IPM Stuck Pipe Prevention 9- Free Point and Backoff

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STUCK PIPE

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Learning Objectives
Have a better understanding FPIT Be able to interpret FIT results Understand operational procedure to perform a Back-off operation
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Concepts
Intensity of Stress Is the stress per unit area due to a force of a F (pounds), producing tension, compression or shear over an area of A, square inches. S= F/A (lbs/in2)
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Concepts
Elastic Limit Below the elastic limit, deformations are directly proportional to the forces producing them (Hookes law applies). Yield Point Is the point above which permanent plastic deformation occurs with little or no increase in stress. Ultimate Stress Is the maximum stress which can be produced before rupture occurs.

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Concepts
Strain Is the elongation e, per unit length of a bar or pipe. Strain may be tensile or compressive. Modulus of Elasticity E, Is the factor of proportionality between stress and strain within the elastic limits of the material.
P/A E = e/L (lbs/in2)

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Stretch in Drill String

Hanging vertically from the block a pipe is in tensile stress due to its own weight.
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Stretch in Drill String

When a pull is applied to a stuck pipe, above the weight of the pipe down to the stuck point, the pipe stretches an amount DL at surface proportionally to the additional pull DP (overpull)

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Torsion in Pipe Strings

Pipe in Torsion
If torque is applied at surface to a stuck pipe string, of a constant cross section, the angular displacement or twist will vary linearly from a maximum at surface to zero at the stuck point.
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Stretch in Drill String

For estimating the length of free pipe, the stretch formula can be re-arranged as follows:

Lfree =

DL.E.A DP.12

Where: Lfree = length of free pipe ( feet ) DL = Stretch ( inches ) A = Cross sectional Area (inch 2 ) E = Modulus of elasticity ( lb / inch 2 ) DP = Drill string overpull ( lbs)

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Introducing:

A= x(OD2 ID2) 4

and E =30x106 psi

Where: OD = Outside diameter of tubular to be stretched ( inches) ID = Inside diameter of tubular to be stretched (inches)
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Stretch in Drill String

Then: Lfree(ft) = DL (in) x [OD (in)2 ID (in)2] x 1,963.5 F (1,000 lbs)
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Tubular Free Point Calculation

1. Note the following information:
a) b) c) d) Drill string data (diameters and weights) Buoyancy Factor Traveling Block weight (includes T. Block, Bails, Kelly or Top Drive) Drill string weight before stuck
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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Calculate the weight of the string (drill string, tubing or casing) in mud. Calculate the maximum overpull margin on the string (maximum allowable pull weight of string in mud) Pull on the string until the weight indicator shows a pull of T1=string weight + 10% of the maximum safe overpull Draw a mark at the rotary table / kelly bushing level Increase the pull to string weight + 20% of maximum safe overpull. Return to pulling string weight + 10% of the maximum overpull.

STUCK PIPE

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Tubular Free Point Calculation

1st OPERATION
1st Mark
String Weight Rotary Table
T1=SW + 10% MOP
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Fig 1 1st Mark Increase SW+20% MOP T1=SW+ 10% MOP

Fig 2 Datum line A 2nd Mark

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Fig 3
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Fig 4

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Tubular Free Point Calculation

2nd OPERATION
Datum line A T1=SW+ 30% MOP 3rd Mark T1=SW+ 40% MOP Datum line A 3rd Mark
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Fig 5 Datum line A T1=SW+ 30% MOP 3rd Mark

Fig 6 Datum line A

DL

3rd Mark Datum line B 4rd Mark

4rd Mark
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Fig 7
STUCK PIPE

Fig 8

IPM

Free Point Indicator Tool

Reading Stretch The FPIT measures the pipe elongation over the distance between the two anchoring points. To determine if the pipe is stuck or free at a particular depth, the driller first pulls the normal weight corresponding to the buoyant weight of the entire string in the hole. The FPIT is then positioned, and an additional pull at surface is applied to the pipe. The tool gives a strain measurement. Reading Torque Measures the twist strain between the two anchoring points. The anchors transmits the pipe deformation to a linear sensor. The ratio of this torque value computed by the program gives the free percentage in torque

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Free Point Indicator Tool

Taking Data Tie in CCL depths with the driller first by checking a prominent feature in BHA. Then record CCL log to 1000 above estimated stuck point. Take readings in both stretch and torque every 90 (every 3 connections) starting about 500 above the suspected stuck point. Once the stuck point determined, reduce the measurement intervals to 30 and take a few readings on either side of stuck point. Interpretation The free point is selected as the deepest point at which the pipe can be backed-off and recovered. To cover all possible manners in which the pipe can be stuck requires both torque and stretch readings.

