Physics I Homework Set 1 Solutions

Show your work, and circle your answers. Take the acceleration due to gravity to be g = 9.8 m/s2 , and ignore air resistance. This is due at 9:00 a.m., Monday, February 11 1. Conversions. Work out or look up the following conversions, and record them in a table for future reference. No sense in doing them twice. You will add to this table throughout the semester. Have you tried typing 1 gallon = into Google? (a) What is 1 mile in km? (1 pt) 1.609 km, but 1.6 km is sucient. (b) What is 1 mile per hour in m/s? (1 pt) (1600 m)/(3600 s) = 4/9 m/s or 0. 4 m/s. (c) What is 1 mile per hour in km/hr? (1 pt) 1.6 km/hr. Canada, Australia ... (d) What is 1 pound in kg? (1 pt) 0.454 kg (e) What is 1 inch in m? (1 pt) 0.0254 m (f) What is 1 gallon in m3 ? (1 pt) 0.003785 m3 (g) What is 1 liter in m3 ? (1 pt) 0.001 m3 , one thousandth of a cubic meter. (h) I was informed on New Years Eve 2011 that the Times Square Ball has a mass of 6 tons, and that this was the same mass as 109 Snookis. i. What is 1 ton measured in Snookis? (1 pt) 109 Snookis 1 ton = 1 ton 9 ton

= 18.1 6 Snookis

ii. What is 1 Snooki measured in tons? (1 pt) 1 Snooki = 1 Snooki 9 tons 106 Snookis

= 0.0550 tons

(OR, by knowing that once you have the conversion factor one way, the conversion factor the other way is simply 1/.) iii. What is 1 kg measured in Snookis? (1 pt) 1 kg is 1/1000 tons, so 1 kg = 18.1 6/1000 Snookis = 0.0181 6 Snookis iv. What is 1 Snooki measured in kg? (1 pt) Following the OR comment above, this is instantly 1 Snooki = 1/0.0181 6 = 55.0 kg You now know how to perform any unit conversion. 1

2. You have a phonebook, and a bathroom scale. How can you nd the weight of a single page? The scale is not sensitive enough to measure a single page by itself. (2 pts) Weigh the whole phone book, then divide by the number of pages. Next, how might you handle the fact that the covers and spine are made of thicker paper than the pages? 3. Explain how all unit conversions are equivalent to the phonebook question. (2 pts) Some number of meters equals a dierent number of feet. Some number of pounds equals a dierent number of kilograms. Some number of pages equals a dierent number of phone books. Some number of degrees Celsius equals a dierent number of degrees Fahrenheit. Some number of molecules is a dierent number of moles of molecules. You must absorb this pattern so that your children will be born with it: if X blahs = Y glurfs then 1 blah = and 1 glurf =

Y X X Y

glurfs blahs .

4. Write the following in standard notation (1 pt each): (a) 324.01 3.2401 102

(b) 0.010 1.0 102

(d) 8,980,000,000 0.0000040 Write this is in standard notation to begin with: (8.980000000 109 ) (4.0 106 ). The rst number has 10 signicant gures, the second has 2. Can a combination of numbers be more accurate than the least accurate number involved? No. So hopefully this will make sense to you: the number of signicant gures in this answer is that of the least accurate number involved ... 2. So, 3.6 104 , not 3.592 104 .

(c) 0.0000000567 5.67 108

5. If air resistance is ignored, and gravity is the only force acting, all objects accelerate downwards at g m/s2 . Use y to represent the vertical position of an object, g for the acceleration downwards, and simply rewrite the equations x = x0 + v0 t + v = v0 + at
2 v 2 = v0 + 2 a( x x 0 )

1 2 at 2

for the case of vertical motion. This is just about careful labeling. (3 pts) y = y0 + vy 0 t vy = vy0 gt 1 2 gt 2

2 2 vy = vy 0 2g ( y y0 )

