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bout 10 years ago, being on a journey of self-disOlga covery, I came across the symbol and teachings of the Enneagram. Somehow although I had never seen this symbol before, I felt drawn and at the same time repelled by its image. Drawn as it seemed somehow vaguely familiar and repelled as it reminded me of a human in an iron prison, a cave, and entrapment. Now after all those years of exploring the workings of my own psyche as well as trying to figure out the world around us, I have come full circle to these immediate intuitive responses. Despite the fact that I have witnessed and painfully experienced abuse of the Enneagram by therapists and Roman Catholic religious leaders as they used it as an explanation for their traits and demanding others to accommodate them and tolerate them instead of opting for spiritual growth, I did not want to throw the baby out with the bath-water, and am glad I did not. Judith Searle's article about the gap at the bottom of the Enneagram (see EM Sept. 1997) rekindled a gnawing conundrum at the back of my mind, as well as Mary Bast's and Lissa Friedmans website pointing the way beyond the Enneagram have been immensely helpful, thank you! I can truly say that all my experiences in life, the negative as well as the positive have led me to the following ideas and hypotheses

February 2007
Issue 134

Transformation of Patriarchal Manifestation

by Olga Allen 2007

Allen

based on personal experience as well as witnessing events unfolding in the wider world. "When we look far back into history, we can see that prehistorically society functioned in a way where the status of a woman and a man was equal. Once the hunter gatherers settled down though and started to farm the land, the balance between the masculine and the feminine was lost and patriarchy was born, in order to deal with the greater complexity of society. Those who are in control and have power over others, not necessarily just men having power over women, but a society where one group exercises power over another group. We see how patriarchy is still expressed politically i.e. the rulers and those who are ruled as well as in all kinds of religions across the board." The DNA spiral staircase of Integration and Disintegration There is much to explore so I invite you to come on a journey with me. Lets have a look at the integration and disintegration of the Enneagram points. Having personally witnessed this in my own reactions and that of others, I have come to the conclusion that both connecting lines are accessed at the same time during integration or continued on page 18

Essence
he Enneagram community might want to decide on Elizabeth the meaning of ESSENCE and certain other frequently used words because some of us have a tendency to slide into sloppy language and logic now and then. "Essence" is often connected to religious beliefs, however, so we may have a hard time pinning it down to an acceptable definition for all - but it would be interesting to try. The American Heritage dictionary defines essence as: "1. The quality or qualities of a thing that give it its identity; the intrinsic or indispensable properties of a thing. 2. The most important or effectual ingredient; crucial element. 3. Philosophy. The inherent, unchanging nature of a thing or class of things, as distinguished from its attributes or its existence." Is essence something personal within or emanating from the individual? Is it the opposite - impersonal having its source in the cosmos? Perhaps essence is best observed and interpreted by the beholder, who can see past the clutter into what is basic and real about us? Would it be possible to omit any religious connotation of

Wagele

"essence," following the example of the U.S. government, which separates church and state? (I must have dreamed that some of my money had "IN GOD I TRUST" on it.) Those who believe their unique essence is seen by a god who is also unique, may not accept such a definition. Yet a definition that smacked of theology might offend the atheists among us. Is human essence material or immaterial or both? I have two reasons for favoring the immaterial: first, when I was a child, I firmly believed it was unfair that humans had bodies - because some bodies didnt work right or were unattractive and that wasnt fair. Im often blindly loyal to my childhood notions. Second, I now have a totally disabled person in my family, which re-enforces my allegiance to the first reason. On the other hand, our spiritual/psychological Enneagram movement has some teachers who focus on the body. We cant dismiss their contributions. I appreciate these non-verbal expressions of the Enneagram. My scientist friend says essence is the material universe in the form of energy continued on page 12 his being inhabits the tiniest bit of it, then will

I N THIS I SSUE

training leaders Jane Tight page 2

E. of life paths part 2 are all 9 in there? Susan Rhodes Mario Sikora page 5 page 9

levels of development the conversation # 19 Don Riso & Russ Hudson regular suspects page 14 page 13

Training High School Student Leaders in Emotional Intelligence by Using the Enneagram
hirty-five elected and appointed student leaders at a private high school were required to attend fifteen hours of classroom work to qualify for a leadership independent study. Together with the dean of students and dean of student activities, I helped design four workshops to increase their ability to self-observe, notice their impact on others, appreciate the differences of their classmates, and develop themselves as effective leaders. The workshops were held on periodic Sunday afternoons through-out the school year. The students ranged in age from 14 to 18, freshmen to seniors. Due to the extra-curricular feeling of the workshops, the environment was casual, interactive, and participatory. At the first workshop, I introduced the concept of emotional intelligence1 . When we discussed distinguishing characteristics of favorite and least favorite teachers and coaches, the students quickly saw how emotional intelligence was the predominant factor when assessing their personal experiences with teachers and coaches. In this highly academic school, we all noted that though education level is important, it didnt rank as an important trait for successful learning. I gave them a brief introduction to the Enneagram Personality Typing System2 along with a tour of the Nine Core Personality types. The stu-

Jane Tight

dents were then given a set of cards3 to assist them in typing themselves. I fielded questions in an effort to help the students determine their types. The students began to see the differences in their world views by listening to the questions and hearing the answers. The goal was not to nail their types but to hold the information lightly, and know that this was simply the beginning of self-observation. After 45 minutes of dialogue, the enneagram system was beginning to reveal itself to the students. The students were then invited to divide into type groups to discuss why they thought they were in that type group. I circulated among the groups answering and posing questions. I also encouraged the students to try out other groups if they didnt feel they fit with the one they had initially selected. Finally, the students were asked to come up with a brief presentation by type to convince a college admission counselor why they would be the most valuable students to admit to their university. It was imminently clear that all groups had compelling emotional strengths and gifts that would distinguish them in any group. Each group was rewarded with a round of applause and a bag of Halloween candy. In the second workshop I began with a review of the types, their focus of attention, and basic characteristics of each type. To add interest to 2 this population, I also shared names of Enneagram + Gurdjieffs Work2 = Consciousness some famous people and some well! The Enneagram is a diagnosis of a sickness of the heart. By itself, it is mainly a description of your problem, along with some side benefits of your type. known companies ! Gurdjieffs Work focuses on the three centers (thinking, feeling and doing). As with conjectures presented by Maurice Nicoll, it is a system of principles and practices which is a about their types. cure for the sickness the Enneagram diagnoses and describes. ! Consciousness is what happens when you put them together. It brings Many students had wholeness of soul, joy, inner peace, and true love. questions of clarificaWhen you decide to train with Kathy and Theodorre, this is tion (and chalwhat you learn. It is the cornerstone of the Hurley/Donson lenges!) about the Enneagram Training and Certification Program, which we call Level 1: The Enneagram of Transformation. It is also the system, which were reason a swan, symbol of spirituality, combines with the handled interactively Enneagram in our logo. with the group. The When you come to ERI training programs, you also experience deeper work intention was always with the three centers and the nine types, video taped panels of all nine types, and exercises which loosen your compulsions hold on you. Your active involvement is an to raise questions for important part of the process. You receive complete course materials and self-observation certification to teach The Enneagram Experience seminar. rather than provide answers. Dates: April 10 15, 2007 LEVEL 1 TRAINING PROGRAMS July 7 12, 2007 Come and experience a new awakenThe students were October 6 11, 2007 ing of soul. Participants report an then divided into triinner aliveness proceeding from Kathy Location: The Hurley/Donson home in ads of mixed types. I and Theodorres grounded spirituality. Lakewood, Colorado distributed a tool They model as well as teach principles Lodging: An Extended Stay America hotel geared toward comof transformation. munication style F M I Contact: Enneagram Resources, Inc. which described 12262 W. New Mexico Avenue body language, Lakewood, Colorado 80228 speaking style, blind U. S. A. spots and distortions. Phone: 303.985.1889 Toll Free: 877.591.9903 Each triad was asked Website: www.hurleydonson.com E-mail: eri@hurleydonson.com to discuss what they

+ GW

found to be true and not true about the descriptions. This helped the students to further identify their types. Again, I circulated around the room assisting with questions and observations, always holding the type lightly. In the debrief to the whole group, the students made astute observations about cultural differences and about their teachers and parents! The students were then asked to select one communication characteristic that they would like to become more aware of. Each person selected a partner to observe them as they engaged in a controversial topic of conversation with a group of seven other students. In this case I posed some questions regarding MySpace.com. The students then met with their partners and shared what they had observed about the selected communication characteristic. The third workshop was designed around the topics of stress and conflict. We began by showing the first thirty minutes of the movie Crash which had been nominated for the Best Picture Award at the Academy Awards. The students were asked to write down as many stereotypes as they could identify in the movie clip, after which they worked in small groups to write down as many stereotypes as they could that exist in their school. We debriefed in a large group and they were asked how they, as school leaders, could change school culture about these school views. The students view of their school and its stereotypes quickly became as complex as Crash! I then introduced the Pinch/Crunch Model4 to describe conflict. (When two to three small irritants, or pinches are suppressed, the result is a conflict, or crunch.) We brainstormed how the characters in the movie were pinched and subsequently found themselves in full conflict. I asked them to talk in small groups about what kinds of circumstances pinch them. The students were fascinated to hear that certain behaviors caused one person to crunch while another student had no reaction at all to the same behavior. For example, some students loved it when a teacher was distracted from the lesson plan, while other students became anxious about not getting all the information. To further differentiate how different types experience conflict, I asked for a volunteer from each type group and ran a panel. A panel is a group of people who volunteer to publicly answer a series of questions posed by an interviewer. The questions I asked were, What makes you think you are this type?, What do you notice about yourself when you are in conflict?, and What can others do to help you when you are in conflict? The audience was deeply respectful of the panel. The differences between types became clearly evident when the types were able to speak using the narrative tradition. The panelists were rewarded by a round of applause and appreciation ribbons for their participation. By the time of the next workshop, most of the participants were strongly identified with a type. There were still some continued on page 4

february 2007

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Visit our web site! www.ennea.org Check out the updated Index by Author 1995 - 2006 and the new Index by Subject 1995 - 2006

enneagram monthly
February 2007
Volume 13, Number 2 Issue 134

Enneagram Monthly 748 Wayside Rd. Portola Valley, CA 94028 Phone: 650-851-4806 Fax: 650-851-3113 e-mail: editor@ennea.org Editor and Publisher Jack Labanauskas Consulting Editor Andrea Isaacs Assistant Editors Judy Windt Kandy Arnold Webmasters Nick Turner (English site; ennea.org) Fabien Chabreuil (French site; enneagrammonthly.com-fr)
The Enneagram Monthly, Inc. was founded by Jack Labanauskas and Andrea Isaacs as a notfor-profit corporation. Its purpose is to gather and disseminate information in the field of the Enneagram, that is most commonly known as a personality typing system. Submission deadline The 10th of each month, for publication in the following months issue. Subscription rates In the US: 1 year $40 for bulk delivery; 1 year $50 for First Class delivery. Outside US, rates vary. See back cover for subscription form and subscription options. Advertising See back cover for rates & size Call for deadlines.

ON THE COVER Transformation of Patriarchal Manifestation

Olga Allen An Enneagram that portrays a common sense of Balance and Equality between the genders, races etc. Spiritually, a realization that we are all "stardust" made of the same stuff.

Essence

Elizabeth Wagele The Enneagram community might want to decide on the meaning of Essence. Frequently used words have a tendency to slide into sloppy language and logic and need periodic fine-tuning.

FEATURES
Training High School Student Leaders in Emotional Intelligence by using the Enneagram
Jane Tight Four workshops. Designed to increase students ability to self-observe, notice their impact on others, appreciate the differences of their classmates, and develop themselves as effective leaders.

The Enneagram of Life Paths Part 2

Susan Rhodes The core thread that runs throughout this article is the idea that its possible to explore type and subtype not in order to transcend them, but in order to fulfill their promise.

Mario Sikora 9 A new and promising typing tool. It comes with guidance on how to tell if you are over- or underdeveloped in any of the strategies and what you can do about it

Are All Nine in There?

The Levels of Development: Chart 4

Don Riso & Russ Hudson At a glance and all on one page. The Levels of Development. From the deepest level of pathology, to the highest level of self-actualization, each type follows a distinct pattern.

13

The Conversation # 19

Tom Isham, Kirby Olson, Jack Labanauskas,

Susan Rhodes, Mario Sikora s A broad range of views. Several themes, from the alchemy of enneagram concepts, to causes of teaching disabilities in academia, to pitting Darwinism vs. Intelligent Design.

14

DEPARTMENTS

Teaching Schedules Subscription Forms and Advertising Rates

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february 2007

Training High School

who were uncertain, mostly due to their absence from previous workshops. The leaders were also far enough along in the school year that they were confident and getting restless in their positions. The deans of students and I decided it was good timing to push them in their leadership capabilities and challenge them to actually lead. I began by using materials on leadership paradigms. We discussed some examples of leadership paradigms drawn from history (Hitler and national pride, Gorbachev and democracy). I asked them to think of a time when they had led a school project, a community service project, fine arts or athletic team successfully. They were to discuss in small groups What behaviors or skills do you use to lead?, Why do people allow them to lead? In the debrief, the popular and successful basketball team captain was asked to describe his leadership style. Other students also made observations. The students were able to identify his collaborative and personable type three style. I then posted descriptions of leadership paradigms by type around the room on poster boards but the types were not listed on the poster. The students were asked to mill around the room silently, reading each description until they could settle on one paradigm that reflected their own leadership style. Each type group was then asked to prepare a one minute presentation that would demonstrate their leadership styles describing why they should be selected as the new headmaster of the school. The funny presentations provided additional opportunities for insight and learning. The last challenge was to move to the poster of a different style. Each student was asked to discuss in that small group how they would have been a different kind of leader this school year if that had been their primary leadership style. Throughout all workshops I encouraged the students to use the enneagram

continued from page 1

developmentally, encouraging students to increase their flexibility and decrease their rigidity of stance. As a result of this work, I was asked to give a workshop for the parent community during a parent education conference. I also generated much interest from the parents of these leadership students as they took their learning homewhich I always encouraged! I have been asked to continue my work with the student and parent communities during the upcoming year. I highly encourage trained enneagram teachers to teach to this wonderfully open and receptive student population in your own community. It is fun, refreshing and deeply satisfying to work with vibrant, young leaders of the future. Please feel free to contact me with further questions. jtight@earthlink.net www.seechangepartners.com __________ 1 Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to know and manage yourself, understand others accurately, and interact with others productively. 2 The Enneagram is a system that describes nine distinct patterns of thinking, feeling and acting based on focus of attention and motivation for survival and satisfaction. . .. 3 Typing Cards and other materials produced and distributed by Bogda & Associates 4 The Pinch/Crunch Model of Conflict described by Ginger Lapid-Bogda in her book Bringing Out the Best in Yourself at Work McGraw Hill (2004), is from a larger conceptual model called Planned Renegotiations: A NormSetting OD Intervention, developed by Jack Sherwood and John Glidewell (1973)