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Free Point Indicator Tool

Interpretation Four typical cases of stuck pipe are given on the following slides. One may not be able to determine which cases exactly fit, however, if the torque and stretch reading are > 80% of free pipe (in Torque and Stretch), the pipe will most likely backoff.
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Free Point Indicator Tool Interpretation

Interpretation 1. Straight hole, straight pipe, stuck in drill collars Both stretch and torque reading show the stuck point in the same DC Where there is a little wall friction, a sharp drop off in both readings observed below the stuck point The pipe is considered recoverable when torque and stretch indicate 80-85% of free readings.
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STUCK PIPE

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Free Point Indicator Tool

Interpretation 2. Differential or packed stuck pipe In this case,transmission of pull and torque becomes more difficult The readings decreases below collar B, pipe should be backedoff either at collar A or collar B Pipe should be backed-off at the collar nearest 80 to 85% of the reading in free pipe

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Free Point Indicator Tool

Interpretation 3. Straight hole, extremely crooked pipe This case illustrates the inability to obtain normal torque in a badly bent string Normal stretch and torque for this string are read above collar B Below collar B, stretch reading is normal but torque reading is decreasing with increasing depth Normal torque reading can often be obtained below collar B by applying an overpull on the pipe The Backoff should be performed where the torque readings is still high
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Free Point Indicator Tool

Interpretation 4. Crooked Deviated Wells In deviated wells it is normally possible to transmit torque deeper than stretch The torque reading is often a function of the pull on pipe. Generally, best torque transmission is obtained at relatively low values of pull Some judgment must be exercised in what can be backed-off. While a Backoff may at times be made with less than 25 % stretch reading, it is not recommended to attempt a backoff without a torque reading of 50 % free pipe
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FPIT Example

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Backoff Procedure
Basic requirements to assure successful Backoff 1. 2. 3. 4. Tighten up the entire pipe string with torque 30% higher than the value that will be used for backing off, and work this torque down. Count how many turns come back. When the same amount of right hand turns come back, the pipe is ready to back off. Have the connection to be unscrewed in slightly in tension
The FPIT tool can be an excellent indicator of torque / tension being transmitted to the connection to be backed off Use It !

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5.

Apply sufficient left hand torque to the connection to be unscrewed

First, apply LH torque and gradually work down hole to the connection that has been chosen to attempt to backoff. Apply to 1 LH turn per 1000of drill pipe. Apply as much left-hand torque that can be safely transmitted to the joint without risking a mechanical backoff somewhere else in the drill string. Place the buoyed string weight at the neutral point of the connection, plus a slight overpull ( 2,000 to 10,000 lb ).
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Backoff Procedure
Backoff Torque recommendations Steel Drill Pipe
Backoff depth (ft) 0 4,000 4,000 9,000 Over 9,000 Rounds per 1,000 - -1 -1
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Pipe in unknown condition requires discretion as low grade, badly worn or fatigued pipe may not accept the average values given in the table above

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Backoff Procedure
5. Accurately position and fire a string shot of adequate strength at the Backoff point.
The size of the shot must be strong enough to Backoff tool joint without splitting the pipe body. This can be calculated by using WL tables for the diameter of the pipe.

Applying sufficient left torque to the string and properly working it down to the Backoff point prior to firing the explosive charge is often the most critical and difficult part of the operation.

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STUCK PIPE

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Backoff Procedure
Determination of the proper Backoff weight Theoretically the connection to be backed off should be in a neutral tension condition. However, experience shows that is better to have the joint slightly in tension rather than in compression. Three different approaches may be used to determine the exact pull at surface: 1. 2. Calculate buoyant weight of pipe down to the back off point. Pull this amount plus 10 % of buoyant weight above stuck point. Obtain tension, when moving up before sticking from the drillers log. Subtract the weight of the fish to be left in the hole and add 10% of buoyant weight above stuck point Use FPIT measurements to determine what kind of over pull puts the string in tension where the pipe is going to be backed off and use this value plus 5 Klbs overpull.
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3.

IPM

Backoff Procedure
Determination of the proper Backoff weight Corrections Note whether or not the weight of the block was included when the weight indicator was zeroed Check if the weight of kelly in the string is included in the readings The mud pumps should be turned while taking the load readings.

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STUCK PIPE

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Backoff Preparation

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Excessive Primacord

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Questions / Comments

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