Yep, that was all. While you technically dont have to rewrite anything for 1d problems you could easily x to mean a height there will be more than one dimension in your near future, and it is a Good Practice to learn the Art of Good Notation. Note the subscripts on the velocities and on the accelerations. at2 and solve for v 2 . (3 pts) 6. Substitute v = v0 + at into x = x0 + v0 t + 1 2 (I know you know the answer is
2 v 2 = v0 + 2ax ,

because you paid attention in class, but the point is to benet from the exercise.) The rst equation gives t = (v v0 )/a. Plugging this into the second equation gives x = x 0 + v0 = x0 + v0 x = =

v v0 1 v v0 + a a 2 a

2 v v0 1 v 2 2vv0 + v0 + a a 2 a2

(distributing out)

2 2 2 v0 v 2 v0 + v 2 2vv0 + v0 2a 2 v 2 v0 2a

(common denominator & tidying)

(simplifying the top line)

2 v 2 = v0 + 2 a x .

Done. Now you never have to do it again. 3

Plug n Chug: these two questions use the relevant symbols explicitly. La Proc edure de Base : List what youre given

List what youre asked for

Use the equation that links them all 7. At t = 0, an object is at x0 = 3 m, moving right at v0 = 2 m/s, and accelerating to the right at a constant acceleration of a = 4 m/s2 . (a) What is the velocity of the object at t = 4 s? (1 pt) 18 m/s. This should be obvious. However, physics is new to you, and it is worth imprinting upon your genes the method that will carry you through much more involved plug n chug questions. So, with no insult intended, Given : x0 v0 a t want : v = = = = = 3 2 4 4 ?

Of course you might be given more than you need. To get v , the equation that works is v = v0 + at and we didnt need x0 for part (a). Plugging and chugging : v = v0 + at = 2 + (4)(4) = 18 m/s. A note about the units. Notice how we didnt bother to write them? Standard in, standard out. Hence the m/s. (b) What is the position of the object at t = 4 s? (1 pt) Given : x0 v0 a t v want : x = = = = = = 3 2 4 4 18 ?

Note that since we just found it, we added v to our list of knowns. The point here is that theres more than one recipe for soup, and you might be given more knowns than you need to compute something. 4

Here are two ways, side by side:

2 v 2 = v0 + 2ax

1 x = x0 + v0 t + at2 2 1 = 3 + (2)(4) + (4)(4)2 2 = 43 m.

x = =

2 v 2 v0 2a

182 22 m. 2(4)

= 40 x = 43 m.

Note that the rst way didnt need the answer to part (a). You could have found this rst. One of the skills you must learn is the fastest way to compute something, and that means knowing all the equations so you can pick the most ecient. (c) What is the objects displacement over the rst 4 seconds? (1 pt) From x0 = 3 m to x = 43 m. Thus 40 m. (d) What is the objects displacement between t = 4 and t = 6 seconds? (2 pts) The displacement is the dierence between the position x at times t = 6 and t = 4 sec. You are young, so you will probably do this the long way. I am old, so I cannot aord to do this the long way because I might die half way through. So, xt f xt i = v0 t f + 1 1 2 atf v0 ti at2 2 2 i 1 2 a( t t 2 i) 2 f 1 (4)(62 42 ) 2 (see?) (see?)

= v0 ( t f t i ) + = (2)(6 4) + = 44 m.

(e) At what time(s) was the object stationary? (2 pts) Stationary means v = 0, and you are asked for the time(s) t at which this happens. The equation with the lot is therefore v = v0 + at, so v = v0 + at 0 = 2 + 4t t = 1/2 sec Whether or not we accept negative times which are simply times before we started out stopwatch will depend on the question. In this case, include them for early practice. 5

