Sternocleidomastoid muscle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle with nearby structures labeled, such as the triangles of the neck.
musculus sternocleidomastoideus Latin

Gray's

subject #111 390

Origin

manubrium sterni, medial portion of theclavicle

Insertion

mastoid process of the temporal bone,superior nuchal line

Artery

occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery

Nerve

motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus

Actions

Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side.

Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration.

In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid muscle (

/strnklidmstd/), also known

as sternomastoid and commonly abbreviated as SCM, is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, alon with the scalene muscles of the neck.
Contents
hide!

" #tymology $ %rigin and insertion & 'nnervation ( )ariations * +elations , -ultural significance . Additional images / +eferences

0 #xternal links

[edit]Etymology

It is iven the name sternocleidomastoid because it ori inates at the manubrium of the sternum (sterno-) and the clavicle (cleido-), and has an insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.
[edit]Origin

and insertion

!he sternocleidomastoid passes obli"uely across the side of the neck.

It is thick and narrow at its central part, but broader and thinner at either end.

!he medial or sternal head is a rounded fasciculus, tendinous in front, fleshy behind, which arises from the upper part of the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni, and is directed superiorly, laterally, and posteriorly.

!he lateral or clavicular head, composed of fleshy and aponeurotic fibers, arises from the superior border and anterior surface of the medial third of the clavicle# it is directed almost vertically upward.

!he two heads are separated from one another at their ori ins by a trian ular interval, but radually blend, below the middle of the neck, into a thick, rounded muscle which is inserted, by a stron tendon, into the lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border, and by a thin aponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. !he function of this muscle is to rotate the head to the opposite side or obli"uely rotate the head. It also flexes the neck.
[edit]Innervation

!he sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the ipsilateral accessory nerve. It supplies only motor fibres. !he cervical plexus supplies sensation, includin proprioception, via the dorsal primary rami of $% and $&.
[edit]Variations

!he sternocleidomastoid varies much in the extent of its ori in from the clavicle' in some cases the clavicular head may be as narrow as the sternal# in others it may be as much as (.) centimetres (&.* in) in breadth. When the clavicular ori in is broad, it is occasionally subdivided into several slips, separated by narrow intervals. +ore rarely, the ad,oinin mar ins of the sternocleidomastoid and trape-ius are in contact. !his would leave no posterior trian le. !he supraclavicularis muscle arises from the manubrium behind the sternocleidomastoid and passes behind the sternocleidomastoid to the upper surface of the clavicle.
[edit]Relations

!he sternocleidomastoid is within the investin fascia of the neck, alon with the trape-ius muscle, with which it shares its nerve supply (the accessory nerve). .nterior to sternocleidomastoid is the anterior trian le. /osterior to it is the posterior trian le.

+any important structures relate to the sternocleidomastoid, includin the common carotid artery, accessory nerve, and brachial plexus.
[edit]Cultural

significance

In !om Wolfe0s novel The Bonfire of the Vanities, 1arry 2ramer, 3ronx 4istrict .ttorney and one of the novel0s main prota onists, prides himself on his stron sternocleidomastoids which he 5fans out5 in front of women to help ive themselves a more masculine, tou h appearance. 6owever in the last chapter he is publicly described by his client +aria 7uskin as 5doin somethin weird with his neck5, which deeply wounds his e o. Its use here is possibly a dramatic device si nallin the len ths ambitious men mi ht o to, lookin after every ridiculous detail, in order to appear powerful.

$reature desi ners often include the sternocleidomastoid muscle in models of alien characters when they want them to seem attractive and familiar to human viewers due to the muscle0s uni"ueness as a mammalian feature. 58ven $9&/: has it, in the form of little pistons on his neck. Watch Star Trek' !he ood uys always have them, and the bad uys don0t. It0s a classic alien desi ner trick,5 notes biolo ist and 6ollywood anatomy consultant Stuart Sumida. ;<=

!he famous .r entinian comedy>musical roup 1es 1uthiers mention the sternocleidomastoid muscle in their son 58l ne ro "uiere bailar5. !he main actor (4aniel 7abinovich) is asked to move his sternocleidomastoid muscle as part of a dance class, but he erroneously interprets it as a pelvic> enital body part, and nervously covers himself with his arms. ;%=

[edit]Additional

images

+ylohyoid muscle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mylohyoid muscle

Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. Mylohyoid muscle colored in bright red.

