Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Page 1
Cover
Page 2
Cover
Page 3
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
1.2 Copyright, Confidentiality and Security The copyright of this document is vested with Shell Global Solutions International B. V., The Hague, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document or software may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. This software product shall only be used by companies which have a service agreement with Shell Global Solutions International B.V. or have obtained written permission to use this product. 1.3. Details of third party licenses This package does not contain any third party license material.
1.4. Support for software supplied to customers Formal training is not available for this software package. For questions, remarks and support for this spreadsheet, please contact the custodian: Ed De Saegher OGNL - OGLM Shell Global Solutions International Postbus 541 2501 CM Den Haag The Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0)70 377 2515 or +31 (0)6 5512 4912 Fax: +31 (0) 70 377 2943 email: ed.desaegher@shell.com
2. The workbook
The computer program consists of six sheets. They all are write-protected, to avoid inadvertent erasure of the formulae or range names. These sheets are described in the sections underneath. 2.1 Cover sheet This is the first thing that you will see when you open this workbook. It is automatically loaded on start-up and corresponds to the Cover tab.
2.2 Guidelines This is where you are at the moment. It corresponds to the Introduction tab. You can print this sheet by pressing the button. Print
192346286.xls.ms_office
Introduction
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
This corresponds to the Floating Roof tab. This sheet will enable you to calculate hydrocarbon emissions from: - External Floating Roof Tanks (EFRTs); - Fixed Roof tanks with Internal Floating Roof Tanks (IFRTs); - Floating Roof tanks with domes, often referred to as Covered Floating Roof Tanks (CFRTs). Colour codes The following colour codes have been used for the fonts: Blue User input required: these are the only cells that are not write-protected. Black Calculated cell. Red Used to highlight specific items, e.g.. provide guidelines. Input requirements - General information: location, author, etc. - Climatic data - Ambient temperature in C. - Wind speed in m/s. - Atmospheric pressure in mbara. - Product data - Name and any comments. - Type: crude oil or product. - Net throughput in tonnes. This corresponds to the total quantity of stock withdrawn from the tank. If filling and emptying occur simultaneously so that the liquid level does not change, the net throughput is zero during the period concerned. Thus, the net throughput is not necessarily the total amount of hydrocarbons drawn from the tank. - Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) in mbara. - The slope of the distillation curve at 10% evaporated in C/10%. This information is not required for crude oils. - Average density of the liquid at the average stock temperature in C. - Density of the condensed vapour in kg/m3. - Molecular weight of the condensed vapour in kg/kmol. Note that information may be partly available in the Product Data sheet. - Tank data - Type: EFRT, IFRT or CFRT (External Floating Roof Tank, Internal Floating Roof Tank, Covered Floating Roof Tank) - Type: Vertical or Horizontal tank - Tank diameter in m. - Shell condition. - Tank colour. - Storage temperature in C. If this information is not available, leave the cell blank: the spreadsheet will make an assessment of this value. - Deck construction: welded or bolted; refer to the notes for guidance in the appropriate cells. - Deck seam length factors in m/m2; refer to the notes for guidance in the appropriate cells. - Seals - Seal fitting: average or tight fitting. - Seal type. A wide selection is available here. Enter 1 against the appropriate type. - Deck fittings If the type and number of fittings (see below) is not known, enter 0. The spreadsheet will calculate typical types and numbers from the information you have entered so far. If this information is available, enter 1 and go to the Deck Fittings Selection Screen further down. Please carefully read the notes attached to the various cells and the guidelines given in each section (highlighted in red). The following fittings have been taken into account: - Guide poles / sample wells, - Access Hatches, - Fixed Roof Support Columns, including the effective column diameter, - Gauge-floats (automatic gauge), - Gauge-hatch / sample ports, - Vacuum breakers, - Deck Drains (directly draining into product), - Deck Legs, - Rim Vents, - Ladders passing through the deck. Spreadsheet operation In order to improve the ease of operation, a number of buttons are available to you: - The spreadsheet is normally protected and most of the calculations are hidden. However, if you wish to see them Unprotect or add columns to your spreadsheet, click on - If, for whatever reason, you have unprotected the spreadsheet, you are strongly advised to protect it again in order to avoid overtyping formulae. To do so, click on Protect
Print - To print, simply click on However, be aware that the macro will try and fit all the data in one single page; hence, if you have added columns the printed output may become very small indeed. In order to overcome this, change the settings, for example select File Page Setup Page Scaling Fit to 2 page(s) wide by 1 tall OK. Do not forget to save the workbook!
