2.

10

UNDERSTANDING WORK, ENERGY, POWER AND EFFICIENCY

(.../ 29
LEARNING OUTCOMES :

100 ! "#

A student is able to: Explain the process of define work (W) as the product of an applied force (F) and displacement (s) of an object in the direction of the applied force ie W = Fs State that when work is done ener ! is transferred from one object to another "efine kinetic ener ! and state that Ek = # m$% "efine ra$itational potential ener ! and state that Ep = m h State the principle of conser$ation of ener ! "efine power and state that &=W't Explain what efficienc! of a de$ice is Sol$e problems in$ol$in work( ener !( power and efficienc! SECTION A. Choose the correct word in the bracket. 1. #. '. ). Work is the product of applied force and (distance displace!ent" in the direction of the applied force. When the work is done (force ener$%" is transferred fro! one ob&ect to another. The work done is e(ual to the a!ount of (te!perature ener$%" transferred. The SI unit for work is (&oule watt".

SECTION *. +ill in the blank with the correct answer. postion 1. #. '. ). unchan$ed ener$% !otion

,inetic ener$% is the ener$% of an ob&ect due to its ____________ -ra.itational potential ener$% is the ener$% of an ob&ect due to its ____________ in the $ra.itational field The principle of conser.ation of ener$% states that _________ can be transferred fro! one for! to another but it cannot be created or destro%ed. The principle of conser.ation of ener$% e/plains that the total a!ount of ener$% alwa%s re!ains ___________.

SECTION C. State or false for each of the followin$ state!ents. 1. #. 0ower is the rate of doin$ work The efficienc% of a de.ice is the percenta$e of the ener$% input that is transfor!ed into useful ener$%. (True +alse" (True +alse"

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SECTION 1 2 State the transfor!ation of ener$%.. L$%&' ()(*%+ S.1)2 ()(*%+ State!ent 1. 1urian falls to the $round #. A bulb connected to a dr% cell li$hts up '. A bell rin$s when the switch is pressed ). The !otion of an arrow when an archer releases the strin$ +ro! Electrical ener$% Electrical ener$% ,inetic ener$% 3 sound ener$% G*,-$','$.),/ 0.'()'$,/ ()(*%+ E/,3'$4 0.'()'$,/ ()(*%+ To ,inetic ener$% 3 sound ener$% heat ener$% 3

SECTION E 2 Answer all (uestions. Work done +orce and displace!ent in the sa!e +orce and displace!ent in difference direction direction

FY F s

FY

F F Fx

+ 7

Fx

W 4 +. s

W 4 Work + 4 ___________ s 4 55555555555

W 4 +6 . s W 4 5555555555

W 4 work + 4 force s 4 displace!ent 7 4 an$le between 555555 and 5555555555555

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1ia$ra! (a"

1ia$ra! (b"

1. 1ia$ra!s (a" and (b" shows a bo% pushin$ a load and a wei$htlifter liftin$ a load of 89 k$ a" Calculate the work done i. b% the bo%

ii. b% the wei$htlifter in liftin$ the load.

#.

A:!an is pullin$ a bo/ with a force of ;9 N at an an$le of 89o fro! the hori:ontal. Calculate the work done to !o.e the bo/ to a distance of ' !.

Displacement = 3 m

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'. Sa!% releasin$ # k$ !etal ball fro! a buildin$ of )9 ! hei$ht (Take the acceleration due to $ra.it% as 19 !s<#. @etal ball

)9 !eter

a" At the hei$ht of )9 != the !etal ball has ($ra.itational potential ener$% kinetic ener$%" b" >ust before the !etal ball hits the $round= the !a/i!u! ener$% that it has is ($ra.itational potential ener$% kinetic ener$%". c" Calculate i" The ener$% of the !etal ball at the hei$ht of)9 !.

ii"

the kinetic ener$% of the !etal before it hits the $round.

d" What is the principle used in c ii"? ;. A !otor liftin$ a wei$ht 1 k$ to a hei$ht of ).9 ! in ) s. The input ener$% suppl% to the !otor in one second is #9 >. Calculate a" power of the !otor

b" the efficienc% of the !otor

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2.11

APPRECIATING T5E IMPORTANCE OF MA IMI6ING T5E EFFICIENCY OF DE7ICES

LEARNING OUTCOMES :

(../ 1<

100 ! "#

A student is able to: )eco ni*e the importance of maximi*in efficienc! of de$ices in conser$in resources A. +ill in the bo/ with the correct ter!s. ,inetic Aesistance Bi$ht D(-$4( *ulb 0etrol en$ine Electric fan *atter% +riction in en$ine Electrical Ceat C.)-(*3$.) .8 ()(*%+ Electrical Che!ical ________ ________ D D D D Aesistance in electrol%te Che!ical

L.33 .8 ()(*%+

Ceat 9________ _________ Ceat and sound ,inetic Electrical _______ Ceat

L.33 .8 ()(*%+ 21( '. ____________ ___________ ___________ Aesistance in coil 3 bearin$ _____________