1ront view of neck. 2Mylohyoideus labeled at right, second from top.3

Latin

musculus mylohyoideus

Gray's

subject #112 393

Origin

Mylohyoid line 2mandible3

Insertion

body of hyoid bone and median raphe

Artery

mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery

Nerve

mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve )&!

Actions

+aises oral cavity floor, elevateshyoid, elevates tongue, depressesmandible

!he mylohyoid muscle is a muscle runnin from the mandible to the hyoid bone, formin the floor of the oral cavity. It is named for its two attachments, with the prefix 5mylo5 comin from the ?reek word for 5molar5.;<= !hese muscles are mesodermal in ori in. !he mylohyoid muscle is derived from the first pharyn eal arch.
Contents
hide!

" 4tructure $ 'nnervation & Actions ( )ariations * Additional images , +eferences

. #xternal links

[edit]Structure

!he mylohyoid muscle is flat and trian ular, and is situated immediately above the anterior belly of the di astric muscle. It forms, with its fellow of the opposite side, a muscular floor for the cavity of the mouth. It arises from the whole len th of the mylohyoid line of the mandible, extendin from the symphysis in front to the last molar tooth behind. !he posterior fibers pass inferomedially to insert into the body of the hyoid bone. It thus belon s to the suprahyoid muscles. !he middle and anterior fibers are inserted into a median fibrous raph@ extendin from the symphysis menti to the hyoid bone, where they ,oint at an an le with the fibers of the opposite muscle. !his median raph@ is sometimes absent# the fibers of the two muscles are then continuous.
[edit]Innervation

.lon with the anterior belly of the di astric muscle, the mylohyoid muscle is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve, a division of the tri eminal nerve.
[edit]Actions

!he mylohyoid depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid, the floor of the oral cavity, and the ton ue. !his is particularly important durin swallowin and speakin .
[edit]Variations

It may be united to or replaced by the anterior belly of the di astric muscle# accessory slips to other hyoid muscles are fre"uent.
[edit]Additional

images

+andible. Inner surface. Side view.

6yoid bone. .nterior surface. 8nlar ed.

Superficial dissection of the ri ht side of the neck, showin the carotid and subclavian arteries.

!he arteries of the face and scalp.

4istribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary an lion.

Sa ittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx.

+usculi colli mylohyoideus

+ylohyoid muscle visible ri ht under ,aw==

/latysma muscle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Platysma is also a plant taxon synonym with Podochilus, an orchid genus.

Platysma muscle

5latysma is visible at bottom, in neck

Gray's

subject #110 387

Origin

subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions

Insertion

base of mandible6 skin of cheek and lower lip6 angle of mouth6 orbicularis oris

Artery

branches of the 4ubmental artery and4uprascapular artery

Nerve

cervical branch of the facial nerve 2-7 )''3

Actions

8raws the corners of the mouthinferiorly and widens it 2as in expressions of sadness and fright3. Also draws the skin of the necksuperiorly when teeth are clenched

!he platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.

It is a broad sheet arisin from the fascia coverin the upper parts of the pectoralis ma,or and deltoid# its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obli"uely upward and medially alon the side of the neck. !he anterior fibers interlace, below and behind the symphysis menti, with the fibers of the muscle of the opposite side# the posterior fibers cross the mandible, some bein inserted into the bone below the obli"ue line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. +any of these fibers blend with the muscles about the an le and lower part of the mouth. Sometimes fibers can be traced to the -y omaticus,;disambiguation needed
=

or to the mar in of

the orbicularis oculi. 3eneath the platysma, the external ,u ular vein descends from the an le of the mandible to the clavicle.
Contents
hide!