(f) At what time(s) was the objects velocity v = 12 m/s? (2 pts) This is exactly the same question, only with v = 12 m/s. So, v = v0 + at 12 = 2 + 4t t = 5/2 sec. (g) At what time(s) was the object at x = 27 m? (2 pts) In a sense, this is also exactly the same question. Admittedly, the equation you need is now x = x0 + v0 t + 1 at2 , which is quadratic in t, but the principle is the 2 same. So, 1 x = x0 + v0 t + at2 2 1 27 = 3 + 2t + (4)t2 2 2 t + t 12 = 0 (see?) (t 3)(t + 4) = 0 t = 4, 3 sec. This is as good a place as any to enforce the point about math uency. Do you see how you must have every skill of pre-calculus at the ready? You should see this problem for what it is the easiest level of physics problem there is. Please at2 , but messed contact me if (i) you reached for the right equation x = x0 + v0 t + 1 2 up solving the quadratic, (ii) did not reach for the correct equation in the rst place, or both. (h) When the speed of the object was v = 6 m/s, where was the object? (2 pts) 2 From v 2 = v0 + 2 a x , x x0 = =
2 v 2 v0 2a

62 22 = 4 2(4)

x = 7 m. 8. Initially, an object is at the origin, moving left at 4 m/s. Its acceleration is 2.0 m/s2 to the right. This tested only two things. First, that you knew that the origin means x0 = 0. Second, that you recognized this as exactly the same problem as Q7, and did as little work as possible in solving it. Doing as little work as possible is highly moral, not because its lazy, but because it trains you to look for patterns, and because its ecient. Maximize your life. End of speech. Now, follow along: 6

(a) What is the velocity of the object at t = 4 s? (1 pt) v = 4 + (2)(4) = +4 m/s, in your head. Make sure you know which equation was used. (b) What is the position of the object at t = 4 s? (1 pt) x = 0 4(4) + 1 (2)(42 ) = 0 m (i.e., back at the origin again), in your head. Make 2 sure you know which equation was used. (c) What was the displacement of the object between t = 4 and t = 6 seconds? (2 pts) Just as in Q7, but without the repeated steps, xt f xt i = v0 ( t f t i ) + 1 2 a( t f t 2 i) 2 1 (2)(62 42 ) 2 (see?)

= (4)(6 4) + = 12 m.

(d) At what time(s) was the object stationary? (2 pts) 0 = 4 + 2t so t = 2 s. In your head.

(e) At what time(s) was the objects velocity v = 12 m/s? (2 pts) 12 = 4 + 2t so t = 8 s. In your head.

(f) At what time(s) was the object at x = 0 m? (2 pts) This tested whether you spotted that you already knew this: at t = 0 and t = 4 seconds, from (b) above! However, you are starting out, so heres how you would nd this if you did not already know it. You are given positions, and asked for time. So, 1 x = x0 + v0 t + at2 2 1 0 = 0 4t + (2)t2 2 0 = t(t 4) t = 0, 4 sec.

(g) How far did the object move in the rst 4 seconds? (4 pts) This tests the distinction between distance and displacement. From part (b), the displacement between t = 0 and t = 4 is zero. But that is not how far the object moved this means the ground covered by the object. How did it move? It moved some distance left, stopped, and retraced its steps not only back to the origin (at t = 4 sec), but then onwards to the right. Since it was back at the origin at t = 4, though, the distance it traveled was twice the farthest point reached to the left. Make sense? To nd the farthest point reached at the left (nding x, when v = 0), use 2 v 2 v0 x = = 4. 0 m 2a 7

(that was with v = 0, v0 = 4 m/s, and a = +2 m/s2 ). In other words, in the rst 4 seconds, it moved 4 m to the left, then back to the origin, covering covering 8 m in total. (h) When the speed of the object was v = 8 m/s, where was the object? (2 pts) x x0 = =
2 v 2 v0 2a

82 (4)2 = 12 2(2)

x = 12 m. The remaining questions 927 also concern 1-d motion with constant acceleration. However, the form in which you are given information is less blatant. You should recognize that several are essentially the same. In some, there may be no acceleration. Some require you to rewrite various quantities using dierent symbols. 9. You drop a rock from a height of 10 m. NOTATION: g is often used for 9.8 m/s2 , and H is often used for height. (a) How fast is it moving when it hits the ground? (1 pt) 2 Drop means v0 = 0 m/s. From v 2 = v0 + 2 a x , vf all =