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The Enneagram of Life Paths Part 2

ts funny that although most of us agree that each point of view does possess a unique quality, trying to find a single label that captures this quality turns out to be a challenge. Thats why most enneagram books include lengthy descriptions of each type that attempt to flesh out the brief type descriptors. Still, I found the idea of characterizing types by looking at their key roles an intriguing idea. This is how I became intrigued with subtypes (aka instinctual variants). Looking at each type in terms of the three arenas in which it shows up in lifethe selfpreservation, sexual, and social arenastriples the number of roles for each type. I talked with Katherine Chernick and David Fauvre and poured over their study on subtypes. I looked at Peter OHanrahans enneagram workbook, which has a lot of subtype information, including a nice table in which he lists two descriptors for each subtype (plus a brief description). The first label is a persona label that he devised himself and the second is a description of the quality most associated with that subtype. The latter terms are inherited from the Arica teachings of Oscar Ichazo (see Table 3).
Point
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

by Susan Rhodes 2007

Susan Rhodes
tion in how these personas speak to us. Its important to note that although I associate each persona with a particular subtype, Im not trying to suggest that only people of that subtype can experience that persona (that someone has to be an intimate Four to be a Poet or a social Six to be a Police Officer). However, I am suggesting that people of a certain subtype will probably resonate with more of the roles listed for that subtype than people who are of a different subtype. Take my own inner personas, which include an Inner Explorer, Gypsy, Psychologist, Edge-walker, Artist, Craftsman, Scientist, Critic, Helper, Organizer, and Skeptic. The first six of them are directly linked to my type and subtype: SelfPreservation Four. The Scientist reveals my Five wing, and being a Cognitive Psychologist really clinches the connection to Five. The Critic can be attributed to either the social subtype of Four or the connection to One. The Nurturer comes from the connection to Two (and self-pres. Two, at thatI
Social Instinct
Inadaptibility (the Social Reformer) Ambition (the Ambassador) Prestige (the Politician) Shame (the Critical Commentator) Totem/Symbols (the Professor) Duty (the Social Guardian) Limitation/Sacrifice (the Utopian Visionary Friendship/Social Causes (the Group Leader/Gang Leader) Participation (the Community Benefactor)

Self-Preservation Instinct
Anxiety (the Pioneer) Privilege (the Nurturer) Security (the Company Man or Woman) Dauntlessness (the Individualist) Home (the Castle Defender) Warmth (the Family Loyalist) Family (the Gourmand) Satisfactory Survival (the Survivalist) Appetite (the Collector)

Sexual Instinct
Jealousy/Zealousness (the Evangelist) Seduction/Aggression (the Lover) Femininity/Masculinity (the Movie Star) Competitiveness (the Drama King or Queen) Confidentiality (the Secret Agent) Strength or Beauty (the Warrior) Suggestibility (the Salesman or Saleswoman) Possession/Surrender (the Benevolent Dictator) Union (the Seeker)

However, nothing I saw encompassed the range of possible personas I could envision for each subtype. So I generated my own list of roles, organized by subtype. It remains a work in progress, but its now sufficiently long to serve as a useful tool. Archetypal Personas by Subtype The list as it currently exists is shown in Table 4. (It turned into a table after it got rather long and unwieldy.) The personas in Table 4 vary a lot in their naturesome of them are more classical or archetypal in nature (Trickster, Hero, or Alchemist) while others are more contemporary, career-focused, or "everyday" (Salon Designer or Committee Worker). These personas all imply life paths of a kind, although some are more all-encompassing or universal than others. Some of the images are likely to show up in outer life, while others are more likely to remain as inner personas. Many of the inner personas that speak the most eloquently to us do show up in some way in outer life, as the personal or professional roles we take on. But theres a lot of individual varia-

love to bake for friends and family!), the Skeptic comes from my father, a Six; its also resonant with the Scientist of my wing. This list is not exhaustive. I doubt that it ever will be. But I hope its at least evocative. I see each type as multifaceted, and I wanted to present as many of its faces as possible, instead of just one or two. Some of these faces are kind, others cruel. Some are grand, others ordinary. Some are modern, others ancient. There are no value judgments here. Since I consider type to be transpersonal, I consider the personas we take on to have transpersonal or archetypal quality, tooeven the modern-sounding or prosaic

ones that wed never find featured in Bullfinchs Mythology (e.g., Servant, Helper, Clerk, Caretaker, or Committee Member). I was talking with a friend about thisabout how ordinary roles never seem to have the status that dramatic roles do. She observed that Trivia is the Goddess of the Crossroads. I asked what she meant, and she said that the roles that lack status (that seem ordinary or trivial) may actually be the most essential, because theyre the ones that "stand at the crossroads." Theyre the ones that tie together the social fabric, often in ways that are unseen and unappreciated. The value of such roles is actually inestimable, because when theyre not fulfilled, the social fabric starts to unravel. The low status we accord them may be due to their feminine character, which is why we dont see them in heroic literature. This seems like an important point, because we live at a time when our failure to appreciate the ordinary is bringing us to the brink of disaster. About the same time my friend told me about the Goddess of Trivia, I had a dream in which I knew I was on the plane of the archetypes. But all I saw there were ordinary-looking figures walking along a street, not doing anything the least bit heroic or special. They seemed completely nondescript. Despite their ordinary appearance, the vibrancy of their being literally knocked my socks off. They were intensely present and alive to the moment. This dream showed me that what makes an archetype is not a special role, but a quality of being. As such, its something that anyone can cultivate. I also thought a lot about how to deal with Shadow rolesthose that evoke fear, shame, or horror. I felt I couldnt leave these out, because they are also a part of our psychic lives. As depth psychologist James Hillman has said, "Shadow is an inevitable necessity of the human condition, an indelible psychological fact of all perception and all behavior." Shadow roles may be hard to look at, but they are just as much a part of us as other roles we play. Acknowledging them as ours is what helps us become integrated. Its when we cant or wont see them that they start haunting our dreams or creating symptoms that show up in outer life. From a dramatic standpoint, Shadow personas often have a critical role to play, one that cannot be played by anyone else. Witness the part of the pathetic Gollum in Lord of the Rings. Frodo is the Ordinary Hero (a Nine-ish persona), the "Everyman" who trods the long path to > > >

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Table 4. Enneagram Archetypes, Social Roles, and Life Paths

POINT
Self-preservation Instinct (Survival)
Pioneer, Settler, Wilderness Tamer, Dignified Civilizer, Civic-minded Citizen, Sober Citizen, Disciplined Perfectionist, Meticulous Worker, Copy Editor, Fine Craftsman, Grammarian, Duty-bound Family Member, Responsible Person, Honorable Survivor, Parsimonious Spender, Skinflint Guardian Angel, Mother Nature, Doting Mother, Devoted Caregiver, Homemaker, Housewife, Cook, Nurse, Fairy Godmother, Best Friend, Eager Helper, Sympathetic Listener, Inquisitive Matchmaker, Busybody, Gossip, SelfMartyring Sacrificer, Would-be Rescuer, Emotional Blackmailer, Diva, Maestro, Crone, Devouring Mother Determined Achiever, Success-oriented Careerist, Adaptable Go-Getter, Company Man, Energetic Mom, CFO, Pragmatic Entrepreneur, Hardworking Apprentice, Ambitious Journeyman, Focused Striver, Type A Personality, Comeback Kid, Big Fish in a Small Pond, Financial Security Seeker Bohemian, Artisan, Craftsmen, Storyteller, Hands-on Creator, Gypsy, Wordsmith, Concept Editor, Individualist, Weaver, Independent Learner, Interested Teacher, Persevering Seeker, Wounded Healer, Explorer of Deep Psyche, Spiritual Gambler, Self-protective Independence Seeker, Edge-Walker, Velveteen Rabbit Private Genius, Solitary Philosopher, Puzzle Solver, Mental Tinkerer, Theoretical Inventor, Blueprint Creator, Amateur Scholar, Serious Hobbyist, Stuff Collector, Space Protector, Reflective Thinker, Detailed Analyzer, Professional Student, Treasure Finder, Hermit, Nerd, Recluse, Collector Shy Loyalist, Gentle Friend, Family Preserver, Quiet Doer, Faithful Companion, Concerned Parent, Loyal Employee, Frequent Worrier, Nervous Nelly, Stable Supporter, Warm Welcomer, Gracious Host or Hostess, Brave Little Mouse, Little Engine That Could, Obstacle Surmounter, Home Economist

Sexual Instinct (Intimacy)

Monk, Nun, Ascetic, Renunciate, Evangelist, Proselytizer, Missionary, Pilgrim, Puritan, Ethical or Spiritual Counselor, Confessor, Exacting Mentor, Interrogator, Fiery Advocate, Angry Demonstrator, Thorn in the Side, Picketer, Protester, Ranting Reformist, Jealous Lover, Possessive Friend Devoted Helpmate, Supportive Partner, Selfless Lover, Sensitive Friend, Flirt, Coquette, Lothario, Seducer, Femme Fatale, Casanova, Playboy, Harlot, Divine Prostitute, Madonna, Sacrificial Christ, Vestal Virgin, Holy Innocent, Saint, Devotee, Pampered Prince or Princess, Stalker, Victim, Emotional Vampire Public Personality, Aspiring Star, Shining Star, Popular Hero, Attention-getter, Sex Goddess, Glamour Queen, Fashion Plate, Model, Manicured Professional, Airbrushed Perfection Projector, Media Sensation, Masculine Ideal, Feminine Ideal, Venus, Adonis, Barbie or Ken figure

Social Instinct (Community)

Judge, Jurist, Priest, Pope, Hierophant, Chief Justice, Abbot, Mother Superior, Examiner, Auditor, Inquisitor, Keeper of the Scrolls, Parliamentarian, Lawmaker, Old Testament Prophet, Rule Maker, Arbiter, Scribe, Legal Advocate, Social Reformer, Religious Educator

POINT 1

POINT 2

table 4, full page

POINT 3

Diplomat, Ambassador, Community Builder, Social Organizer, Neighborhood Networker, Humanitarian, Event Hostess, Social Smoother, Social Manipulator, Power Behind the Throne, Hidden Partner, Public Relations Consultant, Social Climber, Ambitious Parent, Stage Mother, Bleeding Heart Early Adapter, Effective Presenter, Team Leader, Office Seeker, Opinion Leader, Politician, Head of the Class, Valedictorian, First Among Equals, Credentialed Consultant, Lobbyist, Prestige Elite Member, Marketing Executive, Public Relations Guru, Spin Doctor, Glosserover, Master of Expediency Witty Pundit, Social Critic, Insightful Commentator, Public Artist/Designer/Architect, Refined Elitist, Social Muck-raker, Alienated Idealist, Ambivalent Truth-teller, Rebel Without A Cause, Justified Complainer, Unpopular Confronter, Loose Cannon, Ugly Duckling, Alone in the Crowd, Pained Isolate, Abandoned Child Group Observer, Recognized Expert, Honored Teacher, Tenured Professor, Knowledge Repository, Dispassionate Facilitator, Impersonal Guide, Bodhisattva, Occasional Iconoclast, Etymologist, Myth Collector, Anthropologist, Arcane Expert, Wise Man or Woman, Tribal Healer, Shaman, Witch Doctor Preservationist, Conserver of the Social Order, Historian, Loyalist, Archivist, Recorder, Community Builder/Volunteer, Committee Worker, Prosecutor, Community Protector, Police Officer, Firefighter, Upholder of Law & Order, Reluctant Whistleblower, True Believer, Vigilante, Unyielding Conformist

POINT 4

Dramatic Person, Eloquent Poet, Method Actor, Deep-Sea Diver, Unfulfilled Lover, Vengeful Lover, Passionate Soulmate, Romantic Rival, Jealous Competitor, Intense Soul Seeker, Self-transcending Artist, Serious Embracer, Great Novelist, Tortured Existentialist, Damsel in Distress, Abandoned Prince or Princess, Misunderstood Artiste Spy, Sleuth, Alchemist, Scientist, Mad Scientist, Investigator, Private Detective, Undercover Operative, Internet Wizard, Chat Room Enthusiast, Chess Player, Private Tutor, Secret Photographer, Exchanger of Confidences, Weirdo Voyeur, Secret Society Member, Wizard of Oz Fiery Rebel, Combative Opponent, Feisty Friend, Debater, Underdog Fighter, Scrapper, Runt of the Litter, Fierce Warrior, Tender Defender, Defender of the Faith, Battlefield Medic, Cowardly Lion, Beauty Queen, Miss America, Prince Valiant, Braveheart, Dauntless Explorer, Sensitive Creator, Aesthetic Appreciator, Idealistic Lover, Shy Sensualist Artless Charmer, Dance-away Lover, Shameless Hedonist, Space Cadet, Comic, Mimic, Hippie, Manic Escapist, Rake, Alcoholic, Addict, Dreamer, Artist, Trickster, Vagabond, Aimless Wanderer, Juggler, Fool, Jack, Panhandler, Self Actualizer, Gambler, Jack of All Trades, Snake Charmer, Clothes Designer, Raconteur, Troubadour God or Goddess, Gods Instrument, Guru, Rescuer, Champion, Gunslinger, Knight Errant, Charismatic Hero, Honor-Bound Avenger, Personal Intimidator, Ruthless Agent, Pirate King, Martial Artist, Avenging Angel, Angel of Death, Shiva/Kali, Destroyer, Tyrant, Hunter or Huntress Intimate Companion, Personal Valet, Devoted Servant or Retainer, Empathic Listener, Receptive Friend, Gentle Helper, Natural Mystic, Lost Soul, Fantasy Spinner, Enjoyer of Pleasure, Devotee, Tabula Rasa, Nature Worshipper, Meditator, Animal Lover, Surrendered Lover, Lover of Love

POINT 5

POINT 6

POINT 7

Bon Vivant, Salon Designer, Renaissance Man or Woman, Family Visionary, Magical Child, Fun Parent, Pastry Chef, Good Life Aficionado, Communard, Family Entertainer, Visionary Entrepreneur, Interior Designer, Home Improver, Versatile Generalist, Idea Glutton, Self-improvement Junkie, Intellectual Spinner, Self-fascinated Narcissist

Social Idealist, Political Visionary, High-Flying Utopian, Optimistic Futurist, Social Planner, Armchair Revolutionary, Intellectual Anarchist, Winged Messenger, Angelic Herald, Swift Courier, Idea Networker, Aquarian Thinker, Innovative Communicator, Human Potential Activist, Trendsetter, Jet-setter, One of the Beautiful People, Icarus