" )ariations $ 7erve & Actions ( #xternal links * Additional images , +eferences

. #xternal links

[edit]Variations

Aariations occur in the extension over the face and over the clavicle and shoulder# it may be absent or interdi itate with the muscle of the opposite side in front of the neck# attachment to clavicle, mastoid process or occipital bone occurs. . more or less independentfasciculus, the occipitalis minor, may extend from the fascia over the trape-ius to fascia over the insertion of the sternocleidomastoideus.
[edit]

erve

!he platysma is supplied by the Facial nerve ($B AII). ;<=

[edit]Actions

When the entire platysma is in action it produces a sli ht wrinklin of the surface of the skin of the neck in an obli"ue direction. Its anterior portion, the thickest part of the muscle, depresses the

lower ,aw# it also serves to draw down the lower lip and an le of the mouth in the expression of melancholy, i.e. rimacin .
[edit]E!ternal

lin"s

Platysma muscle at e+edicine 4ictionary images

[edit]Additional

+andible. :uter surface. Side view.

Aeins of the head and neck.

!he nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.

[edit]References

<.

# .natomy C /hysiolo y, Dth 8dition, +c?raw96ill $o., %**D.

[edit]E!ternal

lin"s

/revertebral muscles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prevertebral muscles

Transverse section of body. 5revertebral fascia labeled in purple.

The anterior vertebral muscles.

Origin

Insertion

Artery

Nerve

-"9-/

Actions

!he preverte$ral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e., thelon us capitis ;<= and lon us colli;<= muscles. It also includes the recti capitis anterior and lateralis.;%=
[edit]See

also

/revertebral space

[edit]References

<. %.

E a b kobil,ak.msu # http'>>www.dartmouth.edu>Fhumananatomy>partGD>chapterG)*.html

This musculoskeletal system article is a stub. You can help

ikipedia by e!pandin" it

/revertebral fascia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Prevertebral fascia

5revertebral fascia labeled in red, both according to older literature 2e.g. :ray;s3 and newer literature

"!

. 4ection of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. 4howing the arrangement of the fascia coli.

Latin

lamina pre#ertebralis $asciae cer#icalis

Gray's

subject #111 389

!he preverte$ral fascia (or preverte$ral layer of cervical fascia) is a fascia in the neck.
Contents
hide!

" )ariations $ Location & 4urrounding structures ( +eferences

* #xternal links

[edit]Variations

In some literature, the prevertebral fascia also includes the rest of the fascia extendin around the vertebral column and enclosin all muscles laterally and posteriorly to it;<=. 6owever, in this article, it is assumed to be as marked in picture.
[edit]%ocation

!he prevertebral fascia extends medially behind the carotid vessels, where it assists in formin their sheath, and passes in front of theprevertebral muscles. !he prevertebral fascia is fixed above to the base of the skull, and below it extends behind the esopha us into the posterior mediastinal cavity of the thorax. It descends in front of the lon us colli muscles. !he prevertebral fascia is prolon ed downward and laterally behind the carotid vessels and in front of the scaleni, and forms a sheath for the brachial nerves and subclavian vessels in the posterior trian le of the neck# it is continued under the clavicle as the axillary sheath and is attached to the deep surface of the coracoclavicular fascia.
[edit]Surrounding

structures

It forms the posterior limit of a fibrous compartment, which contains the larynx and trachea, the thyroid land, and the pharynx andesopha us. /arallel to the carotid sheath and alon its medial aspect the prevertebral fascia ives off a thin lamina, the buccopharyn eal fascia, which closely invests the constrictor muscles of the pharynx, and is continued forward from the constrictor pharyn is superior on to thebuccinator. !his is attached to the prevertebral layer by loose connective tissue only, and thus an easily distended space, theretropharyn eal space, is found between them. Immediately above and behind the clavicle an areolar space exists between the investin layer and the sheath of the subclavian vessels, and in this space are found the lower part of the external ,u ular

vein, the descendin clavicular nerves, the transverse scapular and transverse cervical vessels, and the inferior belly of the :mohyoideus muscle. !his space is limited below by the fusion of the coracoclavicular fascia with the anterior wall of the axillary sheath.
[edit]References

<.

E a b 8ssential $linical .natomy. 2.1. +oore C ..+. . ur. 1ippincott, % ed. %**%.

1on us capitis muscle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(7edirected from 1on us capitis)

Longus capitis muscle

The anterior vertebral muscles.

Latin

musculus lon"us capitis

Gray's

subject #113 39%

Origin

anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebr<

Insertion

basilar part of the occipital bone

Artery

Nerve

-"9-&=-(

Actions

flexion of neck at atlanto9occipital >oint

!he longus capitis muscle (rectus capitis anticus ma,or), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrH, and ascends, conver in toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. 1on us capitis has several actions' actin unilaterally, to' flex the head and neck laterally rotate the head ipsilaterally actin bilaterally, to flex the head and neck
[edit]Additional
;<=

images

:ccipital bone. :uter surface.