192346286.xls.ms_office
Introduction
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
Adding columns An allowance has been made for four columns. You may find this a bit restrictive at times. If you wish to have more, do the following: - Unprotect the spreadsheet. - Select one full column. DO NOT SELECT THE FIRST OR THE LAST COLUMN, as this would affect the built-in Print ranges. - Select Edit Copy Insert Copied Cells OK - Protect the spreadsheet. - Save the workbook. Hiding cell notes If you do not wish to display the notes attached to the cells, do the following: - Select Tools Options - Select the View tab and disable Note Indicator Equations The spreadsheet makes integral use of the information and equations laid out in: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19--Evaporative Loss Measurement Section 2--Evaporative Loss From Floating-Roof Tanks FIRST EDITION, APRIL 1997 (FORMERLY, API PUBLICATIONS 2517 AND 2519) published by the American Petroleum Institute. It is thus not the intention to repeat this information here. If you are interested, we advise you to order your copy from API, at the following address: API Publications and Distribution 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, D.C. 20005-4070 USA Limitations The equations of the worksheet were developed for properly maintained equipment under normal working conditions for none boiling products. So for tanks with all weather shields intact, no leaks, seals with no gaps more than 2 cm wide over more than 50 cm, no oil on the deck etc. From DIAL emission measurements made by Shell Global Solutions followed that not well maintained tanks could have an emission 10 -100 times higher than calculated. This means that one bad maintained tank This means that one bad maintained tank can have a higher emission than the rest of the tank farm !!! From the DIAL emission measurments followed also that on average the measured emissions for floating roof tanks were a factor 2 to 4 higher than predicted by the API method. Therefore if the seals and the fittings are not regularly inspected (once a year a visual inspection of the whole seal and of all the fittings) it is adviced to multiply the calculated emissions by a factor 2 to 4. Seals and fittings can also be inspected by using a hand held electronic hydrocarbon sniffer (explosion proof). If the floating roof is at a high position the sniffer can be used to identify rapidly leaking seals and fittings. For a tank which is known to be in a bad state it is adviced to multiply the calculated emission by at least a factor 10. 2.4 Emissions from fixed roof tanks This corresponds to the Fixed Roof tab. As the name indicates, this sheet will enable you to calculate hydrocarbon emissions from fixed roof tanks. Colour codes See 2.3 above. Input requirements - General information: location, author, etc. - Climatic data - Daily maximum ambient temperature in C. - Daily minimum ambient temperature in C. - Average stock temperature in C. If this information is not available, leave the cell blank: the spreadsheet will make an assessment for this value. - Daily total solar insolation on a horizontal surface in W/m2. - Atmospheric pressure in mbara. - Product data - Name and any comments. - Type: crude oil or product. - Net throughput in tonnes. This corresponds to the total quantity of stock withdrawn from the tank. If filling and
192346286.xls.ms_office
Introduction
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
emptying occur simultaneously so that the liquid level does not change, the net throughput is zero during the period concerned. Thus, the net throughput is not necessarily the total amount of hydrocarbons drawn from the tank. - Reid Vapour Pressure in mbara. - True Vapour Pressure (RVP) in mbara. - The slope of the distillation curve at 10% evaporated in C/10%. This information is not required for crude oils. - Average density of the liquid at the average stock temperature in C. - Density of the condensed vapour in kg/m3. - Molecular weight of the condensed vapour in kg/kmol. Note that information may be partly available in the Product Data sheet. - Tank data - Tank diameter in m. - Tank shell height in m. - Maximum liquid height in m. - Average liquid height in m. - Roof type: cone or dome - For cone roof only: slope of cone roof in m; refer to the notes for guidance in the appropriate cells. - For dome roof only: dome radius in m; refer to the notes for guidance in the appropriate cells. - Pressure setting of the breather vent in mbar. - Vacuum setting of the breather vent in mbar; this figure is either 0 or negative. - Solar absorptance of the paint - For the roof. - For the shell. Spreadsheet operation See 2.3 above. Adding columns See 2.3 above. Hiding cell notes See 2.3 above. Equations The spreadsheet makes integral use of the information and equations laid out in: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19--Evaporative Loss Measurement Section 1--Evaporative Loss From Fixed-Roof Tanks (FORMERLY API PUBLICATION 2518) THIRD EDITION, MARCH 2002 published by the American Petroleum Institute. It is thus not the intention to repeat this information here. If you are interested, we advise you to order your copy from API, at the following address: API Publications and Distribution 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, D.C. 20005-4070 USA Limitations The equations of the worksheet were developed for properly maintained equipment under normal working conditions for none boiling products. The accuracy of the emission calculation for fixed roof tanks is much better than for floating roof tanks. However the accuracy can not be expected to be better than +/- 50% for an individual tank. 2.5 Key crude and product information This corresponds to the Product Data tab. It is meant to give you indications on key properties for a range of crudes, feedstocks and products, required for the assessment of hydrocarbon emissions from storage tanks, oils, namely: - Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) in mbara; - Slope of the distillation curve at 10% evaporated (S) in C/10%; - Liquid product density at 15 C (Wl) in kg/m3; - Vapour product density at 15 C (Wv) in kg/m3; - Vapour molecular weight (Mv) in kg/kmol; - Initial Boiling point (IBP) in C.