2gH

= 2(9.8)(10) = 14 m/s (b) How long does it take to hit the ground? (2 pts) From x = x0 + v0 t + 1 at2 , 2 tf all = =

2H g

2(10) = 10/7 = 1.42857... = 1.4 s 9. 8 (c) Recalculate both these answers if you dropped it from 20 m. (2 pts) This tests ratios. Remember the notation vf all H tf all H ( means proportional to.) Since H doubles, vf all goes up by a factor of 1.4142..., so falling from 20 m would result in vf all = 14 2 = 19.7989... = 20 m/s tf all = 1.42857 2 = 2.020305... = 2.0 s 8

2=

10. How long does it take an object dropped from rest to fall a height H ? (2 pts) This and the next were redundant; they were just included in case you worked out the above answers without having led away rst the equation tf all =

2h/g , and . . .

11. What is the speed of an object after falling a height H from rest? (2 pts) . . . second the equation vf all = 2gH in your DNA. 12. If you drive 240 miles in 8 hours, what is your average speed in m/s? (2 pts) 240 miles 4m = 30 = 13. 3 m /s 8 hr 9 s goes into your DNA. Female students should make sure to store this The 4/9 or 0.4 in their mitochondrial DNA as well, to ensure a backup copy gets transmitted to any ospring. Obviously. 13. If you drive at a constant speed of 40 miles/hr for 30 minutes, then at 60 miles/hr for 30 minutes, what was your average speed overall? (2 pts) Average speed is total distance over total time, so vav = 20 miles + 30 miles = 50 miles/hr 1 hr

14. If you drive at a constant speed of 40 miles/hr for 20 miles, then at 60 miles/hr for 20 miles, what was your average speed overall? (2 pts) Again, vav = 20 miles + 20 miles 40 miles = = 48 miles/hr 1/2 hr + 1/3 hr 5/6 hr

15. Exam style. How far do you travel if, starting from rest, you accelerate at 1.5 m/s2 for 4.0 s, then coast for 8.0 seconds, then decelerate to a standstill in 4.0 s? (3 pts) This is the rst in a series of put it all together questions. Recognize that the equations you have for 1d motion apply only for constant acceleration, and this situation has three distinct phases to it. Phase 1 : x = 1 1 aacc t2 (1.5)(42 ) = 12 m. acc = 2 2

At the end of 1.5 seconds you are running at v = (1.5)(4) = 6 m/s. Coasting at this speed for 8 seconds adds another Phase 2 : x = vcoast tcoast = (6)(8) = 48 m. 9

Since in this case it takes you as many seconds to decelerate as it took you to accelerate, that means your deceleration is 1.5 m/s2 , which usually means using a = 1.5 m/s2 . Decelerating from your coasting speed to rest, you have an initial speed of 6 m/s, so you cover a nal Phase 3 : 1 1 2 x = vcoast tdec + adec t2 dec = (6)(4) (1.5)(4 ) = 12 m. 2 2

Total distance covered: 72 m. Extra virtue points for solving this using a v t graph. 16. Exam style. You accelerate at a m/s2 for 4.0 s, then coast for 8.0 seconds, then decelerate to a standstill in 4.0 s. In total, you travel 144 meters. What was your initial acceleration? Although the methods are equivalent, solve this rst by equations only, then re-solve it using a v t graph. (8 pts) Note that this is essentially the same as the previous question, with adec = aacc . The only dierence here is that you are given the total distance and asked for the acceleration aacc , rather than given the acceleration and asked for the total distance. Here is the step by step solution (equations only), intended to instill in you the Virtue of Good Notation, a.k.a. Careful Labeling. Gather the expressions for each x from the previous question, use the fact that vcoast = aacc tacc , then the fact that adec = aacc : 144 m = x1 + x2 + x3 = = =

