figurine obvious and lacks

modeled but the

paste. has been

face. jaw or lower are modeled, nose or punctate ations

linear shallow depression or wig. for a hair piece

The body of the figurine

Examination the and paste was not indicate formed

has been applied.

On the back side

of the head there

No limbs paste paste above.

indicated. result to be of the similar

seems itself the As with

and finishing smoothing to that described for

on present processes. the specimens

waistband. manufacture the both adults and children

extremities together stitute the head.

impos the to that

stylized features. and

Figurines configurations. In the

4880 ? 320 radiocarbon

Chinchorro preagriculturai. more detailed descriptions

All figurines of Chinchorro discussion in general, of the complex

be preceramic, so far have found

so far and, been unfired.

characteristics cultural refer the reader should

least, For and to the

Morro del the Morro site Complex TarapacS in in this

pottery. later in all The almost graves. are described as generally

cover and pubic styling clear of sex indication

by a belt on found with brown width

varicolored shades. 4.6

is supported garment miniature of replica 4 0 cemetery. It is light are: brown, length

red, yellow, the figurine

was specimen and was lightly

configuration the figurines

head suggests described in

the cranial the Faldas

Anthropomorphic modeled specimen The

figurine from a local color is a

4c). fig. mixture clay

is marked by some pitting

indicated heavy neckline. Two