Collection Development Process

CD in the Different Types of Libraries Information Needs Assessment Collection Development Process

Collection Development in the Different Types of Libraries

School Public

Academic

Special

Remember . . .

There is no single plan to cover or fit the collection development requirements of all types of libraries

Objectives

To understand collection development practices in the different types of libraries; and

To analyze the collection development process in different types of libraries.

Types of Libraries

Public

Libraries School Library and Media Academic Libraries Special Libraries

enter

Public Library! "asic #escription

Authorized by la ; !upported by public fund; Provides e"ual access to all members of the public; #ifts or donations may supplement its collection; $sually administered by a %oard; &or's ith public officials( other libraries( library associations and the public.

)#ates( *++,-

Public Library! Objectives

To promote an enli.htened citizenry; To provide the opportunity( materials and encoura.ement( and stimulation for continuin. self/education; To serve the community inside and outside the library alls.

)#ates( *++,-

School Library! "asic #escription

0as ma1or role in the development and improvement of the instructional pro.rams of the school; 2uality is measured by compliance to e3istin. standards; An instructional media center hich serves as a center for boo's( other printed materials( A4 materials( and other media devoted to aid in learnin.. )#ates( *++,-

School Library! $oals

Provide access to information thru5

Curricular learnin. activities that help students achieve information literacy 6 contribute to life/lon. learnin. Collection of diverse resources in all formats ac"uired inside 6 outside Collaboration 6 assistance to teachers in use of instructional7information technolo.y

Academic Library! "asic #escription

To aid the institution it serves in carryin. out of its academic plans and pro.rams; To provide information services in support of the teachin.( research( and public service mission of the academic institution it serves.

)#ates( *++,-

Academic Library! Mission% $oal% &unction

Mission: To contribute to the .oals of the colle.e or university of hich it is a part and to the ider scholarly community Goal5 Pertains to teachin.( learnin.( research and public service Function: To provide biblio.raphical and physical access to boo's and other information sources re"uired to support the diverse missions of various academic and research institutions

Special Library! "asic #escription

A library or information center maintained by an individual corporation( association( .overnment a.ency( or any other .roup; It aims to or.anize and disseminate information and offer services to specialized clients ith the end/vie of achievin. or.anizational mandate.

Special Library! #efinition and Objectives

ALA

(American Library Association): a library established( supported( and administered by a business firm( private corporation( association( .overnment a.ency( or other special/interest .roup or a.ency to meet the information needs of its members or staff in pursuin. the .oals of the or.anization. (Special Library Association): a library that provides focused( or'in. information to a special clientele on an on/ .oin. basis to further the mission and .oals of the parent or.anization.

SLA

Summary
The size, nature, and content o the library collection depend upon the ob!ecti"es o the library and the needs o its clientele#$
)#ates( *++,-

Information Needs Assessment

Community Analysis

Information Needs Analysis Needs Analysis Needs Assessment 8ole Analysis Information Audit $ser !tudies

9ar'et Analysis

%asic Differences

ommunity community; library-

Analysis : broad study of service purpose is for plannin. process )public

'nformation audit% needs analysis% needs assessment : applies to small tar.et .roups )special library( information centers(ser studies : denote research pro1ects desi.ned to .ain insi.ht into ho ( hy( hen( and here people see' information and use information resources. Mar)et analysis : study of communities or people to assess the interest in( or reactions to( a service or product.

*hy do these assessment + studies + analyses,

To

ensure that the collection ill provide the desired information at the desired time; To plan on ho to allocate limited resources to serve a ide ran.e of interests; Data collected are valuable in policy formulation( selection activities( and evaluation pro1ects

ommunity Analysis
-eeds *ants

: situation that re"uires solution

: thin.s that the .roup or person is illin. to e3pend time( effort( or money to ac"uire : thin.s the .roup or person ants and is illin. to act in concert to ac"uire

#emands

 Formal

Group - e.g., community center, PTAs, Professional Associations Group e.g., friends, colleagues, and organizations not designed as formal group information sources

Informal

Level of Education Level of Income Cultural Bac ground !roup "em#ers$ips, affiliations Economic considerations

%ncovers facts of everyday life of t$e service community& %nderstand t$e needs t$at pus$ t$e individual into information-see ing #e$avior& %nderstand t$e meaning of information in people's day to day lives& and (esign more cost-effective information system.

(eveloping collections& Planning ne* services& Locating service points& Assessing p$ysical facility re+uirements& Ad,usting staffing patterns& and Assessing collections and services and planning #udgets.

-$y a person does or does not use a particular product or service. /o* t$e person uses t$e product 0service. -$ere t$e person ac+uires and uses t$e product. -$at is good or #ad a#out t$e product or services. -$at ne* product0services *ould #e of interest. /o* muc$ a person is *illing to e1pend in terms of time, money and effort for a special product 0service.

Careful planning 2ound 3esearc$ "et$ods

2ample 2ize Pretesting re+uirements 4uestion #ias Intervie*er influence

Is t$e target population no*ledgea#le or interested enoug$ to respond to comple1 +uestions. Is t$ere a trained staff availa#le to carry out t$e pro,ect. To *$at e1tent *ill t$e data accurately reflect t$e attitudes, opinions, needs, and issues important to respondents. /o* *ill you analyze t$e data. -ill t$e survey process result in unrealistic e1pectations in #ot$ respondents and staff.