POINT 8

Father Figure, Protector, Guardian, Powerful Presence, Heavyweight, Strong Silent Type, Weightlifter, Sampson, Hercules, Atlas, Mountain Man, Mountain Mama, Force of Nature, Wilderness Survivor, Prepared Survivalist, Mother Bear, Weightlifter, Pillar of Strength, Unsung Hero, Little Orphan Annie Practical Person, Patient Endurer, Steady Worker, Sensible Thinker, Nature Lover, Unassuming Doer, Putterer, Appreciator of Detail, Enjoyer of Habits, Person of the Land, Peasant, Serf, Slave, Nomad, Herdsman, Crop Picker, Tribe Member, Cowhand, Gardener, Manual Laborer, Winnie the Pooh

Patriarch, King, Queen, Emperor, Empress, Established Ruler, Autocrat, CEO, Boss, Natural-Born Leader, Leader of the Pack, Mafia Don, Military Commander, Chieftain, Benevolent Dictator, Tactician, Strategist, Commander in Chief, Tough-love Parent, Hardliner, Gang Leader, Power Broker, Dominant Personality, Uncompromising Negotiator Group Participant, Community Member, Natural Mediator, Harmonizer, Blender, Go-Between, Peacemaker, Consensus Builder, Family Counselor, Unassuming Facilitator, Unintentional Networker, Faithful Steward, Activity Coordinator, Coach, Referee, Team Supporter

POINT 9

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its end, only to find that when he gets there, hes unable to do what needs to be done. Its Gollum, not Frodo, who makes the final critical move that brings the story to a decisive conclusion. Approaching the whole idea of story and roles with a little bit of humor has been helpful to me. To see whats there without getting hooked by my own value judgments about what I like or dont like about what I see! I like to use this matrix as way to spark new ways of thinking about the enneagram and to give people yet another tool for discovering their type. I showed it to a friend whod never seen the enneagram and she accurately picked out her type and subtype in a few minutes. Of course, this kind of approach doesnt always work, because type is always determined by motivation, so its impossible to pinpoint motivation based on role alone. Someone obviously doesnt have to be a social One to be a lawyer or a self-preservation Four to throw pots. Nevertheless, collecting lots of roles for each subtype can help make the idea of type a lot more concrete. It can be a way of "seeing motivation in action." One thing I discovered is that although this 27-box matrix worked well for what I was doing, there are some descriptors that just didnt fit that well into the category of a single subtype. Some are broader than that, like the ones that we use to describe type overall such as the Perfectionist or Achiever. In addition to "too broad" archetypes, I also had a problem with "too specific" archetypes, such as those that are most apt when were talking about just one wing of a subtype. A case in point is the Coach and Referee personas that are particularly apt for Point 9w8 social subtype, rather than Point 9 per se. Another is Little Orphan Annie, which seems to me like a selfpreservation 8w7. While I excluded the "too broad" roles, I usually included the overly specific roles (that lean toward one wing more than the other). One last note on the table: As I searched for descriptors for each type, I found one group more challenging than the others: Type 3. My own favorite descriptor for Type 3 is the "Chameleon," because they are so great at adaptation. But when someone is a chameleon, its hard to say what this looks like, because it changes depending on the context. Many of the descriptors I finally chose involve business and political roles because we live in a democratic consumer culture which rewards people who excel in those domains. But Threes who live in cultures with other values would likely be attracted the social roles that enable them to shine, whatever these may be. Also, Threes whose interests or values diverge from the mainstream would tailor their talents to the areas that interest them. I was talking recently with a Three whos interested in esoteric studies, and his

interest is in gaining recognition in that area, not in mainstream culture. Still, many of the Three sub-

Approaching the whole idea of story and roles with a little bit of humor has been helpful to me. To see whats there without getting hooked by my own value judgments about what I like or dont like about what I see!

type descriptors (e.g., High-Rising Achiever or Team Leader) can be applied in many different domains.

Encircling the Enneagram Since my interest is in looking at the enneagram in terms of creative potentials, I like to generate lots of ways to look at personas. So in addition to exploring all the different roles possible for each subtype, Ive been exploring how the different personas "shade into" one another as we move from Point 9 to Point 1 to Point 2, etc. This has already been explored to some extent by authors who like to explore the wings (e.g., Riso & Hudson and Tom Condon), but I did it in a more detailed and graphical way. First, I divided the wing types by subtype, which gave me six subtypes per type (e.g., SP 1w9, SX 1w9, SOC 1w9, SP 1w2, SX 1w2, SOC 1w2). Then I added one more set of three subtypes per type that showed the "bi-winged" personas. Last, I placed all of these personas on the enneagram (see Figure 5). The top line (in regular type) is the self-preservation subtype, the second line (in italics) is the intimate subtype, and the third line (in bold) is the social subtype. Seeing the descriptors graphically depict- > > >

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ed helps me see the relationship of types and subtypes on the outer circle of the enneagram. In the enneagram community, were used to talking about the flow along the inner lines. But theres also a flow along the outer

In the enneagram community, were used to talking about the flow along the inner lines. But theres also a flow along the outer lines. Arranging the subtype descriptors along the outer edge makes it easier to see the nature of that flow.

It was hard for me to select just one label for each position, because of my strong sense that no one label can really capture all the aspects of that position. But it would just be too confusing to have multiple labels, so I have to settle for one. In the end, it doesnt matter that much. Both the table and the diagram arent designed to be definitive, just evocativeto stimulate thinking and evoke an imaginative response. This is the way I like to work with the enneagram. Other approaches I find interesting include looking at the themes and stories associated with each type (as Tom Condon and Judith Searle are doing), and working with visual images of type (as Katherine Chernick and David Fauvre are doing). Recently, Ive also become more aware of the theme of life paths coming up in Peter OHanrahans work with the subtypes. My own ongoing enneagram explorations focus

on diverse areas, but they always encompass the idea that type is a positive energy potential. In other articles, I explore the relationship between the personality and process enneagrams, the relationship between the enneagram and other systems (e.g., Ken Wilbers), the enneagram from the perspective of systems theory, and the nature of the enneagram subtypes (as life arenas). These articles are all available on my website (www.enneagramdimensions.net). The common thread that runs throughout these articles is the idea that its possible to explore type and subtype not in order to transcend them, but in order to fulfill their promise. Its this sense of promise that intrigues me and draws me deeper into enneagram studies. Notes 8 In Search, by James Hillman, p. 135 9 9w8= Type 9 with an 8 wing

Figure 5. Wings Around the Enneagram.

lines. Arranging the subtype descriptors along the outer A progression of subtypes around the outer enneagram circle. edge makes it easier to see the nature of that flow. I also like to work with this list to explore the Unassuming Enjoyer relationship between "lookalike" types. Many lookaDreamy Lover like types can be distinguished by looking at subUniversal Harmonizer Careful Compiler Patient Accepter type, and this figure is helpful in that regard. Wistful Lover Receptive Lover Enduring Protector Conscientious Detailer Take Sixes and Ones. Both types tend to be Fair Mediator Calm Pacifier Assertive Lover Self-contained Lover industrious and responsible. But Ones are Strong Ruler Reserved Arbitrator Powerful Survivor "anger types" while Sixes are "fear types." Self-critical Perfectionist Chivalric Lover 9 Intense Lover I tried to pick descriptors that captured Triumphant Leader High-minded Civilizer this difference. I describe the One as Resourceful Realist Concerned Citizen Bold Lover a High-minded Civilizer and Impassioned Lover Confident Initiator Social Reformer Social Reformer. These terms are 1 8 designed to convey the sublimated fire that fuels this Good Samaritan point of view. I describe the Zesty Pragmatist Giving Lover Enthusiastic Lover Six, however, as a Public Servant Strategic Planner Community Server and Natural Nurturer Family Preserver. These Good Life Aficionado Eager Lover Joyful Lover descriptors emphasize Friendly Hostess Social Visionary the desire to join with 2 7 Best Friend a group in order to Receptive Enthusiast Seductive Lover ensure mutual help Playful Lover Social Networker Community and protection. Entertainer I also tried to show how moving Affable Go-Getter Family Appreciator from one point to Charming Lover Grateful Lover Cooperative Leader another (and one cenCommunity Developer ter to another) subtly Focused Achiever Family Preserver Model Lover but definitively shifts Tender Lover 3 Political Aspirant 6 Community Upholder the focus. For example, moving from Seven to Independent Professional Cautious Conserver Image-aware Lover Bashful Lover Eight represents a shift in Prestige-conscious Leader Community Server both point and center. The self-preservation 7w8 is a Detached Puzzler Artistic Achiever Zesty Pragmatist while the Undemonstrative Lover Self-conscious Lover 5 4 Trend Analyzer Distinctive Aristocrat self-preservation 8w7 is a Non-Conforming Artisan Reclusive Thinker Resourceful Realist. The intimate Self-dramatizing Lover Private Lover 7w8 is an Enthusiastic Lover while Social Critic Public Observer Dauntless Creator Crusty Eccentric the 8w7 is a Bold Lover. The social Moody Lover Quirky Lover 7w8 is a Strategic Planner while the 8w7 Ruthless Truthteller Iconoclastic Commentator KEY TO is a Confident Initiator. The point change KEY TO SUBTYPE LABELS: SUBTYPE LABELS means a shift from enthusiasm to dominance. Self-pres. Subtype Self -pres. Subtype Sexual Subtype The center change means a shift from mental to Social Subtype Sexual Subtype instinctual energy. I tried to use language that would Social Subtype Figure 5. Wings Around the Enneagra m. A progression of subtypes around the outer enneagram circle. reflect these kinds of shifts.

Body B y

H Head

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Are All Nine in There?

I think Im partly a Six and partly a One and partly a Three. Rich made this statement in a team-building session as we were discussing the various Ennea-types represented on the team. Later, almost everyone on the team privately relayed that they saw Rich as a Six and were surprised that he didnt see it. But they could relate to his comments because they too saw themselves as more complex than being one fixed personality type. Richs statement is one I hear frequently when I explain the Enneagram to peoplethey see other peoples type clearly, but it takes them a while to see their type with the same focus. Traditionally, I have put their concerns to rest with a standard answer along the lines of, Well, we have all of the types in us, but one is dominant. But then I, like most others in the Enneagram world, go on to act as if I never said that and continue to focus on the persons type. Whats going on here? In Character and Neurosis, Claudio Naranjo writes: We may say that the mental skeleton that we all share is like a structure that can, like a crystal, break in a certain number of ways that are pre-determined, so that among the set of main structural features any given individual (as a result of the interaction between constitutional and situational factors) ends up with one or the other in the foreground of his personalitywhile the remaining features are in a more proximate or more remote background. (p. 12) Essentially, Naranjo proposes that the nine features are all there within a given individual but that one is in front and the others range in prominence behind the main feature. Notice that Naranjo does not say whether or not there is an standard ordering to this prominence; i.e., he does not say that if you are, say, a Nine, the next prominent type residing in your psyche will be Three, then Seven, then Four, etc. He probably avoids this topic because the interaction between constitutional and situational factors is so complex and potentially varied that there probably is no pattern to the order of the features. While every Enneagram teacher worth his or her salt would agree that all of the types are in there, I have yet to come across any who explore the significance of feature proximity (which types are closer to the front of our individual psyche and which are farther away) and how we can use that knowledge for growth. Instead, most teachers stay confined to the geometric dynamics of the drawing, explaining similarities across type in terms of constructs that are in some way wedded to the diagram. In other words, we explain why Nines sometimes look Three-ish by focusing on connecting lines, why they sometimes look Four-ish by talking about Hornevian groupings, etc. These explanations may be valid, but they can handcuff us into a model of existence rather than giving us the ability to see and experience our existence as it really is. If you tell someone often enough that as an Eight they need to focus on being more Two-like and less Five-like, they will begin to see it and then to believe it. Because the mind works in

by Mario Sikora 2007

Mario Sikora
ways that seeks confirming evidence and ignores contradictory evidence,* people will naturally become trapped in that limited view of themselves. What if our Eight really needs, based on the circumstances of his or her life, to be more Four-like? Note: (*See, for example, Stumbling on Happiness by Daniel Gilbert or Dont Believe Everything You Think by Thomas Kida.) I have also seen connecting points, wings, Hornevian relationships, and the like used to explain any and all sorts of behavior in a person. In fact, I once listened to two Enneagrammers explain the behavior of a mutual acquaintance that went something like: Well, Jane is a Nine, and she was acting that way because she was disintegrating to Three. Actually, Jane is a Five. Oh, well Threes and Fives are both in the competency group, so Im not surprised Yeah, that makes sense. A model this malleable starts to loose value after a while; if you can make it do whatever you want and on its own it doesnt really do anything at all. Sometimes people simply do things because they seem to make sense at the time. Id like to propose another way of looking at feature proximity. First we must define what we talk about when we talk about type. Naranjo, refers to an adaptational strategy that leads to a certain fixity of obsolete responses (Character and Neurosis, pp. 5-6). This phrase inspired Robert Tallon and me to adopt the term strategy for what lies at the core of Ennea-type. For example, the chief feature of the Three is their unconscious preference of the strategy of Striving to be Outstanding. This bias leads Threes to behave in ways suited to the strategy, the repetition and habituation of the behaviors leads to the fixity that we refer to as Ennea-type. In other words, Threes are driven by a need to be outstanding (I would conjecture that this need is due to some constitutional factors, but it is merely conjecture). They find certain behaviors that help them achieve this need. They repeat those behaviors. Those behaviors become habitual and fixed. They continue to exhibit traits consistent with the classification called Ennea-type Three. Thus, our definition of what constitutes type was based on the preferred strategy (what one was most frequently striving to be) rather than on observable traits and behaviors. This is a significant distinction. No longer were Threes, for example, the successful, accomplished, hardworking, and imageconscious type; they became people whos preferred strategy was striving to be outstanding and this strategy could include all sorts of behaviorseven those that didnt necessarily look Three-ish. As we all know, Threes and Eights, for example, share many superficial traits. But they often do similar things for very different reasons: Threes because a behavior serves their preferred strategy of striving to be outstanding; Eights because the same behav-

ior serves their preferred strategy of striving to be powerful. Some would argue that the nine types are real and objective, but such language makes me a little nervous. If this is meant in the sense of Platonic formsa concept popular in some Enneagram circlesit means that the types actually exist in the universe independent of the people who display them. (Plato made this case for what he called forms, things like beauty and truth; some in the Enneagram make the same case for the Holy Ideas.) In other words: even if there where no people a Platonic view says that there would still be Ennea-types. A strategy, however, is a concept, an approach, or a method. It need not exist independently of humans because it is something that has evolved in humans over time and will probably continue to evolve. An Enneagram based on fixed traits will disappear over time because human nature is continually (albeit gradually) evolving; an Enneagram based on strategies has room for evolution. Another problem with an approach to a real and objective Enneagram based on traits is it becomes harder to explain the existence of all types inside of our psyche and for variable feature proximity (i.e., the ordering of the strategies or types as they are found in an individual). Heres what I mean: I am an Eight. When people who know me observe me, they see my Eight-ness. But they can also find Five-ness, One- > > >