2.6 Macro sheet It corresponds to the Macro tab. The various routines allow you to print, protect and unprotect the various spreadsheets. If the protection features are activated, this sheet is hidden.
192346286.xls.ms_office
Introduction
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
E n d o
T1253
T1254
T1263
1 0
69.3
Ts T-constr Sd Seals
34.0 0.00
Seals fitting (average = 0, tight =1) Select type of seal by putting 1 against the appropriate seal. * Mechanical-shoe seal, welded tanks primary only (most typical seal for EFRT/CFRT) primary + shoe mounted secondary primary + rim mounted secondary * Liquid-mounted resilient-filled seal primary only primary + weather shield primary + rim mounted secondary * Vapour-mounted resilient seal primary only (most typical seal for IFRT) primary + 'weather shield primary + rim mounted secondary * Mechanical-shoe seal, riveted tanks primary only shoe mounted secondary primary + rim mounted secondary Deck Fittings Df-known Number/type of deck fittings: known = 1, unknown = 0
1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 1 or 0
1 or 0 1 If the number of deck fittings is known (Df-known =1), select fittings on the "Deck Fittings Selection Screen" below. If Df-known = 0 is entered, typical types and numbers of deck fittings will be used automatically in the calculations.
T1103 0.75 1.08 0.00 1.83 0.17 2.00 1.56 2.24 0.00 3.80 0.22 4.02
T1104 0.29 0.42 0.00 0.71 0.37 1.08 0.61 0.87 0.00 1.48 0.44 1.92
T1105 0.25 0.39 0.00 0.64 0.38 1.01 0.52 0.80 0.00 1.33 0.45 1.78
T1106 0.44 0.69 0.00 1.12 0.42 1.54 0.91 1.43 0.00 2.34 0.50 2.84
T1107 0.40 0.49 0.00 0.89 0.42 1.31 0.83 1.02 0.00 1.85 0.51 2.35
T1108 0.31 0.37 0.00 0.67 0.52 1.20 0.64 0.77 0.00 1.40 0.61 2.01
T1109 0.40 0.50 0.00 0.90 0.35 1.24 0.83 1.04 0.00 1.87 0.40 2.27
T1110 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #DIV/0! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! #DIV/0! #NUM!
T1111 0.36 0.46 0.00 0.82 0.58 1.41 0.76 0.96 0.00 1.71 0.68 2.39
T1253 2.24 4.71 0.00 6.95 0.05 7.00 3.53 7.41 0.00 10.94 0.08 11.02
T1254 1.71 4.42 0.00 6.14 0.04 6.18 2.70 6.96 0.00 9.66 0.06 9.72
T1263 1.68 4.49 0.00 6.17 0.00 6.18 2.65 7.07 0.00 9.72 0.00 9.72
T1259 0.86 2.10 0.00 2.96 0.01 2.97 1.35 3.28 0.00 4.62 0.02 4.64
T1260 0.87 2.11 0.00 2.97 0.01 2.99 1.35 3.29 0.00 4.65 0.02 4.67
T1276 1.89 3.09 0.00 4.99 0.04 5.02 2.96 4.83 0.00 7.79 0.05 7.84
T1277 1.77 2.89 0.00 4.65 0.10 4.75 2.76 4.51 0.00 7.27 0.13 7.40
T1264 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.07
T1261 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.10 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.13
T1262 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.13
192346286.xls.ms_office
Floating roof
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
T1582
T1583
T1273
T1275
T1221
T1216
T1229
T1230
T1218
T1214
T1215
T1217
T1219
T1231
T1232
T1251
T1270
T1601
T1222
T1223
T1224
T1225
T1226
T1271
T1272
0 226,574 2.7 0.0204 1.48 822 730 129 0 25.0 22.6 21.4 8.4 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 n/a 2.1 (2.1) n/a n/a n/a
0 236,644 2.7 0.0131 1.48 827 730 129 0 36.1 22.5 21.4 9.1 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 n/a 2.1 (2.1)