1 1 2 aacc t2 acc + (vcoast tcoast ) + vcoast tdec + adec tdec 2 2

1 1 2 aacc t2 acc + (aacc tacc )tcoast + (aacc tacc )tdec + adec tdec 2 2 1 1 2 aacc t2 acc + (aacc tacc )tcoast + (aacc tacc )tdec aacc tdec 2 2

= aacc = aacc so

1 2 1 tacc + tacc tcoast + tacc tdec t2 2 2 dec

1 2 1 (4 ) + (4)(8) + (4)(4) (42 ) = aacc [48] 2 2

aacc = 144/48 = 3 m/s2 .

10

Now for the v t graph. Yes, its equivalent, but you must be able to do both. The total area under the graph is 144 m, so, writing 1 (base)(height) for each triangle . . . 2

1 1 144 = (4)(4aacc ) + (8)(4aacc ) + (4)(4aacc ) = aacc [48] 2 2

aacc = 3 m/s2

17. Exam style. Two sprinters run a 100 m race. Sprinter A reaches the nish line 5 meters ahead of sprinter B. After resting, the sprinters now run a second race, only this time, sprinter A starts 5 meters behind sprinter B. Assume they run the second race at the same pace they ran the rst. Who wins the second race, sprinter A, sprinter B, or is it a tie? Explain. (2 pts) This means Sprinter A runs 100 m in the same time that Sprinter B runs 95 m. In the second race, Sprinter A therefore catches Sprinter B with 5 m still to go. Since Sprinter A is moving faster, Sprinter A wins again. You know whats coming: work out how far back Sprinter A should haves started in order to produce a tie. 18. Exam style. When a sprinter hears the starting gun, she accelerates at a constant rate for 5.0 seconds, then coasts at a constant speed for another 15 seconds. She covers 200 m in total. What was her acceleration, and what was her nal speed? (4 pts) You already have the pieces for this one. In fact, theres no slowing down phase, so its even simpler than Q15 and Q16. Having already extolled the virtues of labeling, lets just plug in the right numbers: 200 m = 1 2 a(5 ) + (5a)(15) = a (87.5) 2

a = 200/87.5 = 2.2857... = 2.3 m/s2 11

I will now interrupt your train of thought for a moment. The rst four students to email me the sentence, Dear Professor, I listened when you told me to work hard, and I am half way through the solutions. will each earn 40 bonus homework points. 19. Exam style. A speedy tortoise can run with a velocity of 10 cm/s, and a hare can run 20 times as fast. In a race, they both start at the same time, but the hare stops to rest for 2.0 minutes. The tortoise wins by a shell (20 cm). What was the length of the race? (6 pts) The only equation needed is distance = speed time. The only thing new is that you have two objects. The speed of the hare is clearly 200 cm/s. Now apply distance = speed time to each object. Start with the simpler case: the tortoise. If the length of the race is d, and the time of the race is t, then d = 10t (where d is in cm).

Pause for a moment: the Problem is Solved. You still have to do the math, of course, but that is merely chugging away. You have two unknowns, and two equations, so you know you have solved the problem. Pretty much all the work for this one was in producing these equations, mainly the second one. Okay, time to actually nish it o. One comment on technique: you can clearly solve these for both d and t, but you were asked for d. So, eliminate the other unknown (t), and that will ensure the rst thing you solve for is d. Doing so: re-arrange the rst to get t = d/10, then plug this into the second, and you get: d 20 = 200

What about the hare? It runs at 200 cm/s, but for 2 minutes (120 seconds) less than the tortoise, and in that time it covers 20 cm less ground. That sentence is an equation. You just said d 20 = 200(t 120) .