Workshops
with Thomas

Condon

Working with your Enneagram style to truly grow and change

Therapeutic Metaphor & the Enneagram Long Beach, CA / January 27-28, 2007 The Dynamic Enneagram Fort Wayne, IN / March 17 - 18, 2007 Stress/Security Points and Wings Zurich, Switzerland March 23 - 25 2007

A free workshop brochure and catalog of Thomas Condon's CDs, books and videos can be downloaded at www.thechangeworks.com Or call Katharine at 541-382-1894 PO Box 5909, Bend, OR 97708

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ness, and Three-ness pretty close to the surface on most days (in both positive and negative ways). Thus, using Naranjos terms, it could be said that the features of Five-ness, One-ness, and Three-ness are more proximate for me than are the other strategies. Other Eights, however, may display more proximate Seven-ness and Two-ness. If the nine types are real and objective, how does one explain such variation? By looking at adaptational strategies influenced by interaction between constitutional and situational factors, however, it becomes easier to account for the variation. I display more Five-ness than other Eights because my constitution and circumstances made those strategies rise to the fore (not necessarily because Im psychologically unhealthy as some views would have it). Humans are adaptive creatures and we all use different strategies at different times under different circumstances; our problem is that we dont do it flexibly or frequently enough. Once we establish strategy as the root of what we call Ennea-type (as Naranjo seems to) we can now move on to the significance of what it means to have all of the types in us. What we really have, of course, is access to all of the strategies. The degree to which we use those strategies, which is determined by constitutional and situational factors, leads to the degree of fixity of the various traits that stem from those strategies. In other words, even though I am an Eight (with a preferred strategy of striving to be powerful), I also demonstrate Five-ish (striving to be detached) traits because I use that strategy a lot and behaviors inspired by it have become conditioned into the wiring of my brain. Other Eights look different because their strategy preference order is different and they develop different fixed traits. This opens up a whole new way of looking at the Enneagram. Rather than focusing on the geometry of the diagram and working on oneself in a prescribed pattern, it becomes possible to focus on ones real needs if we understand how each of the nine strategies exhibits itself in our lives. Typically, people taking an Enneagram type test are told to look at their highest score as an indication of their type (or to pick it out of the top three scores) and then to ignore the other eight scores as irrelevant (or else some lip-service is paid to all the types being in us). If, however, there is any relevance to your top score on a valid and reliable test, there must be some relevance to the lower scores as well. By examining your scores on such an assessment you can see which strategies are proximate and which are recessed. This allows you to look specifically at your life and see if you have a tendency to over-do or under-do a particular strategy and develop a plan for growth. My associates, Mark Bodnarczuk and Elin Larson of the Breckenridge InstituteTM, and I have just developed an on-line test called the Sikora SPI TM (Strategy Preference Indicator) that indicates preferences in both Ennea-type strategies and instinctual preferences. The report includes scores plotted on a radar graph for easy visual representation of not just the preferred strategy but the ranking of all of the strategies in order (see Figure One). The radar graph, in a sense, becomes a snap-shot of the psyche in terms of the strategies and Ennea-types. (Figure Two shows an example of the instinct profile, which I will

write more about in a future article.) of his or her life. Learning to look at the Enneagram In addition to descriptions of the Ennea-types, as if we really do have all nine strategiesand that the report provides guidance on how to tell if you we really do demonstrate traits of all nine of the are over- or under-developed in any of the strategies typesallows us to plot a course for growth to fit and what you can do about it. the reality of our experience rather than the matheThis approach is not simply a matter of staying matical structure of the model. stuck in the realm of ego fixation by in some way increasing fixation on another type. In the spirit of For additional information on the Sikora SPITM, see the ad on page 11, email info@sikoraspi.com, or Aristotles Golden Rule, happiness and effectivevisit www.sikoraspi.com. ness in life grow from effectively applying the right strategy in the right Figure One: Sikora SPITM Strategy ProfileTM amount under the right circumstances. There is nothing wrong with, say, John Doe striving to be powerful. There is something wrong, Peaceful however, with striving too 9 much to be powerful in 100 Perfect Powerful the wrong circumstances, 8 0 or not striving hard 8 1 enough to be powerful 60 under appropriate circumstances. The ability to cali40 brate the strategies in real Connected Excited 20 time (business-speak for 7 2 being present and flexi0 ble) leads to the dissolution of the fixity of obsolete responses that Outstanding Secure Naranjo wrote about. 6 3 It is important to point out that this is not an abandonment of traditional Enneagram theory. Detached 5 4 Unique TM Sunryu Suzuki said that the first mistake is to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 believe that there is a self; 71 61 8 5 50 72 5 9 56 98 56 the second mistake is to believe that there is not. In the same both/and mindset, we are a particuFigure Two: Sikora SPITM Instinct ProfileTM lar personality type and we John Doe are not. Our preferred strategy (or our type) is the Preserving 100 root of the bulk of our problems. It is a large part 80 of the story, but it is not the whole story. 60 I also agree that, as a general rule, there is value 40 in looking at connecting points of the Enneagram as 20 a guide for growth. That is, a Five generally needs to 0 work on becoming more comfortable with applying the strategy of striving to be powerful, which is found at Point Eight of the Transmitting Navigating Enneagram. However, that is a generalization and its great for a lifetime plan for development. In reality, TM however, a particular Five may actually need to focus Preserving Navigating Transmitting more on another strategy 35 92 65 given the specific demands

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Re-Discover the Enneagram

The SikoraSPI A New Online Enneagram Test!
The most reliable and valid test available.* Identifies both Enneagram type and Sub-type. A 49-page report with easy to read radar graphs.

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*The average Chronbachs alpha reliability coefficient for the SikoraSPI is .93 and the average test re-test correlation is .88. For a full report on the reliability and validity of the Sikora SPI go to www.breckenridgeinstitute.com/sikoraspi.htm

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11

Essence
return (or not) when he dies. Buddhists say all sentient beings have essence. In the Hindu concept of Brahman, pure being or core essence is consciousness and is beyond language, is manifest and is not manifest, has and doesnt have qualities, is form and is formless, is mortal and is immortal. The core of what we are is not particular, yet we are each particular manifestations of Brahman. The Self is Atman, the introspective path, and there is only one. Hmmmm.. Sometimes people refer to the moment just after we were born as the time when our essence was pure, before ego and personality began to blur it. I dont believe I had quite become the essential "me" yet, however, until I and my genetic predispositions had had a chance to interact with the environment especially other humans. Doesnt Jungs "collective unconscious" depend partly on transmitting information overland from one to another, person to person? We cant exist outside the womb without sustained nurturing psychologically (as well as physically). I prefer to place my essence at a point where I had begun to be socialized, at a point that I can remember back to if ever so fuzzily. Somewhere between 6 months old and a year or so - maybe. My interpretation of essence is that its both particular/personal and universal/impersonal. I include a third element, which is dependent on time (as is the first), and on other humans for the socially transmittable part. Looking back, I sense a continuous connection with myself and something outside of myself

fading back into earliest, continued from page 1 my murkiest memory. Essence includes a measure of ego and personality, natural properties of being human, and as such cannot be separated from either the individual or the universal. Carl Gustav Jung had the precious and uncanny ability to hold that two opposites can both be true. Okay, so essence is personal, impersonal, and dependent on living on earth long enough to receive the minimum of humanness that needs to be delivered in person. Theres one more way of looking at essence that is the most important way to me, and thats je ne sais quoi. What I mean is, you see someone across a crowded room you see him smile. Right away, you sense either a genuine, lovely smile or a phony, putrid, and manipulative grin. You sense the essence of someone. (Im putting this in crass, superficial terms, but I think you know what I mean.) Or think of a great actors ability to capture the "essence" of a character. A Beethoven string quartet has essence

and so do architecture and paintings. Theres an element of mystery in our experience of essence and this je ne sais quoi is what most interests me. Its a fascinating consideration because in incorporating immediacy, intuition, feeling, intelligence, and more, it involves some of our most exalted human qualities. Is that an artists view as opposed to a spiritual view because it puts humans first instead of the Universe? Not to me. I see the wonder of the Universe mirrored

in the perfection of art and whats best in people, including our ability to appreciate one anothers essence in all its subtlety. The dark side of that is that were able to ferret out falsity with the same sixth sense that can make the most enormous mistakes in judgment.

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Loyola University
Hussey Lounge in Damen Hall on the Lake Shore Campus of Loyola University, Chicago.
The cost is $100 for both days

Sponsored by the First Analysis Institute of Integrative Studies and the Institute of Pastoral Studies.
For brochure and info. call Jerome Wagner 847-492-1690 or jwagner5@aol.com Advanced registration is required, please mention the workshops name and send a check for $100 payable to:

First Analysis Institute of Integrative Studies P .O. Box 06236 Chicago, IL 60606-0236
generally accorded or made available to students at the Institute. The Institute does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin, sex or physical handicap in the administration of its educational policies, admission policies, scholarship programs, and Instituteadministered programs of any type.

*The First Analysis Institute of Integrative Studies admits students of any race, color, national or ethnic origin and sex to all the rights, privileges, programs, and activities

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RH Enneagram

At-A-Glance
Two The Helper Three The Achiever Four The Individualist Five The Investigator Six The Loyalist Seven The Enthusiast Eight The Challenger

The Wings
Nine The Peacemaker

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3w2 The Star Extraordinary social skills and enjoy being the center of attention. Pride themselves in charm, humor, and attractiveness. Interest in interpersonal contact. Healthy: More outwardly emotional and spontaneous than other subtype. Responsive to needs of others. Perky and vivacious. Average: Know how to turn it on when they need to impress someone. Care a great deal about what others think of them. Unhealthy: Manipulative and entitled, appetite for revenge. 3w4 The Professional A complex subtype whose traits often conict. More focus on work, achievement, and recognition. Can be more emotionally vulnerable. Can be quiet, rather private, and have artistic interests. Healthy: Intuition directed to self and others. Want their work to be outstanding and will put great energies into endeavors. Average: May feel they are putting entire self-worth on line with every project. Unhealthy: Alternate wildly between ego-ination and self-doubt. Grandiose fantasies. 4w3 The Aristocrat Four and Three traits produce a subtype which is emotionally volatile and contradictory. Both types are concerned with self-image. Combined traits offset weaknesses. Healthy: Combine creativity and ambition. Feel the need to communicate to a particular audience. Adaptable, humorous. Average: Able to conceal real emotional condition more than other variant. Need for attention and admiration motivates action. Unhealthy: Self-contempt, alienated. 4w5 The Bohemian Traits of Four and Five reinforce each otherboth are withdrawn. Markedly more observant of environment, particularly of other people, than other variant. Healthy: Extremely creative. Combine emotionality and introspection with perceptiveness and originality. Enjoy the process of creativity. Average: Given to philosophical and religious speculation. Tend to be loners. Unconventional. Unhealthy: Go in circles pondering a terrifying inner world. 5w4 The Iconoclast The traits of the Five and Four reinforce each. Both are withdrawn. Both feel something essential in themselves must be found before they can live completely. Healthy: Union of intuition and knowledge, sensitivity and insight. More synthetic in thinking than other variant. Average: Creative, imaginative. Emotional depth causes difculties in sustaining efforts and working with others. Unhealthy: Mix of envy and contempt. 5w6 The ProblemSubtype most often associated with Fivesan intellectual interested in science, technology, acquiring facts, etc. The analysts and cataloguers of their environments. Healthy: Observe the world with great clarity. Gift for drawing meaningful conclusions from various facts and making predictions. Cooperative and disciplined. Average: Totally wrapped in intellectual pursuits. Can be rebellious and argumentative. Private. Unhealthy: Suspicious, contentious. 6w5 The Defender The Six and Five traits are in some conict. Sees self as ghting for the underdog. Serious, self-controlled, and committed. Can be outspoken. Healthy: Combine capacity for organization with curiosity. Strong intellectual streak. Practical problemsolvers. Average: More independent than other subtypeless likely to seek advice. Detached, cerebral, and pessimistic. Fear conspiracy. Unhealthy: Growing isolation, paranoid. 6w7 The Buddy Affable, supportive, and strongly identied with others. More eager to be liked than other variant. Monitor reactions of others for acceptable behavior. Sociable and interested in a good time. Healthy: Broad areas of interest. Many attracted to performing arts. Self-depracating. Playful and funny. Zest for experience. Average: Hardworking and loyal. Problems with procrastination and initiation. Seek reassurance. Unhealthy: Become dependent. Stuck in abusive situations. 7w6 The Entertainer Attempt to nd satisfaction for themselves, while looking to others for additional sources of stimulation. Most gregarious and outgoing of all subtypes. Healthy: Highly productive with an infectious joie de vivre. Noticeably engaging, playful, childlike. Positive outlook. Average: Witty and fast talking. Tend to lose focus and become scattered. Can appear nervous and dgety. Trouble with followthrough. Impulsive. Unhealthy: Manic. Acute inferiority. 7w8 The Realist The combination of Seven and Eight produce an aggressive subtype. Extremely assertive and industrious. More goaloriented, pragmatic, and ambitious than other variant. Healthy: Exuberant and enthusiastic. The capacity for leadership. Known for quick minds. Tenacious. Earthy and practical. Average: More practical and worldly than other variant. Seek intense experiences. Can get jaded and world-weary. Unhealthy: Reckless living on the edge. 8w7 The Independent A very aggressive subtype. Blunt, realistic, and extroverted. Consistent in self-presentationsame at work as at home. Cut to the chase, no-nonsense. Healthy: Actionoriented, extremely energetic. Combine a quick mind with vision for practical possibilities. Condently take initiative. Average: Interested in power and experience. A strong business sense. May use their resources to manipulate others. Unhealthy: Ruthless and impulsive. 8w9 The Bear The traits of the Eight and those of the Nine are in some degree of conict with each other. More domestic than other variant. Exude an aura of quiet strength and of power held in reserve. Healthy: Possess a quiet power and an understated wisdom. Steady in the execution of goals. Calm, reassuring, and protective of others. Average: Discrepancies in their attitudeshard-nosed at work, warm and affectionate at home. Unhealthy: Quietly menacing. Vengeful. 9w8 The Referee A difcult subtype to understand because Nine and Eight are in such diametrical opposition. Tend to operate more on instincts and hunches. Healthy: Combine strength with good nature, sensuality with power. May have numerous skills, tend not to promote themselves. Average: Compartmentalize their emotions. Complacent in some areas of lifecompetitive in others. Stubborn and defensive. Unhealthy: Strong aggressions. No affect. 9w1 The Dreamer The Nine and One traits tend to reinforce each other. More cerebral and emotionally controlled than other subtype. Interested in ideas, symbols, and concepts. Distinctive idealistic quality. Healthy: Possess enormous integrity. Great common sense. Wonderful at synthesizing different schools of thought and points of view. Average: May be crusaders of some sort. Are sure about their opinions. Get caught in non-essentials. Unhealthy: Extremely withdrawn. Schizoid.