1eft temporal bone. :uter surface.

3ase of skull. Inferior surface.

[edit]References

<.

# http'>>www. pnotebook.co.uk>simplepa e.cfmII4J9<K(%LKK*)L

Scalene muscles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scalene muscles

The anterior vertebral muscles.

4ection of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. 4howing the arrangement of the fascia coli.

Origin

cervical vertebrae 2-''9-)''3

Insertion

first and second ribs

Artery

Ascending cervical artery 2branch of'nferior thyroid artery3

Nerve

cervical nerves 2-&9-,3

Actions

elevation of ribs '?''

!he scalene muscles (from ?reek MNOPQRST, or skalenos, meanin uneven;<=) are a roup of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. !hey are innervated by the spinal nerves $U9$L.
Contents
hide!

" %rigin and insertion $ 1unction & +elations ( +eferences * 4ee also

, Additional images

[edit]Origin

and insertion

!hey ori inate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of $% to $( and insert onto the first and second ribs. !hus they are called the lateral verte$ral muscles.;%=
[edit]&unction

!he action of the anterior and middle scalene muscles is to elevate the first rib and laterally flex the neck to the same side#;&= the action of the posterior scalene is to elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side. !hey also act as accessory muscles of inspiration, alon with the sternocleidomastoids.
[edit]Relations

!he scalene muscles have an important relationship to other structures in the neck. !he brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes. !he subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene as it crosses over the first rib. !he passin of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery throu h the space of the anterior and middle scalene muscles constitute the scalene hiatus (the term 5scalene fissure5 is also used). !he re ion in which this lies is referred to as the scaleotracheal fossa. It is bound by the clavicle inferior anteriorly, the trachea medially, posteriorly by the trape-ius, and anteriorly by the platysma muscle.
[edit]References

<. %. &.

# +osbyVs +edical, Bursin and .llied 6ealth 4ictionary, Fourth 8dition, +osby9Wear 3ook Inc., <KKU, p. <&K) # 6enry ?ray (<K<&). 5.natomy' 4escriptive and .pplied5. # 3uford X., Woder S+, 6eiss 4?, $hidley XA (:ct %**%). 5.ctions of the scalene muscles for rotation of the cervical spine in maca"ue and human5. ! "rthop Sports Phys Ther '( (<*)' UDDYKL. /+I4 <%U*&%**.

[edit]See

also

+uscles 1ist of muscles of the human body .ccessory muscles of respiration images

[edit]Additional

+usculi coli base

7ectus capitis posterior ma,or muscle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rectus capitis posterior major muscle

8eep muscles of the back. 2+ect. post. ma>or visible at upper left.3

Latin

musculus rectus capitis posterior major

Gray's

subject #11& '01

Origin

4pinous process of the axis 2-$3

Insertion

'nferior nucheal line of the occipital bone

Artery

Nerve

8orsal ramus of -" 2suboccipital nerve3

Actions

!he Rectus capitis posterior ma)or (7ectus capitis posticus ma,or) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becomin broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. In %*<<, Scali et al., reported a soft tissue connection brid in from the rectus capitis posterior ma,or to the cervical dura mater. Aarious clinical manifestations may be linked to this anatomical relationship (Spine %*<<). ;<= It has also been postulated that this connection serves as a monitor of dural tension alon with the rectus capitis posterior minor. .s the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a trian ular space, in which the 7ecti capitis posteriores minores are seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto9occipital ,oint.

Contents
hide!

" 4ee also $ Additional 'mages & 7otes

( #xternal links

[edit]See

also

atlanto9occipital ,oint 7ectus capitis lateralis 7ectus capitis posterior minor muscle 7ectus capitis anterior muscle

.ction' 8xtends and rotates head 3lood supply' Aertebral and occipital arteries Berve' Suboccipital
[edit]Additional

Images

:ccipital bone. :uter surface.