d 120 10

200(120) 20 = 20d d 23980 = 19d d = 1262.1 cm = 13 m to 2 sig gs In summary, if you are juggling the motion of two separate objects, each object will have an equation associated with its motion. These questions will therefore require the solving of simultaneous equations. To practice this . . . 20. Exam style. A cyclist passes a sitting dog. At that instant, the dog accelerates after the cyclist at 2.5 m/s2 . The cyclist keeps a constant speed of 4.0 m/s. (4 total) 12

(a) How long does it take the dog to catch the cyclist? (2 pts) See (b) . . . (b) How far had the dog traveled when it catches the cyclist? (2 pts) Each object has an equation that goes along with its motion, so you are expecting simultaneous equations. The dog is accelerating, the cyclist is not. Catching the cyclist means that the position of the dog is the same as that of the cyclist at the same time. Use symbols rst, then plug in the numbers: cyclist : dog : When xdog = xcyc , vcyc t = 1 adog t2 2 1 4 = (2.5)t 2 t = 3.2 s. Thats (a). At that time, xdog = 12.8 m, the same as xcyc . Thats (b). 21. Exam style. A magpie drops a bone from a height H in an attempt to break it, so that it can eat the marrow inside. The bone does not break. It will only break if it hits the ground at three times the speed it did when dropped from the height H . How high does the magpie have to drop it from? (3 pts) First, you already know the speed after falling a height H from rest is vf all =

xcyc = vcyc t 1 xdog = adog t2 2

(one t cancels)

2gH ,

where g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m/s2 . For vf all to be three times greater, how many times greater must H be? As in Q9c, you have to become familiar with the following notation. Since vf all H , to triple vf all , you need H to be 9 larger. See this okay? Make sure you understand this language of proportion, or direct variation as you might know it.

13

22. Exam style. The bearded vulture is a scavenger that has learned to drop bones onto rocky ground to crack them open. (4 total) (Same problem, just with numbers.) (a) If a certain bone must strike rock at 25 m/s in order to break, from how high above the ground must a vulture drop the bone? (2 pts) 2 2 Plug n chug. Since vf all = 2gH , H = vf all /2g = 25 /19.6 = 31.8877... = 32 m. (b) If a dierent bone must strike rock at double this speed, how many times higher must the vulture drop this bone from? (2 pts) 2 2 H vf all , so if vf all doubles, H quadruples. Thus, H = 127.551... = 1.3 10 m. 23. Exam style. Assume a driver has instantaneous reexes, and that his car decelerates at a constant rate under braking. From an initial speed of 40 miles per hour, his car can stop in 20 m. How far does it take to stop from an initial speed of 80 miles per hour? (2 pts) The key assumption here is that the car decelerates at the same rate no matter what the initial speed. In real life this isnt true, but one makes such simplications in introductory physics.
2 With an initial velocity zero, the equation for v 2 becomes xstop = v0 /2a . Then having the same a means

xstop =

2 v0 2a

means

2 xstop v0 ,

so doubling v0 means quadrupling the stopping distance x. Moral One: make sure you understand this language. See HW Set 0, Q98 through Q102. Moral Two, do you see how proportions and ratios render moot the choice of units? Whatever units you were given, you can answer in the same units using simply this property that doubling v0 means quadrupling the stopping distance x. So, 80 m. Done. 24. Exam style. A diver falls from rest from a 10 m diving tower. If the diver had rst jumped upwards with an initial vertical velocity of 2.5 m/s, how much longer would he take to hit the water? Pretend the diver is a point mass. (6 pts) You need the time he takes to hit the water if he just fell from rest. Then you need the time he takes to hit the water by jumping a little rst. What was being tested here is whether you recognized that you already solved the rst case! The time he would take to hit the water by just falling you have already solved: that was Q9! Its the time to fall 10 m, namely 1.42857... s! Now for the time taken when he jumps a little. Remember the Plug n Chug Method: list what youve given, list what youre asked for, and nd the equation with the lot. (Call upwards positive.) Given : y = 10 v0 = +2.5 14

ay = 9 . 8 want : t = ? The equation y = vy0 t + 1 a t2 is the one with the lot: 2 y 10 = 2.5t 4.9t2 4.9t2 2.5t 10 = 0 t = = +2.5

(plug) (ax2 + bx + c = 0 form) (quad. form.)