One The Reformer

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2006, The Enneagram Institute, All Rights Reserved. Concept and Design 2006, Joyce Stenstrom.

1w9 The Idealist The idealism of the One is heightened and reinforced by the Nine-wing. A sense of distancing, of being an outside evaluator. More cerebral and remote than other variant. Healthy: Unusually objective and moderate. Civilized in best sense of word. Kind and considerate. Average: Actively campaign for their beliefsthough somewhat pessimistic that people will listen. May be seen as elitist. Unhealthy: Resist seeing what does not t their world view. 1w2 The Advocate Both One and Two strive to comply with the dictates of the superegoto be good. Warmth as well as focus on people. More ery and action-oriented than other variant. Healthy: Mix tolerance with compassion, integrity with concern for others. Willing to get into the trenches to bring about change. Average: Well-intentioned and seek to educate others. Involved in public causes and reforms. Tendency to perfectionism. Unhealthy: Intolerant and condescending.

2w1 The Servant Empathy and interpersonalism of the Two are counterbalanced by restraint/objectivity of the One. Strive for love through goodness. Sense of duty. Healthy: Feel a seriousness of purpose. Strong desire to relieve human suffering. Good Samaritans, willing to take thankless tasks. Average: Empathy mixed with judgement. Difculty saying no to people. Feel obligated to struggle against their selsh feelings. Unhealthy: Self-righteous, inexible, moralistic. Hypochondria. 2w3 The Host/Hostess Both Two and Three relate easily to people. Seek love through the creation of intimacy and personal connection. More seductive than other variant. Employ charm to win affection of others. Healthy: Self-assured, aura of well-being. Free-spirited. Enjoy bestowing whatever talents they possess on friends and family. Average: Want to project an image of outstanding warmth and friendliness. May have excessive friendliness. Unhealthy: Manipulative and exploitative. Hostility all consuming.

Based on Personality Types and The Wisdom of the Enneagram by Don Riso and Russ Hudson www.EnneagramInstitute.com
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The Conversation # 19
Tom Isham: In the previous conversation, Carl Marsak said the enneagram adds real juice to other disciplines, especially to those which are stale, overly pedantic and disembodied. So it does. For it functions (in his words) like an alchemical agent, catalyst or seed crystal, to energize and uplift. I like the alchemical language, which captures the dynamic, process-oriented nature of the enneagram. Gurdjieff called the enneagram a philosophers stone after the mysterious substance the alchemists used to transmute lead into gold. Metaphorically, the enneagram does a similar work, as it transmutes the dross of ego into the essence of spirit. In doing so, it does not substitute itself for the great religions and spiritual traditions. Like alchemy, it mediates between matter and spirit. It urges religions or spiritual traditions to rediscover and fulfill their essential tasks of rebinding heaven and earth (rebinding or re-ligare is a root meaning of religion). When dogmas and orthodoxies become rigid and lifeless, the alchemical project revives them by adding real juice to their otherwise uninspiring presentations. I speak of spiritual alchemy, of course. I dont have furnaces, retorts, crucibles, and like pieces of gold-making equipment in the basement. As a form of spiritual alchemy, the enneagram is ideally fitted to revive dead traditions by linking spiritual realities with psychic and physical realities. Thus it helps us make sense of ourselves, of others, and of the nature of process in general. I was also struck by the notion of wearing enneatype lightly, mentioned by Susan Rhodes and others. It reminded me of G. K. Chestertons remark that it is easy to be heavy: hard to be light. Satan fell by the force of gravity. Indeed, pride and levity are opponents. Its easy to be grave; simple to be sad; natural to take ourselves too seriously. Hell draws us down, heaven lifts us up. Its easy to write an editorial, hard to write a joke. If worn lightly, the enneagram allows us to laugh at our faults and foibles. Finally, I was intrigued by Jack Labanauskas assertions that limitations co-exist quite nicely with tremendous talent and that many of the greats in any field have some affliction or other. I think there is valuable truth in these assertions, and perhaps a further reason for lightening up our use of the enneagram and not striving so hard to improve ourselves. (I speak as a One to myself.) I recall the Greeks had a god by the name of Hephaestus, associated with fire and forge. Hephaestus was born lame and remained so, a condition that limited him to spending much of his time tinkering and building in his workshop, where he fashioned a variety of wonderful things, ranging from Achilles armor to brazen bulls. While healthier specimens of the race were waging wars and chasing females, Hephaestus polished his skills and surpassed all other craftsmen. In the same way (as Jack suggests), special skills may develop in an individual to compensate for the presence of a defect. In a sense, our enneatype is both a defect and an opportunity, a weakness and a strength. Ones wounds are an integral part of ones self. They have a purpose only they can serve. Like a providential dise-

Tom Isham Kirby Olson Jack Labanauskas Susan Rhodes Mario Sikora
quilibrium placed amidst the circumstances of life, they are capable of bringing forth special gifts to the world. Kirby Olson: I really enjoyed last months conversation and thanks to Jack for whatever he did to make it flow better. It did flow better, as if we are having a real integrated conversation. Im getting to know the different participants and so its easier to follow personalities, too. I wanted to thank all and to take up Carl Marsaks points. He argues that the enneagram has much to bring to fields such as feminism and cultural studies (as well as other academic disciplines). Since that is more or less where I work, and what I would like to achieve, I would like to point out some of the obstacles that lie ahead in terms of that potential achievement based upon personal experience. Helen Palmer mentions in her audiotape series to the enneagram that while we think that academia is the province of the 5, it is actually the province of the 6. Although of course this doesnt mean that only 6s can be found in academia, but it means that 6 is the way things work because for whatever reason most academics are sixes or have some strong link to six. There is paranoia, worst-case scenario thinking, a need for grounding, and all the other problems of six. Most importantly, sixes are skeptics and they require a high level of proof. And this is going to be a huge hurtle for the enneagram to jump. Proof isnt possible in personality theory. In the humanities we can still make strong cases without scientific rigor (nothing in the humanities can be proved because we are dealing with values, rather than facts). As a five who is more or less behind enemy lines in six turf (I have tenure at a branch of the State University of New York) I have tried (rather unsuccessfully) to move academia toward five. Most of my profession (English) is mired in the work of Marx and Marxists. Marx is clearly a six, dividing the world into two armed camps, and fraught with all kinds of negative suspicion toward the other camp. Probably something like 99% of the articles coming out in the top journals use Marx or Marxists as philosophical grounding for their insights. Feminism in the academy is Marxist-feminist. It was briefly Jungian-feminist in the 1970s and early 1980s but the Marxists drove out the Jungians by the mid-80s as navel-gazers and at this point to cite Jung would mean that your article was not accepted or if it was it would not be taken seriously. Cultural studies today, coming as it does out of the work of Marxists such as Walter Benjamin and the earlier work of Julia

Kristeva (she was an ardent Maoist in the 70s who learned Chinese in order to translate Maos poetry into French) could use a heavy dose of five. But its very hard to change peoples basic orientation. Unless you have the sense of us vs. them that sixes generally have, and unless your us is based on race, gender and class, its very hard to get very far in this profession. You might as well try to get the leadership of North Korea to use the enneagram. Nevertheless, there is a tiny five minority in academia. I know about a dozen or so (I have discovered since learning the enneagram that all my close friends are fives or fours). In these cases (fives), I can always get them to look at the enneagram and to type themselves (the open mindedness of fives). However, fives tend not to gravitate toward leadership roles, and end up as marginals inside academia. They dont run journals or chair departments, and will rarely if ever stand up to sixes. They let sixes run the basic department and act as freeloaders inside departments, focusing on their own research rather than service to students or to the college. There are very few eights in academia, but the few I have identified do end up running departments (for some reason they are usually Miltonists). I cant deal with them well, or with sixes. Its only recently and thanks to the enneagram that Ive even begun to understand them. I can deal easily with fives, fours, and sevens, but most of the other numbers I dont really know how to manipulate. And with sixes, I have an impossible time. They wont even think about anything except Marx. Gurdjieff said that anyone who wont think about the fourth way is a lost cause, so dont bother. This led to a closed and elite group. If we wish to open the enneagram to use by the larger community, and we wish to open academia towards it in order to use its authority, we will have to deal with the closed six mentality. Michael Goldberg says in Travels with Odysseus that this is impossible. He compares the six world to that of the Laestrygonians who were the giants that blindly attack Odysseus ships and sink ten of the eleven. When you are in Laestrygonia, Goldberg writes, The world seems dangerous, the truth is hidden and appearances are suspect. People are divided into enemies and allies. It is us against them... reality looks black and white, with no shades of gray. ...You are not affirmed for who you really are: your honorableness, your good intent, your kind heart... The Laestrygonians cannot be conquered or eradicated, or convinced that they are wrong... See the truth of their position... and then move on (66). Goldberg goes on to write, Laestrygonians feel compelled to mount a devastating, pre-emptive attack. They dont know how to evaluate potential problems, so they destroy everything in sight. They overestimate the enemy (67). I originally went into academia, I now see, to change it over to fiveness. I had thought this field is way too paranoid. We need to read Kant and Locke and Hobbes, rather than Marx. I wanted analysis of beauty (five with four-wing) but they want political readings of literature. Two decades on, the enneagram has helped me to realize the enormity of the problem I had before me. I had actually > > >

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thought this would be easy to infiltrate the Laestrygonians and restore a sense of humor and balance and to remind them that literature is first about beauty. I did have three books published at university presses, but I can say with assurance that I havent changed in the slightest the basic paranoid nature of English studies. Anyone who wants to take on academic feminism or Cultural Studies had better be prepared for failure. There is a very special language in academia, as well as a well-policed hierarchy. Outsiders are not even able to get published in most journals, or permitted to speak on campuses. If you dont share the basic presuppositions and language of Laestrygonia (race, gender, class) then you wont be heard. If we want to switch Cultural Studies from thinking about the binary of white and not-white to thinking instead about nine different types within the races, or if we want to get feminists to realize that women and men are nine different types rather than two (women good, men bad), then all I can say is you had better have a good plan and a lot of patience. Its not just deep in the institutional bones, its also deep in the personality of those guarding our academic institutions. Outside of academia there may be feminist 8s like Andrea Dworkin. Inside, youre going to meet a much more intellectually formidable foe, and it is one that is reinforced by the groupthink of hundreds of thousands of such women who interlock and reinforce one anothers ideas. Just try and get Hannah Arendt a five into a conversation. Shes immediately ruled out of court as not being Marxist enough. She is a woman, so she wont be attacked, but she is not Marxist. Unless someone can come up with a new way to tranquillize sixes and de-program their basic Marxist paradigm we are dealing with a powerful set of giants with paranoid minds. Think of the Laestrygonians. How would you get them to change? Goldberg offers one basic rule, which is to assure them that youre on their side. So if someone wanted to argue that race, gender and class could be BETTER understood or advanced with the enneagram someone inside might listen. I havent given up yet, but I admit that this project which many have articulated (Jerry Wagner has indicated that he too would like to see more academic publications on the enneagram) will require strategizing at a group level. It will require a coordinated plan. It will also require minority women to make the effort. They have more standing than anyone else in academia. It is possible that they would be heard. As a white man, I am immediately suspect. Do we have any tough minority women on staff? They hold the keys to the city of academia. Ken Wilber, I believe, is a lost cause on account of skin-color and gender. He might make it at an odd and Buddhist institution like Naropa Institute, but hed be dead meat at most of our state universities. If someone could get in and change the very soul of the American academy it would be a great thing. But it wont be easy as Jack going up the beanstalk to get the gold and the harp. Thats what I had originally thought. No, this is a different story altogether this is an odyssey in which the Laestrygonians sit down and learn about themselves. Does anybody have any ideas how to get them motivated?

Jack Labanauskas: Kirby, I feel your pain. YinYang polarity is alive and well in academia toothe bigger the front, the bigger the back. Just as in medieval times it was the Catholic Church, the representatives of Godliness, selling absolution to sin, today its academia (with the possible exception of the hard sciences) and the MSM (main stream media), our representatives of learning & information that demand politically correct orthodoxy. Orwell was right and we now have newspeak. Just consider how many of the most unfree countries call themselves democratic; or, how many repressive organizations whose policies are aimed at taking your freedoms away use liberty, rights, release, choice, preference or alternative in their name. Its a mystery to me how for decades it has eluded so many in academia that millions and millions are fleeing various Marxist workers paradises and seeking betterment under evil corporations in capitalist free market economies. The trend in academia of fawning over Marxism goes beyond connection to type Six and probably has to do with a misplaced tipping point where energy and focus shift between justice and compassion in inappropriate ways. Susan Rhodes: Kirby, Im sympathetic to your plight. Political correctness on campus is a big problem for independent thinkers. Its so ingrained in some departments that it can be almost impossible to engage in any sort of constructive dialogue that crosses political lines. I wouldnt have believed the scope of the problem, except that I happened to sign up for several courses in discourse analysis during graduate school. Because I was teaching scientific writing at the time, I was literally treated as the enemy by the English graduate students in the class. Taking courses in such an atmosphere was at times almost unbearable. My hat is off to you for continuing to work in an environment that is so hostile to free thought. So I would have to agree with you that Marxism is alive and well and living very comfortably in the English departments across the land. However, I dont know whether I would characterize the culture of an English faculty as specifically paranoid or Sixish. I do see your point, though. I see a lot of angry rhetoric and radical ideas coming out of English departments nowadays. But I always figured this was because Humanities departments in general and English departments in particular (and before them, Departments of Rhetoric) have been steadily losing academic status since the time of the Enlightenment, when science began its hegemonic rise to power. English just doesnt have the place of honor it once did, and I believe this is why it became ripe for radicalization during the upheavals of the early 1970s. But is this all thats going on? I think the problem deserves a deeper look. You certainly offer us a heart-felt example of your experience as someone in a minority position whose voice has been silenced. You also give us an instructive example at how values can radically shift away from the mainstream right under our noses without most of us even realizing whats happening.