0 67,331 2.7 0.0120 1.48 828 730 129 0 25.0 22.5 21.0 6.3 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 n/a 2.1 (2.1)
0 681,049 2.7 0.0120 1.48 828 730 129 0 36.0 21.5 20.1 8.4 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 n/a 2.1 (2.1)
0 194,089 0.9 0.0079 1.82 808 740 144 0 34.1 14.3 12.9 6.8 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 n/a 2.1 (2.1)
0 48,266 0.9 0.0033 1.82 817 740 144 0 21.3 12.5 11.5 6.3 n/a n/a 0 0.0625 n/a 2.1 (2.1)
0 62,051 0.9 0.0033 1.82 817 740 144 0 21.3 13.1 11.5 5.0 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 n/a 2.1 (2.1)
0 56,732 0.9 0.0031 1.82 817 740 144 0 21.3 13.3 11.5 5.8 n/a n/a 0 0.2000 2.1 (2.1)
0 76,290 0.3 0.0036 2.01 834 780 157 0 42.7 15.2 13.9 8.4 n/a n/a
0 48,448 2.7 0.0350 1.48 816 730 129 0 21.3 13.1 11.5 8.3 n/a n/a
0 95,846 2.7 0.0281 1.48 819 730 129 0 21.3 13.1 11.5 5.6 n/a n/a
0 33,991 2.7 0.0154 1.48 825 730 129 0 21.3 12.4 11.5 6.4 n/a n/a
0 57,333 0.09 0.0022 1.94 916 780 170 0 42.7 15.5 13.9 10.4
0 157,489 0.09 0.0085 1.94 903 780 170 0 39.1 23.1 20.9 13.1 n/a n/a
0 167,328 0.09 0.0080 1.94 904 780 170 0 39.1 23.1 20.9 15.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a
0 17,928 370.1 5.4604 0.56 698 650 76 0 14.6 19.5 17.4 7.0 n/a n/a
0 47,403 370.1 5.7730 0.56 697 650 76 0 34.1 18.9 17.3 8.4 n/a n/a
0 22,114 370.1 5.6848 0.56 697 650 76 0 14.6 13.8 12.2 6.9 n/a n/a
0 60,478 7.3 0.0533 0.65 775 730 130 0 15.2 11.7 10.3 6.1 n/a n/a
0 37,853 7.3 0.0500 0.65 776 730 130 0 10.6 16.2 14.5 6.7 n/a n/a
0 75,666 7.3 0.0483 0.65 776 730 130 0 15.2 13.0 11.5 8.2 n/a n/a
0 46,535 7.3 0.0400 0.65 778 730 130 0 15.2 12.5 11.5 4.7 n/a n/a
0 32,840 7.3 0.0412 0.65 778 730 130 0 14.6 15.7 13.9 8.3
0 187,882 7.3 0.0379 0.65 779 730 130 0 27.5 19.5 17.5 10.3 n/a n/a n/a n/a
0 170,391 7.3 0.0419 0.65 778 730 130 0 27.5 19.5 17.5 9.7
Vertical or Horizontal Tank : Vertical =0, Horizontal =1 D Tank diameter Hs Tank shell height Hlx Maximum liquid height Hl Average liquid height Dh Diameter of a vertical cross-section of the horizontal tank Lh Length of the Horizontal Tank T-roof Roof type: cone roof =0, dome roof =1 Sr Slope of cone roof (only for cone roof) Rr Dome radius (only for dome roof tank) P bp Breather vent pressure setting P bv Breather vent vacuum setting (enter 0 or negative number) Solar absorptance of paint
Paint color Aluminium specular Aluminium diffuse White Light Grey Medium Grey Red Primer Good paint condition 0.39 0.60 0.17 0.54 0.68 0.89 Poor paint condition 0.49 0.68 0.34 0.63 0.74 0.91
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.0625 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 0.0625 0.0625 0.2000 0.2000 0.2000 101.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1) (2.1)
Alpha-r Alpha-s
192346286.xls.ms_office
Fixed Roof
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
Product Data
RVP
Reid Vapour Pressure mbara
S
Slope distillation curve at 10% evaporated C/10%
Wl
Liquid Product Density at 15 C kg/m3
Wv
Vapour Product Density at 15 C kg/m3
Mv
Vapour Molecular Weight kg/kmol
IBP
Initial Boiling Point C
Chemical Formula
