DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS OF FLUID MECHANICS12 Name(s) Alfv en, K arm an Bond Boussinesq Brinkman Capillary Carnot Cauchy, Hooke

Chandrasekhar Clausius Cowling Crispation Dean [Drag coecient] Eckert Ekman Euler Froude GayLussac Grashof [Hall coecient] Symbol Al, Ka Bd B Br Cp Ca Cy, Hk Ch Cl C Cr D CD E Ek Eu Fr Ga Gr CH Denition VA /V ( )L2 g/ V /(2gR)1/2 V 2 /k T V / (T2 T1 )/T2 V 2 / = M2 B 2 L2 / LV 3 /k T (VA /V )2 = Al2 /L D3/2 V / (2r)1/2 ( )Lg/ V2 V 2 /cp T (/2L2 )1/2 = (Ro/Re)1/2 p/V 2 V /(gL)1/2 V /N L 1/ T gL3 T / 2 /rL Signicance *(Magnetic force/ inertial force)1/2 Gravitational force/ surface tension (Inertial force/ gravitational force)1/2 Viscous heat/conducted heat Viscous force/surface tension Theoretical Carnot cycle eciency Inertial force/ compressibility force Magnetic force/dissipative forces Kinetic energy ow rate/heat conduction rate Magnetic force/inertial force Eect of diusion/eect of surface tension Transverse ow due to curvature/longitudinal ow Drag force/inertial force Kinetic energy/change in thermal energy (Viscous force/Coriolis force)1/2 Pressure drop due to friction/ dynamic pressure (Inertial force/gravitational or buoyancy force)1/2 Inverse of relative change in volume during heating Buoyancy force/viscous force Gyrofrequency/ collision frequency

*() Also dened as the inverse (square) of the quantity shown.

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Name(s) Hartmann Knudsen Lewis Lorentz Lundquist Mach Magnetic Mach Magnetic Reynolds Newton Nusselt P eclet Poisseuille Prandtl Rayleigh Reynolds Richardson Rossby Schmidt Stanton Stefan Stokes Strouhal Taylor

Symbol H Kn Le Lo Lu M Mm Rm Nt N Pe Po Pr Ra Re Ri Ro Sc St Sf S Sr Ta

Denition BL/( ) = (Rm Re C)1/2 /L /D V /c 0 LVA / = Al Rm V /CS V /VA = Al1 0 LV / F/L2 V 2 L/k LV / D2 p/LV / gH 3 T / LV / (N H/V )2 V /2L sin /D /cp V LT 3 /k /L2 f f L/V (2L2 / )2 R1/2 (R)3/2 (/ ) cp V / T 3 LV 2 /
1/2

Signicance (Magnetic force/ dissipative force)1/2 Hydrodynamic time/ collision time *Thermal conduction/molecular diusion Magnitude of relativistic eects J B force/resistive magnetic diusion force Magnitude of compressibility eects (Inertial force/magnetic force)1/2 Flow velocity/magnetic diusion velocity Imposed force/inertial force Total heat transfer/thermal conduction Heat convection/heat conduction Pressure force/viscous force Momentum diusion/ heat diusion Buoyancy force/diusion force Inertial force/viscous force Buoyancy eects/ vertical shear eects Inertial force/Coriolis force Momentum diusion/ molecular diusion Thermal conduction loss/ heat capacity Radiated heat/conducted heat Viscous damping rate/ vibration frequency Vibration speed/ow velocity Centrifugal force/viscous force (Centrifugal force/ viscous force)1/2 Convective heat transport/ radiative heat transport Inertial force/surface tension

Thring, Boltzmann Weber

Th, Bo W

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Nomenclature: B Cs , c cp D = 2R F f g H, L k = cp N = (g/H )1/2 R r rL T V VA = B/(0 )1/2 R, V, p, T Magnetic induction Speeds of sound, light Specic heat at constant pressure (units m2 s2 K1 ) Pipe diameter Imposed force Vibration frequency Gravitational acceleration Vertical, horizontal length scales Thermal conductivity (units kg m1 s2 ) BruntV ais al a frequency Radius of pipe or channel Radius of curvature of pipe or channel Larmor radius Temperature Characteristic ow velocity Alfv en speed T = T Newtons-law heat coecient, k x Volumetric expansion coecient, dV /V = dT Bulk modulus (units kg m1 s2 ) Imposed dierences in two radii, velocities, pressures, or temperatures Surface emissivity Electrical resistivity Thermal, molecular diusivities (units m2 s1 ) Latitude of point on earths surface Collisional mean free path Viscosity Permeability of free space Kinematic viscosity (units m2 s1 ) Mass density of uid medium Mass density of bubble, droplet, or moving object Surface tension (units kg s2 ) StefanBoltzmann constant Solid-body rotational angular velocity

, D = 0

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