What creates this radicalization? What can we do to address it? We know the enneagram to be a powerful tool for facilitating understanding. How can we use it to break down barriers and build bridges between people with diverse ideologies? Tom Isham:in regard to Kirby Olsons plaint concerning academia, I can only say: Its worse than I feared, at least in departments of English. How amazing it is: the ivory tower, sacred space of free and open debate, captive to Marxist-Feminist political correctness and closed to the threat of anyone with the temerity to utter an original idea, always a dangerous enemy to the ideologically hidebound. Kirby Olson: Thanks to Tom, Susan, Jack and others for responding to my post in regards to the perceived difficulty of infiltrating academia. I did at least get through the door, have tenure, and several books to my credit. So I wasnt completely silenced. And I have a lot of academic friends, most of whom privately agree with my complaints. To say anything against it in public gets you in hot water of the kind experienced by Larry Summers at Harvard, so most wont do that. With tenure you cant be fired, but you can have your better classes taken away, and you might end up teaching a full slate of English Composition classes. This actually does happen to the unwary. And you can be passed over for years when the raises are passed out. At any rate, I am happy to get feedback from many of you to the effect that my thinking isnt just completely insane paranoia which I sometimes feel that it is. My own response to the heaviness of political indoctrination and to the seriousness of leftist academia has been to focus on humor theory and humor study. All my publications have been in that area, and I am the editor of To Wit: Official Newsletter of the American Humor Studies Association. It comes out twice a year and is something like a gnat in the face of a charging rhinoceros. Or so Id like to think it has that much influence! (On a side note, I notice that Ken Wilber has a few pages on humor that are terrific.) The enneagram never promised us an overnight utopia. Gurdjieff and his disciples gave up on society and formed a school within a school. Perhaps thats the right direction. The enneagram does (to my mind) help to provide a map of whats happened in English departments, and explains it to some extent to me so that I can get my bearings. Taking English back from the Marxists is not going to be as easy as Frodo taking the ring to Mordor. He had clear marching orders. We dont. Perhaps Judith Searles book The Literary Enneagram is the beginning of a renaissance for using the enneagram to understand literature. I teach the book in my Introduction to Literature class. Thats a modest beginning, and as the Maoists say, a journey of a thousand miles has to begin with a single step. Perhaps moreover there are other areas of academic specialization such as philosophy, psychology, etc., that would be more open to the enneagram. I would think that Claudio Naranjo (if he felt like it) could do a lot of good in getting himself invited to talk at universities around the nation. He has advanced degrees and has the right ethnic background. I dont know if this symbol will > > >

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ever attain critical mass within higher levels of American academic culture. The sixness seems to not want to break into nine, but to remain fixed at the level of two. What other institutions might get interested that might be more interested in exploring diversity? Are there any television talkshows where higher-level members could talk, or even get a special about it on PBS, etc.? Jack Labanauskas: Kirby, there have been several specials on PBS already with Helen Palmer talking about the tapes produced with David Daniels (if memory serves me). You may have a chance on talk radio with someone like Dennis Prager who often has guests on similar subjects for an hour at a time. * * * (Marios response below is addressing several of Jack Labanauskas and Susan Rhodes comments on Intelligent Design in previous issues questioning the validity of Darwinian theories and the implied intellectual superiority of secularism.) Mario Sikora: Okay, Jack, Ill take your bait. But first I must ask, do you refer to those who believe that the earth revolves around the sun as Copernicans and those who believe that it is gravity that causes an apple to fall to the ground as Newtonians? Among all but a handful of fringe and discredited polemicists, Darwinian evolution random mutation and natural selectionis as easily accepted as heliocentrism and gravity. It is not a theory in the sense of an untested idea or crackpot opinion, it is a theory in the scientific sense of the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another (Merriam Webster). Though not a trained scientist, for the sake of our discussion I will wear the mantle of Darwinian (and, yes, a Copernican and a Newtonian, and if believing that the earth is round makes me a Columbian, Ill wear that one too). Of course Darwinians believe that personalityand everything else, for that matterdevelops according to a set of laws of the universe. We embrace set lawslaws such as natural selection. To your comment about the possibility that personality may not only have a purpose intelligently designed to fit a greater scheme, youll have to do a little bit better before a Darwinian would offer comment. Namely, youll need to establish a testable hypothesis: define personality as its used here, define the purpose, define intelligently designed, and, finally, identify the implied designer. Until then, the rest is mere conjecture and we Darwinians must occupy ourselves with more concrete things. Jack Labanauskas: Mario, its a tall order you ask of me to: establish a testable hypothesis: define personality as its used here, define the purpose, define intelligently designed, and, finally, identify the implied designer. I can do no such thing, nor am I aware of anyone else who can. My point is that, on the opposing side, one that you prefer, the scientific community could eventually admit the possibility of intelligent design. They could do that for no other reason than the advance of science itself, which almost every day

uncovers new intricacies in nature, fresh reasons for recognizing the design inherent in life and the universe, even as they continue gathering affirmative evidence in support of evolutionary theories. One does not exclude the other. It does not seem a less reasonable leap of faith, based on the observation in ordinary life, that most explanations invoke chance, necessity, or design to cover every eventuality. For some reason, in the natural sciences one of these modes of explanation is considered superfluousnamely, design, which by definition requires an intelligent agent. You can argue that science should not be required to detect an intelligent agent by the process of elimination and that positive evidence is a mustwhich is fine, but what is the scientific explanation for the cause, not to mention the Big Bang itself? The Big Bang theory indicates that our universe had a beginning. It just as soon allows for the existence of a Creator as any other explanation. You can throw this right back at me and ask who created the Creator, or If the universe had always existed, there would not have been a need for someone to create it. Six of one, half a dozen of the other. I believe that aficionados of science and of Intelligent Design are equally mystified by these questions and will debate into the foreseeable future that a Creator does or does not exist. Im OK with that and all the other paradoxes I have no explanation for, including the mystery of the Enneagram and type. I suppose that I take the claims of science with the same grain of salt as the explanations of life by saints or scriptures. No, I take it back, I trust scientists less, because if secular, they would appear to have less incentive to abide by moral or ethical values. Whereas illuminated sages who authored some of our cherished scriptures are more believable because they are less likely to have been motivated by pedestrian ego gains. Why would someone who appears to radiate with bliss consciousness fabricate tales; that would be like lighting a candle in full sunlight. Furthermore, how could independent individuals living in different cultures, religions and ages generally report similar experiences? Mario Sikora: Susan, you are correct to write, Darwinism seems less useful for talking about the purpose of that survival. Darwinism is only concerned with the mechanisms of survival. A comment on terminology is in order: I use the term Darwinism to include neo-Darwinism, which is Darwin plus genetics. (Darwin lived before Mendell, let alone Crick and Watson, and did not have any knowledge of genes the mechanism that carried out the phenomena he observed in nature. Were he alive today he would certainly be a neo-Darwinian.) When it comes to the mechanisms of evolution, the word purpose is only used as a metaphor to make the concepts understandable. That said, Darwinism is only concerned about the purpose of genes (i.e., what survival advantage they confer on their carrier). As to the purpose of human survival (if by which we mean some sort of metaphysical purpose), that is simply not a question that can be answered through science, so Darwiniansthough they might have some conjecture on the matter would not frame it in Darwinian terms. It would be like talking about cars in terms of cloudsthey simply

have nothing to do with each other. You are also correct to say that both nature and nurture matter, Susan. Our environment affects the expression of our genes. Certain events in our environment cause certain genes to activate and others to stay dormant. Phenotypic development is the result of the interaction of genes and environment, or nature and nurture. The best description of this process Ive come across is Matt Ridleys book The Agile Gene, which was originally published as Nature via Nurture. Since evolution and Ken Wilber are the discussions of the day, I will add another comment following this caveat: I admire Susans scholarship demonstrated in her articles in the last few issues. I am not versed in Wilber, though I seem to own most of his books. I dont read them, however, because, well, theyre just too complicated for my taste. But I did try to read A Brief History of Everything some years ago and was stopped cold on pages 22 and 23 when he discusses Darwinian evolution. Whatever value Wilbers work hasIm sure it has muchI urge the reader to dismiss this section of his book. Frankly, his assertion that absolutely nobody believes the neo-Darwinian explanation of natural selection, is absurdly wrong. So fundamentally wrong on an issue for which the right answer is so easily available, that it makes me question his agenda. Further, his half-wing discussion, Im afraid to say, does not even qualify as sophomoric. Briefly, he rebuts the standard notion that wings simply evolved from forelegs. In fact, he seems incredulous that anyone could believe such a thing (despite the fact that every credible evolutionary biologist does). He describes how such an evolution would have to happen immediately, because after all, what good is half a wing? Wilber must not have read, well, say, any decent high school biology text book, or Richard Dawkins The Blind Watchmaker, or Stephen Jay Goulds The Pandas Thumb, or (the list goes on) or he would have known that this half-wing (or half-eye or half-anything else) question has been asked and answered countless times, including by Darwin himself. (Dawkins amusing answer to what good is half a wing? is One percent better than 49% of a wing, which is one percent better than 48% of a wing) Of course, one could also ask a penguinwhich is one of the transitional, forelegto-wing creatures that Wilber says have never existedthe value of half a wing. Its all very disappointing from such an obviously brilliant man. Tom Isham: Mario, Im sorry, but I have to agree with the critics of Darwin on the following: What good, after all, is half-a-wing? Or a forty-nine percent wing? Or a twenty-five percent wing? Or a ten percent wing? What was the point of an animal evolving wings early on when those wings were unable to provide any advantage for endless ages until nature had selected certain gradually improving wings for some future advantage? Call me a flat-earther but I dont get it. Mario Sikora: Speaking of a flat earth, Tom, the explanation of the evolution of the wing is readily available in the books I previously men- > > >

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tioned, and perhaps even more thoroughly in Dawkins Climbing Mount Improbable. Its a little too complicated to go into here and the reader would probably find the explanations of the professionals more enlightening than my retelling. Evolution by random mutation and natural selection seems improbable to us humans because we cant comprehend the vast time and enormous number of micro-mutations involved. Explanations are readily available, however, and I encourage the curious reader to refer to these books or others I referred to in my article in last months EM, To Be-lieve or not to Be-lieve. These pages dont seem to be the appropriate place to get side-tracked into a discussion of fundamental biological principles except as to how they affect personality, but Im happy to discuss the topic off-line with anyone who is interested. I can be reached at Mario@mariosikora.com. Jack, we have to be careful about conflating issues here. There is a difference between firstcause arguments and design arguments. Firstcause arguments (What existed before the Big Bang? Why is there something rather than nothing? etc.) are currently the domain of philosophy rather than science. Design arguments (What are the mechanisms behind evolution? Is life designed or does it merely have the appearance of design? Are there evolutionary developments that cannot be explained naturally? etc.) are arguments of identifiable fact and are the domain of science. To posit a designer who has an intelligent (i.e., active) hand in evolution, as Michael Behe, Ken Wilber do, is to make a statement of fact, namely that some organisms or components of organisms are too complicated to have evolved unaided and needed assistance from some supernatural force. Science has answered those questions many times overthe natural mechanisms of evolution are clearly explained to anyone who does the research of going to a decent bookstore and reading any of the books Ive mentioned in previous writings on this topic. When it comes to biological evolution, chance, necessity, and design are not the explanations used by scientists; adaptation and natural selection are. Specifically, design has not been ignored or considered superfluous by science, as you suggest; it has been considered repeatedly and then discarded due to lack of evidence or logic. In 1802, William Paley published Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity and made the famous watchmaker argument (basically: if you found a watch on the road you would assume that it is designed because it has the appearance of design). He extended this argument to the natural worldit has the appearance of being designed so it must have been designed by a Designer. Though Paleys book was greatly influential on the young Charles Darwin, Darwin ended up refuting Paleys ideas in On the Origin of Species. Theists have been reintroducing Paleys appearance-of-design argument in various forms ever since and biologists have been swatting the argument away for just as long. To propose that there must be a Designer because something looks designed is not a valid intellectual argument when there are other, natural mechanisms

to explain the apparent design. Embrace of paradox is fine, but not if it causes one to fall short of rationally explaining the rationally explainable. This is the problem with ID theory: it stops short, failing to seek answers where answers can be found. There are legitimate mysteries to be explored, such as what existed before the Big Bang and how the universe came into being, and scientists (namely cosmologists and physicists) are exploring these mysteries and searching for answers. While the IDers insert a designer to explain what they havent figured out yet and then stop searching, scientists (professional or not) embrace the paradoxes of ignorance and are happy with responding we dont know yet, but were working to find an answer. I find this response far richer and more interesting than the pat response, well, the designer did it. I keep tugging on this issue because, as much as I enjoy the mystery and poetry of spiritual traditions, scientific explanations have been replacing spiritual explanations of natural phenomenon at least since the time of Copernicus. In the social sciences, neuro-scientific and biological explanations have been increasingly encroaching upon and replacing the classical psychological explanations of Freud et al for behavior and states of mind, and there is no reason to believe that that trend will not continue. The Enneagram community must learn to embrace legitimate scientific explanations for natural phenomenon (such as, yes, Darwinian evolution) if it is to be widely viewed as a legitimate field of study. Jack Labanauskas: Mario, the first cause argument is my main if not sole point of contention. Because the first cause could very well have been designed to include all the mechanisms of evolution. I do not believe that a Big Bang pumped a lot of helium and hydrogen into existence and after other elements came about and the mix was right the Creator decided to play with complex organisms designing some even with self-awareness, but that the designer and what is designed somehow (and I have now idea how) are one and not separable. If design was discarded due to lack of logic, we might as well discard the entire universe for the same reason. Regardless what the question is, we can always go back one step until we come to the how of the Big Bang and then to the why. That is always the last question and I believe neither scientists nor sages are able to fully understand that. Its like scooping the ocean into a cup. And if we are left with these final questions, the only thing that logic can objectively answer is: there is something rather than nothing. All else is either metaphysical or scientific speculation. The metaphysical placing focus on the subjective experiential truths, while science puts focus on the objective demonstrable truthsand thats fine. I see no difference in the answer we dont know yet, but were working to find an answer, and well, the designer did it. The scientist is unable to find the answer and the IDer is not answering what the designer is. Both leave us as beforenot knowing. Mario Sikora: Jack, perhaps Ive misunderstood your contention; in past editions you appeared to be trying to discredit Darwin and promoting the ideas

of IDers like Michael Behe, but now you appear to be adopting Francis Collins view: Darwin was absolutely right and Darwinian evolution is merely the Creators way of bringing his creation into being. That is not a debate that can be factually argued at this point. People can go back and forth on how they deal with their incredulity over firstcause arguments, with each side finding the others to be improbable. Maybe the universe simply always existed and the Big Bang was the result of natural phenomenon following a previous black-hole inspired collapse of matter following an endless series of collapses and expansions; maybe it is all the dance of Shiva; maybe Jehovah willed it into being; maybe the flying spaghetti monster created it. Im not really that interested in that debate because I simply dont know and choose not to take a stance. There is a significant difference between the statements of the IDer and the scientist, however. They may both indicate ignorance for the moment, but the scientists statement indicates the search for knowledge; the IDers statement is the embrace of ignorance: the classic god of the gaps argument where gaps in knowledge are filled with the miraculous and then the subject is changed. History shows, however, that it is science that fills those gaps because the goal of science is to answer questions, not be complacent with simplistic, supernatural answers. If it werent for the scientific search for knowledge we would still be living in the middle agesinsisting that the earth was flat and leeching ourselves to cure our ills. Jack Labanauskas: Mario, I like Francis Collins view where both scientists and IDers can be right. He came to that position after a long life as a superb scientist and profound thinker, not as someone who is eager to embrace ignorance. There are IDers, and then there are IDers. And some of them deserve to be called IDers about as much as beer swilling grease monkeys tinkering with cars on cement blocks can be called scientists. For me it boils down to this: Scientists choose to work with a topic that lends itself to scientific exploration and they do it very well. They stick to what can be explored, tested, and demonstrated. IDers stick their neck out from the getgo. They embrace a position that by its very nature is beyond intellectwhat is created cannot contain what created it. How can they provide scientific evidence? Commons sense tells them to not even try. Scientists cant expect IDers to produce evidence, nor can IDers expect scientists to embrace an unprovable belief. We cant weigh stuff with a yardstick or measure distance with a scale, and thats the paradox I find acceptable. It neither impugns nor seeks to define one by the means of the other. What I find relevant here is a possibility that we can agree that apples and oranges are objectively fruits, but taste can only be subjective. We can apply that when drawing comparisons or looking for correlations between the enneagram types, graphology, the MBTI, polarity, brain or blood chemistry and other systems.