7ectus capitis pos

7ectus capitis posterior minor muscle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

8eep muscles of the back. 2+ect. post. minor labeled at top center.3

Latin

musculus rectus capitis posterior minor

Gray's

subject #11& '01

Origin

the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas

Insertion

the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum

Artery

Nerve

a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve

Actions

extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle

!he Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widenin as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen ma num, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura.

!he syner ists are the rectus capitus posterior ma,or and :bli"uus capitis. $onnective tissue brid es were noted at the atlanto9occipital ,unction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. Similar connective tissue connections of the rectus capitis posterior ma,or have been discovered recently as well;<=. !he perpendicular arran ement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. !he li amentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. .natomic structures innervated by cervical nerves $<9$& have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the ,oint complexes of the upper & cervical se ments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. !he dura9muscular, dura9li amentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiolo ic answers to the cause of the cervico enic headache. !his proposal would further explain manipulation0s efficacy in the treatment of cervico enic headache ;%=.

Contents
hide!

" 7otes $ 4ee also & Additional images

( #xternal links

[edit]

otes

<.

# .natomical $onnection 3etween the 7ectus $apitis /osterior +a,or and the 4ura +ater. Scali F, +arsili 8S, /ontell +8.http'>>,ournals.lww.com>spine,ournal>.bstract>publishahead>.natomicalG$onnectionG3etweenGtheG7ectusG$apitis.KK**L.aspx

%.

# ?ary 4. 6ack, /eter 7atiu, Xohn /. 2err, ?wendolyn F. 4unn, +i Woun !oh. 5Aisuali-ation of the +uscle94ural 3rid e in the Aisible 6uman Female 4ata Set5. The Visible #uman Pro$ect, %ational &ibrary of 'edicine.

[edit]See

also

atlanto9occipital ,oint 7ectus capitis lateralis 7ectus capitis posterior ma,or muscle 7ectus capitis anterior muscle

[edit]Additional

images

1on us capitis muscle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Longus capitis muscle

The anterior vertebral muscles.

Latin

musculus lon"us capitis

Gray's

subject #113 39%

Origin

anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebr<

Insertion

basilar part of the occipital bone

Artery

Nerve

-"9-&=-(

Actions

flexion of neck at atlanto9occipital >oint

!he longus capitis muscle (rectus capitis anticus ma,or), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrH, and ascends, conver in toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. 1on us capitis has several actions' actin unilaterally, to' flex the head and neck laterally rotate the head ipsilaterally actin bilaterally, to flex the head and neck
[edit]Additional
;<=

images

:ccipital bone. :uter surface.

1eft temporal bone. :uter surface.

3ase of skull. Inferior surface.

[edit]References

<.

# http'>>www. pnotebook.co.uk>simplepa e.cfmII4J9<K(

:bli"uus capitis inferior muscle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Obliquus capitis inferior muscle

8eep muscles of the back. 2%bli@. infer. labeled at upper left.3

Latin

musculus obli(uus capitis in$erior

Gray's

subject #11& '02

Origin

spinous process of the axis

Insertion

lateral mass of atlas

Artery

Nerve

suboccipital nerve

Actions

!he o$li*uus capitis inferior muscle is the lar er of the two obli"ue muscles of the neck. It arises from the apex of the spinous processof the axis and passes laterally and sli htly upward, to be inserted into the lower and back part of the transverse process of the atlas. It lies deep to the semispinalis capitis and trape-ius muscles. !he muscle is responsible for rotation of the head and first cervical vertebra (atlanto9axial ,oint). It forms the lower boundary of the suboccipital trian le of the neck. !he namin of this muscle may be confusin , as it is the only capitis (1. 5head5) muscle that does B:! attach to the cranium.
[edit]+roprioception

!he obli"uus capitis inferior muscle, like the other suboccipital muscles, has an important role in proprioception. !his muscle has a very hi h density of ?ol i or ans and muscle spindles which accounts for this. It is believed that proprioception may be the primary role of the inferior obli"ue (and indeed the other suboccipital muscles) allowin accurate positionin of the head on the neck.
[edit]Additional

Images

:bli"uus capitis inferior0s relationship to other suboccipital muscles.

[edit]E!ternal

lin"s

4i astric muscle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article does not cite any references or sources. 5lease help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Ansourced material may be challenged and removed. )*ctober 2011+

Digastric muscle

Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.