Oil Products Gasoline range Motor Gasoline (summer quality) Motor Gasoline (winter quality) Aviation Gasoline Gas Condensate/ Natural Gasoline Full Range Naphtha Light Naphta/Isomer Feed/Tops Heavy Naphtha/Platormer Feed i-Pentane Stabilised Isomerate Stabilised Alkylate Stabilised Full Range Platformate Stabilised Light Platformate Benzene Heartcut (50% benzene) Heavy Platformate Stabilised Light Cat Cracked Gasoline Stabilised Full Range Cat Cracked Gasoline Heavy Cat Cracked Gasoline MTBE Kerosene range Jet naphtha (JP 4) Jet A1 (flash point 40 C) Jet A1 (flash point 50 C) Gasoil range Gasoil/Diesel (flash point 60 C) Gasoil/Diesel (flash point 80 C) Light Gasoil (flash point 80 C) Heavy Gasoil (flash point 100 C) Heavy Gasoil (flash point 120 C) Residual Fueloil/Bitumen Fueloil (flash point 60 C) Fueloil (flash point 80 C) - LCO Fueloil (flash point 100 C) - HCO Fueloil/Residue (flash point 120 C) Bitumen (flash point 200 C) Cutback (flash point 40 C) Cutback (flash point 60 C) Petrochemicals Paraffins i-Pentane n-Pentane i-Hexane n-Hexane n-Heptane n-Octane n-Nonane n-Decane Cycloparaffins Cyclopentane Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane Aromatic Hydrocarbons
700 900 450 800 370 800 150 1375 1000 300 375 1100 250 50 900 500 100 539
0.9 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.077 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 -0.0012
750 750 720 670 710 655 730 625 650 710 800 650 790 860 690 750 805 740
620 606 650 625 650 635 695 625 630 650 640 620 765 835 635 640 750 740
68 65 76 71 76 73 87 72 72 76 71 69 82 92 73 73 80 88
48 40 62 44 67 44 92 28 37 73 69 34 75 117 42 58 102 55 C5 - C10, small amount C4 C5 - C10, small amount C4 C5 - C6, small amount C4 C6 - C10 C5H11 iC5 + iC6, small amount C4 iC5-iC9 C5 - C10, small amount C4 C5 -C6, small amount C4 C6 C7-C10 C5-C7 C5-C10 C7-C10 C5H12O
76 130 132
83 164 182
70 84 98
49 81 101
192346286.xls.ms_office
Product Data
Evaporative Emissions from Storage Tanks - Property of OGBH/3, Shell Global Solutions, Shell International Oil Products B.V.
CONFIDENTIAL
Product Data
RVP
Reid Vapour Pressure mbara
S
Slope distillation curve at 10% evaporated C/10%
Wl
Liquid Product Density at 15 C kg/m3
Wv
Vapour Product Density at 15 C kg/m3
Mv
Vapour Molecular Weight kg/kmol
IBP
Initial Boiling Point C
Chemical Formula
Oil Products Benzene Toluene Styrene Ethylbenzene o-Xylene Isopropylbenzene Naphthalene Alcohols Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Allyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Tertiary butyl alcohol Furfuryl alcohol Esters Methyl acetate Vinyl acetate Methyl acetate Ethyl acetate Methyl methacrylate Ethers Diethyl ether MTBE Amines Diethyl amine Chlorine compounds Methylene chloride Chloroform Carbon tetrachloride Vinylidene chloride 1,2 Dichloroethane Trichlorethylene 1,1,1-Trichlorethane Allyl chloride Cynano compounds Acrylonitrile Phenols Phenol o-Cresol Sulphur compounds Carbon disulphide
167 63 19 25 17 12 0.37
32 46 58 60 74 98
65 78 97 82 82 170
74 86 86 88 100
57 73 81 77 100
998 539
-0.2 0.0
719 740
719 740
74 88
34 55
C4H10O C5H12O
480
0.0
712
712
73
56
C4H11N
40 61 77 37 83 87 74 45
244
0.0
806
806
53
78
C3H3N
1.9 1.4
0.6 0.4
1071 1048
1071 1048
94 108
182 191
C6H6O C7H8O
702
0.0
1269
1269
76
46
CS2
192346286.xls.ms_office
Product Data