CHAPTER 4: HEAT
2 show two types of metal
1.(a) Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 shows two different
situations that happen in our daily life. Diagram 9.1
shows a hand touching a hot kettle and Diagram
9.2 shows a hand holding an ice. Both are having
different temperatures. The arrow in both diagrams
indicates the direction of heat flow.
(i) What is meant by temperature? [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9,2, compare the
temperature of the objects, the effect of heat
experienced by the hands and the direction of heat
flow. Relate the direction of the heat flow to the
difference in temperature between objects which
are in thermal contact. [ 4 marks ]
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze
which occur during the day. Explain this
phenomenon. [ 5 marks ]
(c) Diagram 9.4 shows a desk lamp placed on a desk
used by a student. This type of lamp is not suitable to
be used as a study lamp.
Diagram 9.4
Explain the modifications that can be made to
improvise the desk lamp used by the student.
Emphasize your explanation in the following aspects:
(i) comfort the person who will use the lamp.
(ii) to reduce the heat transfer for the desk lamp
(iii) the design of the lamp desk
(iv) safety features of the lamp
(v) the energy efficiency of the lamp
[ 10 marks ]
2.(a) Figures 9.1 and 9.
block of the same mass being heated using
similar heaters for 10 minutes. Both metal
blocks have the same initial temperatures of 30
oC. The specific heat capacity of copper is 387 J
kg-1 oC -1 and 900 J kg-1 oC -1 for aluminium.
FIGURE 9.1
FIGURE 9.2
(i) “The specific heat capacity of copper is
387 J kg-1 oC-1”?
What is meant by the statement above?
[1 mark ]
(ii) Using Figures 9.1 and 9.2, compare the increase
in temperature and the specific heat capacity of
the metals used. Relating the heat supplied, the
heat absorbed and the specific heat capacity of
the metals, deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks ]
(iii) Name the physics principle that explains the
above situation. [1 mark ]
(b) A student standing near the beach could feel the
cool breeze from the sea on a hot day. Explain
how the cool breeze from the sea occurs.
[3 marks ]
(c) A parachutist intends to jump in the Artic region
where the temperature ranges from – 72oC to
0oC. He needs to measure the daily temperature
of the region where he will be doing his jump by
using a liquid-in-glass thermometer.
(i) State two suitable characteristics for the liquid
used in the thermometer and explain your
answer. [4 marks ]
(ii) Explain three other important characteristics
in building the thermometer. [6 marks ]
1
Figure 9.1(a) Figure 9.2 (b)
3. (a) Figure 9.1(a) shows a boy pouring hot coffee
into a cup. The hand of the boy is not scalded by
the coffee droplets that are spattered from the
kettle. Figure 9.1.(b) shows hot coffee spilling
over and getting onto his hand and his hand gets
scalded because of the heat capacity in it.
i) What is meant by heat capacity? ( 1 mark )
ii) Using diagrams 9.1(a) and 9.1(b) , compare the
situations , when the coffee droplets spatters on
his hand and when the hot coffee from the kettle
spills onto his hand. State the relationship between
the heat capacity and the mass . ( 5 marks)
(b) Explain why water is normally used as a
cooling agent in a car engine. ( 4 marks)
(c) An aluminium pan of mass 500 g is heated
from 25° C to 105 º C . How
much heat is absorbed by the pan ?
( The specific heat capacity of almunium is
910 Jkg −1 °C −1 ) (4 marks)
(d) As a researcher, you wish to produce an
ideal cooking pan which saves gas for the
purpose of cooking. Using the appropriate
physic concepts, suggest and explain the
modifications required. (6 marks)
4. Diagram 9.1 shows a student standing at the
edge of a swimming pool with his right foot
on a tiled floor while his left foot reaches
into the water during the day time. His left
foot feels colder than his right foot. On the
other hand , if this action is repeated at night
his left foot that is in the water with feel
warmer than his right foot which is on the
tiled floor, as shown in Diagram 1.2.
DIAG
RAM 9.1
DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) ( i) What is meant by heat? [1 mark]
(ii) Observe situation in diagram 9.1 and diagram
9.2. Compare the coldness of the floor tiles
and the coldness of the water in the swimming
pool. State the relationship between the heat
content of the floor tiles and the
water in the swimming pool in both situations.
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the car engine radiator. Explain
why is water used in the cooling system of the car ?