1ront view of neck.

Latin

musculus di"astricus

Gray's

subject #112 391

Origin

anterior belly 9 digastric fossa 2mandible36 posterior belly 9 mastoid process of temporal bone

Insertion

'ntermediate tendon 2hyoid bone3

Artery

anterior belly 9 4ubmental branch offacial artery6 posterior belly 9 occipital artery

Nerve

anterior belly 9 mandibular division2)&3 of the trigeminal 2-7 )3 via themylohyoid nerve6 posterior belly 9facial nerve 2-7 )''3

Actions

%pens the >aw when the masseterand the temporalis are relaxed.

!he digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the ,aw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belon s to thesuprahyoid muscles roup. . broad aponeurotic layer is iven off from the tendon of the di astricus on either side, to be attached to the body and reater cornu of thehyoid bone# this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis.
Contents
hide!

" 4tructure

o o o
$ Action & )ariations ( Triangles

"." 5osterior belly ".$ Anterior belly ".& 'ntermediate tendon

* Additional images

, #xternal links

[edit]Structure

!he di astricus (di astric muscle) consists of two fleshy bellies united by an intermediate rounded tendon. !he two bellies of the di astric muscle have different embryolo ical ori ins, and are supplied by different cranial nerves.

[edit]+osterior

$elly

!he posterior belly, lon er than the anterior belly, arises on the inferior surface of the skull, from the mastoid notch on the medial surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and a deep roove between the mastoid process and the styloid process called the di astric roove. !he posterior belly is supplied by the di astric branch of facial nerve. !he di astric muscle stretches between the mastoid process of the cranium to the mandible at the chin, and part9way between, it becomes a tendon which passes throu h a tendinous pulley attached to the hyoid bone. It ori inates from the second pharyn eal arch.
[edit]Anterior

$elly

!he anterior belly arises from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the symphysis, and passes downward and backward. !he anterior body is supplied by the tri eminal via the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a branch of themandibular division of the tri eminal nerve. It ori inates from the first pharyn eal arch.
[edit]Intermediate

tendon

!he two bellies end in an intermediate tendon which perforates the Stylohyoideus muscle, and is held in connection with the side of the body and the reater cornu of the hyoid bone by a fibrous loop, which is sometimes lined by a mucous sheath.
[edit]Action

When the di astric muscle contracts, it acts to elevate the hyoid bone. If the hyoid is bein held in place (by the infrahyoid muscles), it will tend to depress the mandible (open the mouth).
[edit]Variations

Aariations are numerous. !he posterior belly may arise partly or entirely from the styloid process, or be connected by a slip to the middle or inferior constrictor# the anterior belly may be double or extra slips from this belly may pass to the ,aw or +ylohyoideus or decussate with a similar slip on opposite side# anterior belly may be absent and posterior belly inserted into the middle of the ,aw or hyoid bone. !he tendon may pass in front, more rarely behind the Stylohoideus. !he +entohyoideus muscle passes from the body of hyoid bone to chin.

.nterior view of di astric muscle

[edit],riangles

!he 4i astricus divides the anterior trian le of the neck into three smaller trian les.

(<) the submandibular trian le(also called 4i astric !rian le), bounded above by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and a line drawn from its an le to the Sternocleidomastoideus, below by the posterior belly of the 4i astricus and the Stylohyoideus, in front by the anterior belly of the 4ia astricus#

(%) the carotid trian le, bounded above by the posterior belly of the 4i astricus and Stylohyoideus, behind by theSternocleidomastoideus, below by the :mohyoideus#

(&) the suprahyoid or submental trian le, bounded laterally by the anterior belly of the 4i astricus, medially by the middle line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the symphysis menti, and inferiorly by the body of the hyoid bone.

[edit]Additional

images

+andible. Inner surface. Side view.

6yoid bone. .nterior surface. 8nlar ed.

3ase of skull. Inferior surface.

Superficial dissection of the ri ht side of the neck, showin the carotid and subclavian arteries.

!he trian les of the neck.

!he veins of the neck, viewed from in front.

4istribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary an lion.

[edit]E!ternal

lin"s

Stylohyoid muscle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stylohyoid

The stylohyoid among the triangles of the neck.

Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. 4tylohyoid muscle in purple

Latin

musculus stylohyoideus

Gray's

subject #112 392

Origin

styloid process 2temporal3

Insertion

greater cornu of hyoid bone

Artery

Nerve

facial nerve 2-7 )''3

Actions

#levate the hyoid during swallowing

!he stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lyin anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the di astric muscle. It shares this muscle0s innervation by the facial nerve, and functions to draw the hyoid bone backwards and elevate the ton ue.
Contents
hide!

" %rigin and insertion $ )ariations & Additional images ( 4ee also

* #xternal links

[edit]Origin

and insertion

It arises from the posterior and lateral surface of the styloid process of the temporal bone, near the base# and, passin inferior and anterior, is inserted into the body of the hyoid bone, at its ,unction with the reater cornu, and ,ust superior the omohyoid muscle. It thus belon s to the roup of suprahyoid muscles. It is perforated, near its insertion, by the intermediate tendon of the di astric muscle.
[edit]Variations

It may be absent or doubled, lie beneath the carotid artery, or be inserted into the omohyoid, or mylohyoid muscles.

[edit]Additional

images

1eft temporal bone. :uter surface.

6yoid bone. .nterior surface. 8nlar ed.

Superficial dissection of the ri ht side of the neck, showin the carotid and subclavian arteries.

8xtrinsic muscles of the ton ue. 1eft side.

[edit]See

also

:mohyoid muscle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Omohyoid muscle

4ide of neck, showing chief surface markings. 2%mohyoid visible at center.3

Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. %mohyoid is labeled on both sides.

Latin

musculus omohyoideus

Gray's

subject #112 392

Origin

Apper border of the scapula

Insertion

Byoid bone

Artery

Nerve

Ansa cervicalis 2-"9-&3

Actions

8epresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Also carries hyoid bone backward and to the side.

!he omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belon s to the roup of infrahyoid muscles. Its name derives from the ?reek 5omos5 meanin shoulder, ivin one of its attachments, and 5hyoid5, ivin the other attachment 9 the hyoid bone.
Contents
hide!

" 4tructure $ Triangles & )ariations ( 'nnervation * Additional images

, #xternal links

[edit]Structure

It arises from the upper border of the scapula, and occasionally from the superior transverse scapular li ament which crosses the scapular notch, its extent of attachment to the scapula varyin from a few millimetres to %.) cm. From this ori in, the inferior belly forms a flat, narrow fasciculus, which inclines forward and sli htly upward across the lower part of the neck, bein bound down to the clavicle by a fibrous expansion# it then passes behind the sternocleidomastoid, becomes tendinous and chan es its direction, formin an obtuse an le. It ends in the superior belly, which passes almost vertically upward, close to the lateral border of the sternohyoid, to be inserted into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone, lateral to the insertion of the sternohyoid. !he central tendon of this muscle varies much in len th and form, and is held in position by a process of the deep cervical fascia, which sheaths it, and is prolon ed down to be attached to the clavicle and first rib# it is by this means that the an ular form of the muscle is maintained.
[edit],riangles

!he inferior belly of the omohyoid divides the posterior trian le of the neck into an upper or occipital trian le and a lower or subclavian trian le. Its superior belly divides the anterior trian le into an upper or carotid trian le and a lower or muscular trian le. !he :mohyoid muscle is proximally attached to the scapula and distally attached to the hyoid bone.
[edit]Variations

4oublin # absence# ori in from clavicle# absence or doublin of either belly.

[edit]Innervation

!he omohyoid is innervated by a branch of the cervical plexus, the ansa cervicalis, and mostly acts to stabilise the hyoid bone. .lthou h the inferior belly of the omohyoid is innervated by branches of all three cervical rami ($<9$&) that make up the ansa cervicalis, the superior belly is innervated by the superior root of ansa cervicalis which contains only fibers from the first cervical spinal nerves ($<).
[edit]Additional

images

6yoid bone. .nterior surface. 8nlar ed.

1eft scapula. 4orsal surface.

Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. Showin the arran ement of the fascia coli.

+uscles of the neck. 1ateral view.

Superficial dissection of the ri ht side of the neck, showin the carotid and subclavian arteries.

!he veins of the neck, viewed from in front.

6ypo lossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.

!he ri ht brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front.

+usculi colli omohyoideus