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Transformation of Patriarchal
disintegration of the personality. So for example for the Enneagram type 1 they are the connecting lines to points 4 and 7, for the Enneagram type 8 they are connecting lines to points 5 and 2. After all, the building blocks of life: DNA is made up out of two strands, one from the mother and one from the father, and so it is with the two lines or strands of the "spiral staircase" of integration and disintegration within the Enneagram. Take another look at the two-dimensional, rigid "human in an iron prison" or "brain trapped in a head" portrayal of the Enneagram symbol with its connecting lines and now look at it three-dimensionally, and what do you get? A dynamic spiral staircase! (See diagram 1). Brave Heart 10.8.02 More brittle than the finest branch, to've drifted o'er the precipice. Observe the hemispheres apart; How treacherous man's heart. More fearsome than the mightiest forest, to've climbed out of its hellish abyss. Observe the hemispheres in union; How powerfully strong, a man's heart The slightest touch of leaf upon skin, stirs the tendrils of man's heart within. Yet firm the hand and clear the eye, with no delay a path is hewn through dense foray. The mind surrounded by a brave heart, is strong, yet sensitive. It will not fail, receptive to the call, fulfill its mission.. In deterioration, each person grabs for what their particular desire is following the quickest perceived route to instant gratification of that desire with sometimes disastrous consequences for themselves as well as others. Instead of accessing healthy ways of relating to others or solving problems, the person becomes more and more focused on childish ways of gaining what they want instead of what they need, disempowering themselves in the process. If you want more information about this then the study of Transactional Analysis and the Triune Brian is very useful here when it explains connections and movement between the three main ego states of parent/superego, adult/ego and child/id; about adults having an open or "uncontaminated" mind or a mind which is "contaminated" by prejudicial beliefs from the parent ego state or by superstitious fears of the child ego state or both. What does that mean in practice for the 4w5? Following the lines downward the 4 will pick up the negative aspects of the 1and 2: at 1 becoming nitpicky and self-recriminating (negative accusatory parent ego state) and at 2: demanding and self-pitying (fearful child ego state). The 5 wing picks up the negative aspects of the 7 and 8: at 7 panicky and scattered, looking for escape routes, and at 8 starting to shout and stamp its feet in a tantrum. Imagine a small child who is dependent on an adult, a parent or parent figure. We speak here of a natural power imbalance. We must remember that the parent is responsible here for the child. Now the parent does not have to be an abusive parent but maybe just a tired or temporarily stressed parent. But anyway say the parent shouts at the child and projects his/her own frustration onto the child. How the child reacts to that situation will depend on their inherent DNA structure and therefore their particular Enneagram trap as well as how resourceful the child is within that trap. An 8 may think and feel themselves to be stronger than the parent and independent and therefore not dependent on this "bad" or inadequate parent figure, refusing to believe that they are and can be hurt by the parent or that they are not able to see to all

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Diagram 1 I will use point 4w5 which is my own trap as a starting point, as I am very familiar with that journey up and down that "staircase" from that point. It will become clear as we follow that journey that all the other points are "visited" and therefore people with different Enneagram points and wings will recognize themselves too here. There is a surprise in store on the way thoughwhich we will see as we "travel". But the main point is where the journey can take us, and what implications this will have and possibilities will become open to humanity as a result, in our intimate relationships, politically and socially but also psychologically and spiritually as well as ecologically for our habitat, our planet Earth and beyond our planet, the Universe. Imagine DNA forming, integration of both strands or DNA unraveling, disintegration of both strands, or think of healthy and unhealthy pathways within the brain. According to the Enneagram as we know it, the 4w5 or 5w4 would continue the spiral staircase downwards resulting in a possible suicide or mental illness like schizophrenia when disintegrating into unhealthy levels downwards. Much has been written in other Enneagram books using the DSM IV to explain this deterioration. Pictorially, this will mean that the 4w5 and the 5w4 will literary "fall into oblivion" through the gap at the bottom of the Enneagram, this is the gap or otherwise called "void" between Enneagram point 4 and 5 through the "legs of the human" or the gap between the two hemispheres within the brain into the abyss of the Universe. (See Diagram 1) Basically this means actual death or psychological death, or at least a sense of despair, depression, huge mental pain, powerlessness and sense of alienation. (See poem Brave Heart).

their needs. Such delusional thinking will have consequences for the child and adult in later life. The 4 however will try to create psychological distance between themselves and the blustering parent by curling up in silence hoping to elicit a warm and remorseful response from the parent, restoring safety and survival. What really happens though is that the 4 intra-psychically introjects the negative parent figure/superego (1) as well as the helpless child (2), and intra-psychically continues the drama by literally splitting the helpless inner child off from the powerful yet negative inner parent figure which results of course in abandonment issues. The inner parent dumping the child by being harsh and negative and unloving, the inner child "running away". It is easy to see how such an intra-psychic separation could ultimately result in schizophrenia or suicide at its extreme point of disintegration. What can a 4w5 learn though from facing the abyss at the bottom of the Enneagram? Well from what I can tell you, it was terrifying yet instructive in that I was faced with the fact that our earthly mothers and fathers are never going to be adequate in seeing to all our needs, no matter how well intending and good they are. I knew that there was something more, something which lies right inside of us, something which I had experienced and was never cut off from when I was a very young child, meditating alone in the garden of our home. And so I went in search for that compassionate inner Mother figure (See poem Lady Wisdom) on my way up the staircase again after having come face to face with the Abyss of annihilation and oblivion. Lady Wisdom 16.7.98 Here hidden in the shadows within the smallest room, inside the darkness, way below, I touch your frailty, dispel the doom. For you are Lady Wisdom. And as I speak soft murmurs, your inner flame grows stronger. And as I groan, howl, stammer all desires, hunger for your inner Grace, O Lady Wisdom Then your Light and flame burn upon my tearstained face. What can I do but turn myself to you, embrace your dancing fire, O Lady Wisdom. These treasures I can only find within these hidden places. These visions are in front, behind me; wrapped round my wrists, your furlongs draw me, Lady Wisdom. You whisper dreams a world beyond the highest firmament. Yet unprepared though is my mind for images, a wondrous sky omniscient, revealed by you, O Lady Wisdom.

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I didn't know that Id discover these jewels in this darkest forest, inside the epicenter of this storm, I quietly hover and carried on this meditative quest; Your Gift of Peace, O Lady Wisdom. Its on the edges of my frame, you hail me in your womb. The fear, intensity of pain subsides, as you cocoon me in these silent depths of Wisdom. The direction of integration for the 4w5 is simultaneously picking up the positive aspects of 17-5-8-2-4 and 2-8-5-7-1-4 for the 4 and for the 5 wing the path is picking up the positive aspects of: 8-2-4-1-7-5 and 7-1-4-2-8-5. (See diagram 1) I will follow the integration of just the 4 here first. An integrating 4 will pick up the positive aspects of the 1(positive corrective parent ego state), calming turbulent emotions through gaining discernment and clarity, realizing that a child is not to blame for their parents inadequate or abusive behavior as well as connecting with the positive aspects of 2 (positive nurturing parent ego state) warmth and compassion for the inner child. Imagine loving parents warning the child against danger and prepared to discipline that child in love and compassion, i.e. the compassionate inner Father figure. (See poem Guardians of my Heart). Guardians of My Heart A rider in the night upon his horse so white, with manes ablaze and in his eyes, the fire of light. he hastens to the glen and takes his place amongst the rows of knights. his breath a breeze of blessing. their spirits now awaken and as they form a round, the wounded child is placed inside the centre, on the ground. her tears are wept, her open hands receive the breath, the blessing. the pain endured, she smiles and sends the sun awarming in the heavens. The seeds of love are strewn, the rain in droplets form a silver curtain. The mandolin is taken from the tree and from within a song is welling up inside of me Thus archetypally balanced, empowered, with positive parental figures inside, reassured and curious to find out more, it is safe for the 4 to explore the next step: picking up positive aspects of the 7 (positive inner free child and positive relaxed parent) i.e. sense of humour at ones own human condition and that of others and ability to experience the present, in effect joy and playfulness which have nothing to do with external circumstances but with the sheer joy of being alive! Picking up the positive aspects of the 8 (positive powerful protective parent as well as positive powerful and creative child) i.e. empowerment to have an effect and a place in the world. Imagine a strong lioness with her lion cub playing beside her. (See poem Dolphins Mysticism).

Dolphins Mysticism

14.06.03

Here in the Sanctuary, your gentle Silence overwhelms my ears. My thirst is quenched, my yearning for connection stilled, cancelled fears. Faint smile as I hear read out egos obituary. Vanity is All, and All is Vanity. Unencumbered by lifes ropes, which tie me down to this old life, I stand thus freed from angsts and hopes. Liberty is Nothing, and Nothing is Liberty. The faint smile round my lips, becomes a broader grin. Your sense of Humour, tickling my sides. I can no longer hold it in, shaking diaphragm, heaving ribs. How glorious it is to take the piss out of ones own importance. Your Being safely sheltering though, the sensitive, tender Essence. Ego reduced to rags yet, o what raucous bliss! And as I wipe the teardrops of laughter from my cheeks, I chance a look at others, teachers, heads of schools, the geeks, the priests, the ministers, judges and cops. A sadness still laced with merriment now fills my soul, for I just want to play! Yet all of us are stuck in roles (rolls), sandwiched between false layers of elevation/basement. Priesthood of all the peoples, No clerical collars, no lay. No inequality of gender, colour, race or status. For Gods sake, we were born to play in Harmony, Equality, Unity, respecting Dignity of Difference of all the peoples. PS: If Im okay and youre okay, then Im an ass and youre an ass. Lets revel in the wisdom of Gods folly. The next step is that both strands come together in 5! This point is a resting place for the next steps ahead. More about that later. The following step is interesting because it is here that the dilemma of the integrating 4 parent is resolved. The dilemma between justice and mercy. Imagine the following scene in a school: A teacher (4) with 2 children. One is a bully/persecutor and has been verbally abusive to another child who is the victim. Having experienced positive corrective parenting at 1 and positive nurturing love at 2, the adult can now also be positively corrective and nurturing to other children and deal with the situation in an emotionally literate way. Each child gets time to tell their story individually with the teacher, is listened to and understood, both are listened to without judgment and with an open mind. At the end the teacher tells the victim that he/she does not need to have to put up with being verbally abused and that the bully will have to make up for such behavior. Then the bully is listened to and we do know that most bullies have often been victims them-

selves, the teacher is compassionate towards the child and points out that the strategies the bully uses are harmful to others as well as him/herself and asks the child if there is another way for getting what they need. (If for example domestic abuse at home is unearthed, further action can be taken involving the child protection officer in the school). However if the bully just had a bad day, he/she is now ready to

Life is not always that ideal though but it illustrates emotional literacy where the dilemma between meting out justice with mercy in a positive way becomes possible!
look at how he/she has harmed him/herself as well as the other and what the bully would like to do to put things right what was harmful. If successful so far, both children can be brought in together and the bully can feel empathy for the victim, and can apologize. The victim will feel that their dignity has been restored and under the guidance of the teacher both children may work out a plan to put right what went wrong. This has been a real situation and the children in question have become friends. Life is not always that ideal though but it illustrates emotional literacy where the dilemma between meting out justice with mercy in a positive way becomes possible! After that the 4 moves to their own home point of 4 but now empowered with all the aspects of the other points feeling solid inside with a clear identity and effective in the world outside. The 5wing experiences a similar process but in slightly different order accessing the same combinations though. The integrating 5 experiences at 8 authoritative, decisive and effective ways of dealing with a situation (positive effective parent) as well as at 7 a humorous sideway glance at the human condition including their own foibles and those of others (positive free child). Thus empowered the 5 is ready to explore their feelings at 2 and their thoughts become focused at 1. The next step is the resting place for the 5 which is of course the 4! More about that later. The step after that is where the dilemma between wanting to flee (7) and needing to deal with a situation combatively (8) is resolved. The 5 repeats the healthy way he/she was treated by the positive inner parent with others. And the next step brings the 5 back to their home point but now empowered with all the aspects of the other points. The dilemma each personality faces has to do with the fight/flight response in the amygdala of our brain, the immediate survival instinct of the mammal. The 5 classically demonstrates that, but there are other permutations as we have seen with the 4 for example and then we havent even begun to look at instinctual variants and stackings, but there is much material about this on the web and in books and is not the focus of this article. What > > >

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we do know is that Evolution has given us thus other ways of dealing with situations than just this instinctual and dualistic reaction. Imbalance of the patriarchal Enneagram Having followed the journey thus far, you may well have noticed that nowhere along this integrating path, the 4w5 touches the positive aspects of 3, 6 and 9? Neither does the 5w4 or the 1w2 or 2w1, or the 7w8 or 8w7.Yet in an integrating person, all human positive aspects are accessed and the mediating powers of the 9, the positive action of the 3, the loyalty of the 6 and are all accessed. And how can the 3, 6, 9 triangle in the middle of the Enneagram ever access the positive aspects of all the other points? How can this be solved? In a patriarchal society (a society where men are looked upon as the ones in power), the masculine is expressed in the original Enneagram (see the 3-6-9 triangle) but is not balanced by the feminine. Why do I call this the masculine triangle? In symbolism a triangle with the point at the top (the phallic blade), is called the masculine triangle. Now lets take a look at the original Enneagram and we see that the masculine is perfectly represented by the 3.6.9. triangle, but the feminine (the inverted triangle with the point at the bottom representing the womb) is not expressed! Can we stay within the circle to express the feminine? Im afraid we have to think outside the circle so to speak. As you can see on the picture, I have drawn a feminine triangle using 2 and 7 as the top line and coming together in point 11. (See diagram 2).

