DYSM 1

Problem 1
Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that :
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6
ab + bc + ca
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_
9
Proposed by Kunihiko Chikaya
Solution by K.Non 10 point/10
By using the AM GM inequality :
a
3
+ 1 + 1 3a
b
3
+ 1 + 1 3b
c
3
+ 1 + 1 3c
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6 3(a + b + c) [1]
and
b
2
a
+ a 2b
c
2
b
+ a 2c
a
2
c
+ c 2a

b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
a + b + c [2]
From [1], [2], (a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6)
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_
3(a + b + c)
2
Using well known inequality, (a + b + c)
2
3(ab + bc + ca)
(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6)
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_
9(ab + bc + ca)

a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6
ab + bc + ca
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_
9. Q.E.D.
Solution by Slobodan Filipovski 10 point/10
By the AM-GM inequality,
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6 = (a
3
+ 1 + 1) + (b
3
+ 1 + 1) + (c
3
+ 1 + 1)
3
3

a
3
1 1 + 3
3

b
3
1 1 + 3
3

c
3
1 1 = 3(a + b + c).
From Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c

(a + b + c)
2
a + b + c
= a+b+c.

(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6)
ab + bc + ca
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_

3(a + b + c)
ab + bc + ca
(a+b+c) =
3(a + b + c)
2
ab + bc + ca
,
Since (a b)
2
+ (b c)
2
+ (c a)
2
0 a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
ab + bc + ca,thus we
obtain
3(a+b+c)
2
= 3(a
2
+b
2
+c
2
+2ab+bc+2ca) 3(ab+bc+ca+2ab+2bc+2ca) =
9(ab + bc + ca).

(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6)
ab + bc + ca
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_

9(ab + bc + ca)
ab + bc + ca
9.
Equality holds when a
3
= b
3
= c
3
= 1 a = b = c = 1.
2
Solution by Time Spring 8 point/10
One application of Cauchys Inequality, show that :
a
3
+ 2 = a
3
+ 1 + 1 3 a
3
..
miss typing
1 1 = 3a
b
3
+ 2 = b
3
+ 1 + 1 3 b
3
..
miss typing
1 1 = 3a
c
3
+ 2 = b
3
+ 1 + 1 3 c
3
..
miss typing
1 1 = 3a
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6 3(a + b + c) (1)
In addition, One application of Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz Inequality,
show that :
_
_
b

a
_
2
+
_
c

b
_
2
+
_
a

c
_
2
_
[(

a)
2
+ (

b)
2
+ (

c)
2
]

_
_
_
_
b

a +
b
..
miss typing

b +
a

c
_
_
_
_
2

_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_

(a + b + c)
2
a + b + c
= a + b + c (2)
Then, with (1), (2), we have
(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6)
ab + bc + ca
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_

3(a + b + c)
2
ab + bc + ca

3 3(ab + bc + ca)
ab + bc + ca
= 9.
3
Solution by Proposer
a
3
3a 2 (a 1)
2
(a + 2) 0 etc, we have
b
2
3a
+
c
2
3b
+
a
2
3c

b
2
a
3
+ 2
+
c
2
b
3
+ 2
+
a
2
c
3
+ 2

(a + b + c)
2
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6

3(ab + bc + ca)
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6
.
Since a, b, c are positive, yielding
(a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
+ 6)
ab + bc + ca
_
b
2
a
+
c
2
b
+
a
2
c
_
9(ab + bc + ca).
4
Problem 3
Let be real number. Find the sum

n=1
4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
.
Solution by K.Non 8 point/10
For real number a, from sin2a = 2 sina cos a, we have
4 sin
2
a sin
2
2a = 4 sin
2
a 4 sin
2
a cos
2
a = 4 sin
4
a
Substitute a =

2
n
for this equation, we obtain
4
n
sin
2
_

2
n
_
4
n1
sin
2
_

2
n1
_
= 4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
,
thus, we have
k

n=1
4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
=
k

n=1
_
4
n
sin
2
_

2
n
_
4
n1
sin
2
_

2
n1
__
= 4
k
sin
2
_

2
k
_
sin
2
.

n=1
4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
= lim
k
k

n=1
4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
= lim
k
4
k
sin
2
_

2
k
_
sin
2

= lim
k
sin
2
2
k
_

2
k
_
2

2
sin
2
with = 0
. .
1 point
Let

2
k
= c,
= lim
c0
_
sinc
c
_
2

2
sin
2

n=1
4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
=
2
sin
2
,
which satisfies the result of the case = 0
. .
1 point
.
5
Solution by Kunihiko Chikaya
For k = 1, 2, , Using identities, sin
2
x =
1 cos 2x
2
, cos
2
x =
1 + cos 2x
2
sin
4

2
k
=
_
sin
2

2
k
_
2
=
_
1 cos

2
k1
2
_
2
=
1
4
_
1 cos

2
k1
_
2
=
1
4
_
1 2 cos

2
k1
+ cos
2

2
k1
_
=
1
4
_
1 2 cos

2
k1
+
1 + cos

2
k2
2
_
S
n
:=
n

k=1
4
k
sin
4

2
k
=
n

k=1
4
k1
_
3
2
2 cos

2
k1
+
1
2
cos

2
k2
_
=
3
2
n

k=1
4
k1
+
n

k=1
_
2
2k3
cos

2
k1
2
2k1
cos

2
k1
_
=
3
2

4
n
1
4 1
+
1
2
cos 2 2 cos
+2 cos 2
3
cos

2
+2
3
cos

2
2
5
cos

2
2
+2
2n5
cos

2
n3
2
2n3
cos

2
n2

6
+2
2n3
cos

2
n2
2
2n1
cos

2
n1
=
4
n
1
2
+
1
2
cos 2 2
2n1
cos

2
n1
= 2
2n1
_
1 cos

2
n1
_

1
2
(1 cos 2)
=
1 cos

2
n1
_

2
n1
_
2
2
2
sin
2
with = 0.
Since lim
x0
1 cos x
x
2
= lim
x0
1 cos
2
x
x
2
(1 + cos x)
= lim
x0
_
sinx
x
_
2

1
1 + cos x
= 1
2

1
2
=
1
2
, using this gives

n=1
4
n
sin
4
_

2
n
_
2
= lim
n
S
n
=
1
2
2
2
sin
2

=
2
sin
2
, which satises the result of the case = 0.
7