) Personnel to conduct t$e study& Types of data needed& "et$od of study 5 $o* and *$ere data is to #e collected. "et$od of interpretation& "et$ods of Presentation&

 Budget 6um#er

and +ualifications of e1isting personnel (ept$ and #readt$ of t$e study

/istorical data !eograp$ical information Transportation availa#ility data Legal issues0data Political information (emograp$ic data Economic data Communications system 2ocial and Educational 7rganizations Cultural and 3ecreational 7rganizations 7t$er Community Information 2ervices

Methods of Study
8ey Informant Community forum 2ocial indicators 9ield survey

:Tabulation method :Statistical analysis

Factors to be considered:

Normative Needs Felt Needs Expressed Needs Comparative Needs

: Advanced 2tatistical Analysis : Advanced !roup discussions ;focus group< : (escriptive summaries, c$arts, diagrams, visual aids
Factors to be considered:
)

C$aracter of t$e community Type of survey Intended audience

)
7#,ectives "et$odology List

of Identified Pro#lem Areas 3ecommendations 5 realistic and economical

Collection Development Policy

Objective

To e3amine the components of collection development policies

library;s master plan for buildin. and maintainin. its collection; .uidelines for buildin. the collection of information resources( electronic and print( to meet the information needs of the library; Also includes .uidelines hen considerin. hich areas of the collection to au.ment and determine ho much emphasis to .ive each area; !erve as reference point to .uide or frame or' ithin hich individuals can e3ercise 1ud.ment .

!election policies often omit references to evaluation( deselection and information freedom; Ac"uisition policies focus on the mechanics or ac"uirin. materials.

<veryone has a reference point Provides frame or' ithin hich individuals can e3ercise 1ud.ment

Informs everyone about the nature and scope of the collection and collectin. priorities 8e"uires analyzin. or.anizational priorities for the collection Demands a de.ree of commitment to meetin. or.anization;s .oals !ets standards for inclusion and e3clusion 9inimizes personal biases or influences of sin.le selector Provides trainin. and orientation tool for ne employees

0elps ensure a de.ree of consistency overtime re.ardless of staff turnover Provides .uide on ho Aids in to handle complains

eedin. and evaluatin. collection

0elps in rationalizin. the fund allocation Provides public relations document Provides basis of assessin. overall performance of collection Development pro.ram !erves an accountability tool hich informs outsiders of the collection development basis

Assure continuity and consistency in the collectin. pro.ram despite chan.es in staff and fundin. CDP can be used as the foundation for the development of a practical manual or handboo' to assist librarians in the selection and ac"uisition of materials for the library

8e"uires lar.e "uantities of data

the stren%ths and &ea'nesses o the collection, the community you are ser"in% and ho& it is chan%in%, other resources a"ailable to your patrons locally or accessible throu%h interlibrary loan

8e"uire a .reat deal of thou.ht

A policy must chan%e to re lect the chan%in% community( )pdatin% ta'es time

:=vervie :Details of !ub1ect Areas and >ormats Collected :9iscellaneous Issues

=r.anizational missions and .oals. A brief .eneral description of the service community )to n( country( school or business-. !pecific identification of the service clientele. A .eneral statement re.ardin. the parameters of the collection. A detailed description of the types of pro.rams or patron needs that the collection must meet.

Prioritizin. types and titles Collection Assessment 9anual

#ifts and e3chan.e pro.rams Deselection and discard <valuation Complaints and Censorship

.lement /! Miscellaneous 'ssues

$ifts and .0change Program

No donated item is ever ?free@ A ritten policy must ma'e it clear hether the library accepts only items matchin. the collection profile or accepts anythin. ith the provision that the library may dispose of un anted items in any manner deemed appropriate

Is it better to accept all .ifts( re.ardless of the conditions attached to them( or should the library avoid conditional .iftsA

.lement /! Miscellaneous 'ssues

#eselection and #iscard

<ven lar.est libraries must decide hat materials to store in less accessible facilities; all lar.e libraries have some type of limited/access stora.e facility. The policy statement records staff decisions re.ardin. the criteria( scope( fre"uency( and purpose of a deselection pro.ram.

.lement /! Miscellaneous 'ssues

ollection .valuation

The policy should indicate hether the evaluation process is for internal purposes( for comparative purposes or perhaps for revie in. selectors; 1ob performance.

.lement /! Miscellaneous 'ssues

omplaints and

ensorship

!teps to be ta'en in handlin. complaints about the collection. It is important that the library establish procedures for handlin. complaints before the first complaint arises.

Creation7Identification of Policy Committee 9embers Determination of preliminary concerns >ormulation of the draft policy 8evie ( revision and approval of the draft Policy implementation and dissemination Continuous evaluation

=b1ectives of the Library >unctions of the Library Community and its needs Purpose of selection process Conte3t of selection Authority of selection 8esponsibility for implementation Priorities Controversial issues

!tatement of censorship Cate.ories of inclusion !tatement on >reedom to 8ead !election criteria Collection standards Collection development tar.ets !election methods Ac"uisitions cate.ories 6 covera.e =rderin. method

8eferences5
<vans( # <. )B,,C-. Developin. library and information center collections( Cth ed. Connecticut5 Libraries $nlimited. #ates( D.E. )*++,-. Introduction to Librarianship. #orman( #.<. and %.8. 0o es. )*+F+-. *ollection +e"elopment or Librarians# London5 %o 'er/!aur( *+F+# Dohnson( P. )B,,G-. >undamentals of collection development and mana.ement. Chica.o5 ALA.