*. Enderline the correct state!ent below. 1. #. '. ). ;. 8. S','(:()' @ost of the ener$% in !echanical de.ices loss as heat and sound. A !a&or cause of inefficienc% in !achines is due to friction. The output ener$% of de.ices alwa%s !ore then input ener$%. @a/i!i:in$ the efficienc% of de.ices !akes the best use of the input ener$% and reduces ener$% wasta$e. @a/i!i:in$ the efficienc% of de.ices helps to conser.e ener$% resources. When ener$% transfor!ations take place= not all of ener$% is used to do useful work. A)3;(* (True +alse" (True +alse" (True +alse" (True +alse" (True +alse" (True +alse"

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LEARNING AREA 2.12

FORCE AND MOTION

UNDERSTANDING ELASTICITY

LEARNING OUTCOMES : A student is able to: "efine elasticit! "efine +ooke,s -aw "efine elastic potential ener ! and state that Ep = # kx% "etermine the factors that affect elasticit! "escribe applications of elasticit! Sol$e problems in$ol$in elasticit! SECTION A 2 +ill in the blanks with the correct word or ter!s. e/tension Elastic li!it A cushion +orce constant elastic potential ener$% directl% proportional work Car sprin$ support Sprin$ balance

(../ =>

100 ! "#

ener$% transferred elasticit%

1. The propert% of !aterials that can return to its ori$inal shape or si:e when the e/ternal force no lon$er acts on it is known as 55555555555555. #. 55555555555 of a sprin$ is the !a/i!u! force that can be applied to a sprin$ such that the sprin$ will be able to be restored to its ori$inal len$th when the force is re!o.ed. '. CookeFs Baw states that the e/tension of a sprin$ is 5555555555555555to applied force pro.ided that the elastic li!it is not e/ceeded. +4k/ Where + 4 +orce on the sprin$ k 4 5555555555555555sprin$ / 4 55555555555555of the sprin$ A sprin$ that is stretched or co!pressed stores 555555555555555555 5555555555555. When a force acts on a sprin$= as elastic potential ener$%. is done. The work done is stored

). ;.

8. Applications of elasticit% a" 5555555555555555is used to support our bod% when we sit on it the!. b" 5555555555555555 enable passen$ers in a car to feel co!fortable e.en when it tra.els on a bu!p% road. c" 555555555555555is used to !easure !ass wei$ht which is stretched when a load is hun$ on it.

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SECTION * 2

+actors that affect the elasticit% of a sprin$. Co!plete the table below. The lar$er The shorter the s!aller elasticit% Aelationship to elasticit% the sprin$= the lar$er the force constant of the sprin$. The lar$er the dia!eter of a sprin$ (coil"= the force constant of the sprin$. the dia!eter of sprin$ wire= the lar$er the force constant of the sprin$. The of a sprin$ depends on the !aterial it is !ade of.

1. #. '. ).

+actor Ben$th 1ia!eter of sprin$ (coil" 1ia!eter of sprin$ wire T%pe of !aterial

SECTION C 2 Answer all the (uestion. 1. The force<e/tension $raphs for two sprin$s= A and S are shown below. Co!plete the table that follows.

Force, F (N) " 0 !

20

S','(:()' The $radient of the $raph The force constant of sprin$ +orce needed to e/tend 1 c! of the sprin$ The area under the $raph when the sprin$ is e/tented b% ; c! E lastic potential ener$% when the sprin$ is e/tented b% ; c! +ro! the $raph= we !a% conclude that

10

Extension, x (cm)
S0*$)% R 5555N c!<1 5555N c!<1 555555N. 1995N c! 5555N ! 555> S0*$)% S ____ N c!<1 5555N c!<1 5555555N. ;95N c! 5555N ! 5555>

Sprin$ 555 is !ore stiff co!pared to sprin$5555. When each sprin$ is e/tented b% ; c!= sprin$ 55555stores !ore elastic potential ener$% than sprin$ 5555

33

#.

The fi$ures below shows the arran$e!ent of apparatus in an e/peri!ent to deter!ine the relation ship between the e/tension= e of a sprin$ T with wei$ht= W. The relationship of e and W is shown in the $raph.

a" *ased on the $raph= i. @ark with a cross (/" the elastic li!it of the sprin$. ii. Na!e the law that is related to the $raph before the elastic li!it is e/ceeded.

iii. State the relationship between W and e before the elastic li!it.

i.. 1eter!ine the .alue of e when W 4 G N. Show on the $raph= how %ou deter!ine the .alue of e.

b" The sprin$ stores ener$% when it is e/tended. i" Na!e the t%pe of ener$% stored in the sprin$.

ii" Calculate the force constant of the sprin$ in SI unit.

iii" Calculate the area under the $raph= when the sprin$ is e/tended fro! o c! to ) c!.

i." Calculate the ener$% stored in the sprin$ when it is e/tended b% ) c!.

." What is the relationship between area under the $raph and the ener$% stores in the sprin$.

c" Another sprin$ T is added parallel with the sprin$ T as shown in the fi$ure below.

Sprin$ T

Sprin$ T

Sketch the $raph of W a$ainst e for this e/peri!ent on the $raph.

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