CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE

1.
1 kg 1 kg
A B

F H
E G

Figure 5(i) Figure 5 (ii)

Diagrams 5(i) and 5 (ii) show two hydraulic jacks being used to lift loads A and B with masses 1
kg each. The surface areas of pistons E and F are 0.2 cm 2 and 0.4 cm 2 respectively, while the
surface areas of piston G and H are 0.2 cm 2 and 0.8 cm 2 . When a force is exerted on pistons E
and G, pressure will be exerted to the liquids in the jacks.

a) What is meant by pressure ?

( 1 mark )
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ii) State two similarities that can be obtained from both diagrams.

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b) (i) What is the principal applied by the jack system?

...................................................................................................................... ( 1 mark )

ii) If a force of 2 N is applied to piston E,it will produce a pressure of 40

Nm −2 .
Calculate the force needed to lift the load B if the same pressure is
applied.

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…………………………………………………………………………………….. (3 marks)
2.

Photograph A Photograph B

Photographs A and B show a boy pressing a thumbtack and a coin into a

desk with the same amount of force .

a) He found that it is easier to press the thumbtack compared to the coin.

Explain ,why?

………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark )

b) State a conclusion based on your answer in (a).

…………………………………………………………………………………… ( 2 marks)
c) The area of the coin is 3.14 x 10 −4 m 2 . Calculate the pressure exerted by the
coin ,if the force applied by the boy is 5 N.

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………………………………………………………………………………( 2 marks )

d) Explain why a bulldozer uses broad tyres

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( 2 marks)

3. Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two dams with different shapes.

DIAGRAM 5.1 DIAGRAM 5.2

(a) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2

(i) Compare the dams in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.

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[1 mark]
 (ii) Compare the pressure at point A and point B in the lake.

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[1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on the answer in (a)(ii), which dam is stronger?

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[1 mark]
(ii) Explain the reasons for your answer in (b)(i).

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[ 2 marks ]
(c) Diagram 5.3 shows an apparatus used to remove water from a beaker to a
cylinder.

DIAGRAM 5.3
(i) Name the apparatus shown in diagram 5.3.

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[1 mark]
(ii) Give a reason why water flows from the beaker to the cylinder as shown
in Diagram 5.3.

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[1 mark]
(iii) In Diagram 5.4, mark the water level in the cylinder when water stops
flowing from the beaker to the cylinder.
[1 mark]

DIAGRAM 5.4
 4. Diagram 2 shows ping pong ball attached on a filter funnel when water flows from the
rubber hose of a water pipe.

DIAGRAM 2

(a) Mark all the forces acting on the ping pong ball in diagram 2.1.

[2 marks]
(b) What is the principle involved in the situation above.

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[1 mark]
(c) Explain what will happen if the ping pong ball is replaced with a rubber
ball of the same size?

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[2 marks]
5. A fisherman finds that his boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river, although the boat
carries the same load. The density of sea water and river water is 1025 kg m-3 and 1000 kg m-3
respectively.
In the sea In the river

DIAGRAM 5.1

DIAGRAM 5.2

Diagram 5.1 and

Diagram 5.2 illustrate the
situation of the boat in the sea
and in the river.
(a) What is meant
by density?
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…..
[1 mark]

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 :

(i) Compare the level of the boat in the sea water and in the river water.

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 [1 mark]

(ii) Compare the volume of water displaced by the boat in the sea and in the river

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[1 mark]

(iii) Compare the density of sea water and river water.

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[1 mark]

(c) (i) Relate the volume of water displaced to the density of water.

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[1 mark]

(ii) Deduce relationship between weight of the boat and the weight of the water
displaced.

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[1 mark]

(d) Name the physics principle that explains the situation above.
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…
[1 mark]

(e) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under the sea by using the principle
stated in (d).
How a submarine on the surface of the sea can submerge?
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[1 mark]