Sophia, Schechina, Ekklesia 9.8.01 The system wishes to maintain the status quo: The woman either demonized just like a whore, or lifted high like some eternal goddess. Madonna, Virgin Mother Earth, reigning the cosmos. Why do we choose to follow a system patriarchal in which half of humanity cannot be equal? In which she's either lifted up as some virginal Madonna, or treated like some sinful seductress, Eva? Church fathers, did you not understand God's call that women and men are equal? Not able to withstand the power and the flattery, the illusion of idolatrous male superiority? O how the patriarchs were deceived by powers, principalities: "Open your eyes, descend your ridiculous thrones, dressed in adulterous clothes unable to throw stones!" "Ashamed, stand now in remorse, humility. accept the other half of God in all equality. Wisdom will then be flesh in Lady Sophia. The Strength of female/male combined in Lady Ekklesia." Balancing the masculine triangle with the feminine as described above, the feminine bottom point 11 is outside the patriarchal circle and forms the first connection point between 4 and 5.So no longer a gap between 4 and 5 and no longer the base of the feminine triangle missing! We have a kind of Star of David/ Solomons Seal. Not quite the same as the feminine triangle is slightly bigger here depicting not the domination of the feminine over the masculine but providing solidity and compassionate bigheartedness. One could say that the universe has given humanity a big and compassionate heart of mercy perfectly in balance with a sharp focused blade point 9 of justice embedded in mercy. In order to function, we need to be in balance. I think that on a deep archetypal collective subconscious level, we have known this all along but have not known what to do about it. Yes, patriarchy has given us much and humanity has been able to develop new technologies and wealth. However the picture is very unequal and out of balance. Slums and deprivation right next door to wealth and development. So here I would like to put the following: "Patriarchy has allowed us to develop many technologies and combat diseases and has created a very good standard of living in the West at least, but the picture is not in balance across the globe and clearly wealth and health is not evenly distributed. As our world is getting smaller through travel and the availability of the internet, globalization is taking place and we have become aware how interconnected we all are and how decisions and policies taken in one country affect all countries in the world in varying degrees." When 9/11 occurred, a deeply psychological change in the way we had perceived the world so far became obvious. Strangely enough, I wrote a poem about such an event nearly 2 years before it happened. (See poem Ripples).

Ripples 2.11.99 Ripples shudder through cloud scrapers in the sky as angry looking tower blocks are torn apart by shifting dust in heaven and earth Stars from a diffrent world shoot through the gaps between the conscious reality and the unconscious, Gods word of powerful Grace: "Stand firm and strong and youll defeat the enemy, tear down the curtain of deception. Beyond it lies the truth and your redemption." The universes alive Gods heartbeat booms through the earths crust. His holy fire touching our human hearts. Gods messengers empower our broken, frail humanity. Her wisdom in this latest hour throws light upon an ever darkening morality Just as the enemy seems to have taken this earth within its menacing grip, Theternal compassion of God rebirths the singed snake in the abyss. The enemy is not a person but deception.. The drive to make the archetypal feminine manifest again is obvious since the Gnostic books at Nag Hammedi were found in 1945 interestingly at the end of the Second World War challenging orthodox Christian patriarchal and dualistic thinking. "The archetypal feminine may not be blatantly obvious in the way our countries are governed as such, but there is a process going on underneath the "ground" as it were, which is also symbolically expressed in diagram 2. Manifestations of that process are the rise of powerful women like Pelosi and Hilary Clinton, Condoleezza Rice to name a few in todays world, but the roots go back further in history with the Suffragettes who fought for womens right to vote during the first World War ( see Wikipedia for more info) which was also the beginning of the rise of feminism. What is more important here is the underlying spiritual theme of the equality between the feminine and masculine forces in nature and by bringing them together in Balance, resulting in the birth of Creativity and possibility for Transformation of this defunct and destructive system and dealing with the consequences of such a system. How? By harnessing those powers and systems within a greater and more expansive framework of compassion for all the peoples and nations, for the care of the animals and plants that inhabit our world, encouraging diversity. > > > In short a holistic way forward.

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Diagram 2

This is outside the patriarchal circle of the Enneagram. We know that each person is made up out of equal strands of the fathers DNA and the Mothers DNA. Yet here we have an Enneagram only expressing a "lonely" masculine symbol and not a feminine one. For thousands of years we have accepted the fact that a patriarchal society is the way the world is, but it runs counter to the basic equality of feminine and masculine expressed in nature in the very building blocks we are made out of, our DNA. So something is quite amiss here. (See poem Sophia). By drawing number 11, the intuitive feeling that the symbol of the Enneagram was vaguely familiar when I had when I first come across it and was attracted to, became clear. Here was the symbol of the harmony and equality in power between feminine and masculine, the seal of the wise king Solomon (Solomons seal or otherwise called the Star of David see symbol) who knew how to judge situations well.

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Now it would be utterly foolish to replace patriarchy with matriarchy, a "lonely" feminine triangle where women rule with an iron rod over humanity mirroring the imbalance of patriarchy. We do not have to look back too far in British history to find two powerful females. "Both queen Victoria and Margaret Thatcher are examples of women who made it to the top in a male world. On one level they can be congratulated that they were able to do so, but on a much deeper level they merely swapped one system of imbalance with another and were therefore still bound by the same problems patriarchy presents us with today." Let me now examine how that is expressed with the Enneagram in mind." The trap of point 11 is to bring about female dominance, mirroring the drama triangle of the persecutor, the rescuer and the victim. Without the masculine triangle to give the feminine triangle the sharp blade of justice, it would fall in the trap of perpetuating round and round the feminine drama triangle, dishing out negative and unwanted nurturing and hysteria at 2 (rescuer), unhelpful panic reactions at 7(victim) and matriarchal dominance at 11(persecutor). It is naively believed that all women are the nurturers of society and nurturers of children in a family. Linda Crockett in her book "The Deepest Wound How a journey to El Salvador led to Healing from Mother-Daughter Incest" reveals that that belief is not valid and that women are capable of hurting their own children, be the set up patriarchal or matriarchal. (See poem Medusa). Medusa 2.11.02

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She rides the ancient female wisdom vortices of underworld winds, and whispers secret longings in your ear. She draws, seduces victims to her lair, the complex weavings of her serpentine hair. Bruised and abused, rejected daughters of mad, masturbating mothers, she promises to hold you in her welcom ing arms. To soothe your brow, fulfill legitimate, infantile needs, silencing alarm bells you might possibly heed. Her soft voice of honey sucks you in. The Needy Saviour lures her prey: Welcome to the Medusa Family! Before you know, you're hopelessly entangled in her dreadlock hair, where you and her begin and finish, just a mixed up blur Whilst balancing the feminine and the masculine deals with bringing the archetypal forces of nature in Balance, there still needs to be a re-birthing place for singed and deceived humanity, where it can be healed, be renewed, take heart and be transformed. Here we need to bring the lines from 1 and 8 which come together in point 12 which is another connection point between 4 and 5 deeply inside the "Universe" so to speak. It is at this place at the strong ego points of 1and 8 that the ego can be released in meditation on its way down to the void, the abyss, through the dark night of the soul and a re-birthing place is created in point 12 where neurotransmitters within the brain are balanced in meditation and the divine is touched. (See diagram 3).

Diagram 3 The crown point 9, which so far was the only place where right and left brain met now has a focal point through the heart of the centre of the masculine triangle in point 10 through to the feminine point 11 and beyond in point 12 and becomes focused rather than scattered--the line from point 9 through to point 12 or one could say the corpus colosseum of the band of nerve cells connecting both hemispheres in the brain or the spine of the body of the human within the Enneagram symbol reaching further down into the Universe and coming to rest at the rebirthing place 12. Further more lines are drawn from the 3 to 6 axel downwards to end in point 12 too. The whole thing begins to look like a balloon depicting freedom from entrapment! :-). (See diagram 4).

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within the patriarchal Enneagram circle. We could call this the personal level. Having arrived there though, the connecting points of 11 and 12 become "visible". One could say that the second circle incorporating the archetypal feminine point 11 is the archetypal level. The third encompassing circle we could now call the transcendental level which includes the original patriarchal Enneagram, the archetypal as well as the transcendental. From this transcendental point each person becomes not only personally empowered but also archetypally balanced and able to transcend the whole and see things as they really are from above so to speak! For the 4w5 as well as for any other Enneagram types the realization that they are complete individuals who have all resources necessary for a fulfilled life right inside of them is utter bliss and brings so much joy! ( It is at this point that all Enneagram points can access the positive aspects of the masculine triangle 3-6-9 in the patriarchal Enneagram and vice versa the masculine triangle is connected to all the other points and can access all the positive aspects of points 1,2,4,5,7,8. Each Enneagram point now has access to point 11 and 12 where they can experience new birth. (See diagram 5 and See poem The Valley of Time). The Valley of Time 14.9.98 Were here but for a while, to dance, to sing, to love in style. To worship Life and walk the mile upon lifes road with sheer abandonment, surrendered hearts to suffring and enjoyment. A baby born, a newling at the start, with open eyes and open heart. No boundaries, no barriers apart. She is the world, the world is her. No evil, good, no power. Sweet child now as you yearn to find out more, so much to learn. this is your life, this is your turn to touch the light, the stars, the moon, theternal sky. The worlds in tune. And as you dance this greatest symphony, from heaven to earth now flows the energy. Your earthly body tasting Eternity. This planetarian valley of hourly time is but a part of life, a taste of bread and wine. We build a wall, defend the woundedness inside. we think were safe, and we can hide that deepest part, our essence opened wide Your healing water gushes like a river over this war torn, broken heart I shiver The fires out, the phoenix is in flight and leaves behind the darkness of the night, faces the sunshine and the light of truth and peace within, integrity. heaven and earth in harmony Both 4w5 and 5w4 were already aware of connecting point 11 when they came to a point of rest whilst their connecting lines or strands crossed over. For the 4 they cross over in 5, and for the 5 they cross over in 4. (See The DNA spiral staircase of Integration and Disintegration). > > >

11

12

Diagram 4

Around the bottom half of the evolved Enneagram I have put a circle and depicting the depth of the feminine connected to the heart center of the masculine triangle then one around the whole balloon to encircle the whole depicting the Universe. (See photo diagram 5) Evolutionary transformation Having "arrived" after integration at the home point of 4w5 again after going round the clock so to speak, personal issues for the 4w5 become resolved

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As we have seen the 2 and 7 can drop down to 11 and from there to 12, the 1 and 8 can drop down to 12 directly passing points 4 and 5 on the way. The 3 and 6 can drop down the connecting lines to 12 and the 9 drops down the spine through point 10 to 11 and then 12. I will come back to point 10 in a moment. Looking at the whole picture now we have the Balance between the feminine and the masculine restored and a place of rebirth for humanity to be healed and renewed. The temptation of point 12 is that it becomes a place where all the evolved Enneagram points would like to stay, a wonderful womb. But as we all know, after healing has taken place it is vital to move on with our lives and put into action all that we have learned on the way. This literally "gives birth" to creative thinking and approaches problems and difficulties from a transcendental perspective. Weltschmerz 24.4.02 World ruled by dollar driven greed, polluters of this Universe and Earth, intending to preserve the present situation! Bird brained white men in suits who do not heed th' increasing cries of Mother Earth, intending to preserve the rule of exploitation. The tears of the abused, their hungry need for human dignity now drench the earth, intending to be seen, yet only fuelling the indignation of arrogant suits, who march on to feed pot-bellied stomachs; plund'ring the Earth their main concern, their main attraction. One day those tears will speak and lead survivors to dry this sodden Earth; Balance and Harmony healing the Nations. So from point 12 there is an upward thrust to point 10.Now imagine a vertical axel through point 10. Then all evolved Enneagram points can move onto this axel and from there back to their home points three-dimensionally forming an inter-

esting looking star or could we say the birth of a new star, the birth of a new paradigm for humanity. Not too difficult to grasp that it is quite possible that the material flowed from the spiritual and not the other way round.Putting it in scientific terms, disputes between scientists who try to find the one unifying item to bring together a theory that explains everything perhaps need to be aware that the dualism i.e. macrophysics and quantum physics they seem to be observing is actually due to the fact that that dualism stems from their own mind. If their minds were in tune they may realize that there is no separation between the two and that whilst observing data, are themselves being observed by a self aware universe. Looking at diagram 6 of the triads, the picture alludes to point 10 and 11 but not to point 12. Drawing the lines of the triads to the top of point 9, from the base of point 12, we get the figure of a kite, more evidence of freedom!

of peoples, races etc.interpersonally. Intrapsychically and archetypally this will mean the co-operation between our instincts (our primitive drives in our reptilian brain and our neo-cortex, mediated by our limbic system. Spiritually as union with our surroundings and realization that we are all "stardust" made of the same stuff. The Village 4.3.05 The fences round the world of innocence, are but man-made and form a prison in which its people are caged by oath alone. Split off from growth, change and reality. Breaking a path out of the village into real life where kindness, cruelty is just as much part of the human condition. The healing power lies within and breaking forth into new territory. So fearlessly step forth and break new ground, always alert yet never with a heart of cowardice. With courage embrace what Life brings from deep rich pools within and outer beauty. Do not fear man, yet beware of hearts deception. True innocence is not unwise, it harkens the dark within, without. Yet does not fear it, boldly embraces what lies ahead. Reaching out it grabs Lachaim (Life) with both hands. Explore the lands before you, enlarge the heart, incorporate new worlds. So one day you may encircle strange new cultures, discover theyre just the hidden parts of you. And as you love, the world lies at your feet. Olga Allen Copyright

12

Diagram 6

"Concluding, the evolved and transformed Enneagram portrays the common sense of Balance and Equality between the genders, different groups

the Enneagram in France

Fabien & Patricia Chabreuil Paris 2007
Ennagramme : Pardon 10-11, Mar. Ennagramme : Bases 17-18, Mar. Ennagramme : Communication 24-25, Mar. Ennagramme : Spirale Dynamique (corrlations) 02 Apr. Ennagramme : Centres 28.-29, Apr. Ennagramme : Eveil 5-6, May Ennagramme : Bases 12-13, May Ennagramme : Dtermination 19-20, May

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