(c) (i) Your body sweats when you are
(d)
DIAGRAM 9.3
(a) In the car factory , En Ahmad realized that the
engine always become overheated. Using a suitable
physics concept, explain the required modification
needed to design an engine that can operate longer
and to prevent damage to the engine due to
overheating. You should use your knowledge of
heat to explain these suggestions, include the
following aspects:
(i) the design and structure of the radiator.
(ii) the characteristic of cooling material.
DIAGRAM 9.3
(ii) the suitable of boiling point. [10 marks]
5. Diagram 9.1 shows an ice cube melting when heat is
absorbed from the surrounding. Diagram 9.2 shows a
kettle of water boiling when heat is absorbed from
the fire.
DIAGRAM 9.1
DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) What is meant by heat? [1 mark]
(b) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,
compare the processes that take place
in both situations and the type of heat
needed for both processes to occur.
Relate the processes with the type of
heat needed to deduce a relevant
physics concept. Name the physics
concept involved. [5 marks]
feeling hot. How does sweating helps
to cool down your body? [ 2 marks ]
(ii) Explain why a scald from steam is
more serious than the one from
boiling water? [ 2 marks ]
Diagram 9.3 shows a simple solar
water–heating system. Energy from the
Sun falls on the solar panel. Water is
pumped around the system so that a
store of hot water is made available in
the tank.
Using suitable physics concepts,
explain the required modification
needed in designing an efficient
solar water-heating system. The
modification should include the
following aspects:
(i) pipes design
(ii) material used
(iii) heat absorption
[10 marks]
2
6.(a) Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two mercury
thermometers X and Y used to measure the
boiling point of pre water. The two thermometers
have equal bulb volume but different capillary
length.
(i) Explain what is meant by the sensitivity
of a measuring instrument? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 6.1 and
Diagram 6.2, compare the temperature
measured by the two thermometers, the
length of mercury threads, the diameter
of the capillary tube and the sensitivity
of the thermometers. Relate the length of
the mercury threads and the temperature
measured, make a deduction regarding
the sensitivity of the thermometer and
the diameter of the capillary tube of the
thermometer. [5 marks]
(b) Using your knowledge of heat capacities to
explain phenomena sea breeze and land
breeze. [4 marks]
(c) A housewife decides to cook a meat. She is
given two pots, a aluminium cooking pot and
a clay pot.
(i) Explain which pot is more suitable to be
used if the housewife want to keep the
food at a high temperature for a long time
(ii) Give twp advantages of pot in (c)(i).
[10 marks]
 7.(a) Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show a block of
copper and a block of aluminium of equal
mass heated by identical immersion heater of
50 W each.
Specific heat capacity of copper = 387 Jkg-1 oC-1
Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 Jkg-1 oC-1
The temperature-time graphs for the two
experiments are shown in Diagram 7.3 and
Diagram 7.4 respectively.
specific heat capacity ?
(i) What is meant by specific heat capacity of
a substance? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 7.3 and
Diagram 7.4, compare the mass, the
change temperature and the energy
absorbed by the objects. Relate the
energies supplied to the objects, the
masses of the objects and the change of
temperature of the objects, deduce a
relationship between the specific heat
capacity and the change of temperature of
the objects. [5 marks]
(iii) Find the mass of copper used in the
experiment. [4 marks]
(b) You are given some materials to make a cooking
pot. The materials are copper, wood and aluminium.
Using the materials to explain how you are going to
make the simple cooking pot.
[10 marks]
8. Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2 show two test tubes
containing same mass of water and iron powder
respectively. The water and the iron powder
have different specific heat capacity, and they
are heated at the same rate.
Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2
Temperature of water = 35oC
Temperature of iron powder = 85oC
Specific heat Capacity of water = 4200 Jkg-1oC-1
capacity Specific Heat of iron powder = 460 Jkg-1oC-1
(b) Based on Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2,
compare the temperature and specific
heat capacity of water and iron powder.
Relate the change in temperature and the
specific heat capacity to come up with a
conclusion of the physics concept
involved. [5]
(c) When a few drops of ether is dropped on
a student’s hand, his hand felt cool.
Explain how this happen . [4]
Figure 9.3
Figure 9.3 shows a food container used for keeping
the food warm. Using the appropriate physics
concepts, explain the modifications to a food
container so that
(i) it is able to maintain the
temperature of food for a longer
time
(ii) it can be moved from one place to
another
[10]