(2.5)2 4(4.9)(10) 9. 8

+2.5 14.22146... 9. 8 choosing only the + time.

= 1.70627... s It would therefore take 0.2777... = 0.28 s longer.

25. Exam style. An object is thrown straight up with a speed of 15 m/s, from the top of a building 40 m above the ground, and falls all the way to the ground. How long does it take to hit the ground, and how fast is it moving just before it does so? (4 pts) This one is simply practice at nding the time of ight when an object has some initial vertical speed (vy0 = 0), as opposed to being simply dropped. This means practice at the quadratic formula. Again, following the method: Given : y v0 ay want : t = = = = 40 +15 9. 8 ?

1 Once again, y = vy0 t + 2 ay t2 gives:

40 = 15t 4.9t2 4.9t2 15t 40 = 0 t = = +15

(plug in) (put in form ax2 + bx + c = 0) (quad. form.)

(15)2 4(4.9)(40) 9. 8

+15 31.76476... 9. 8 choosing only the + time.

= 4.77191... = 4.8 s

Remember, y = vy0 t + 1 a t2 is quadratic in t. If you start and stop at the same 2 y height if y = 0 this reduces to a linear equation in t and is easy. But if you start and nish at dierent heights, and asked for the time of ight t, then you will be solving this equation with y = 0, and you will need the quadratic formula. 15

26. Exam style. A father is walking toward the ground oor door of his apartment building at a constant speed of 1.5 m/s. At a height H = 30 m over the front door, his daughter is secretly holding a snowball. She plans to throw the snowball straight down when her father is a distance d = 3.0 m from the front door. How fast must she throw it downwards if she wants to hit her father on the head? (7 total.) Besides uency with the equations, this one tests plain old problem solving. See how it takes the father 2 seconds to reach the front door? The daughter must therefore throw the snowball such that y = 30 m in two seconds. You just said 1 y = v y 0 t + ay t 2 2 30 = 2vy0 (4.9)(2)2 and that lets you solve for what you were asked for, vy0 : v y 0 = 5 . 2 m / s. 27. Exam style. An F line subway car takes 65 seconds to go from 23rd St to 34th St, Herald Square. Passengers not holding on to a handrail can avoid falling over by standing at an angle with respect to the vertical. The acceleration a is related to by a = g tan . A passenger traveling from 23rd St. to 34th St. balances by leaning forward at = 5.5 for 17 seconds, then standing upright ( = 0 ) for 37 seconds, then leaning backwards at = 8.5 for 11 seconds. (8 total)

All this tested was your ability to nd a for each phase of motion from the equation given even if this equation was not explained and handed to you with no warning in an exam. (a) What is the acceleration of the train as it speeds up? (1 pt) It even took you through it. aacc = (9.8) tan(5.5 ) = 0.94363... m/s2 . (b) What is the deceleration of the train as it slows down? (1 pt) Likewise, adec = (9.8) tan(8.5 ) = 1.4646... m/s2 . (c) How far is it from 23rd St to 34th St? (6 pts) As in Q16, only with the times given, distance = x1 + x2 + x3 =

1 1 2 aacc t2 acc + (vcoast tcoast ) + vcoast tdec + adec tdec 2 2 16

= = =

1 1 2 aacc t2 acc + (aacc tacc )tcoast + (aacc tacc )tdec + adec tdec 2 2 1 1 2 aacc t2 acc + (aacc tacc ) [tcoast + tdec ] + adec tdec 2 2 1 1 (0.94363)(172 ) + (0.94363)(17) [37 + 11] (1.4646)(112 ) 2 2

= 136.35 + 770.00 88.61 = 818 m. Partial credit is awarded in exams, so the second last line was to remind you to show signs of your working.

End of Homework.
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