ST0025805A 1-109

Lesson 3: Network ProtocoIs

At a GIance
SInco svIfchos ufIIIzo bofh Iuyor 2 und Iuyor 3 rofocoIs, If Is nocossury fo
undorsfund fho concof of nofvork uddrossIng und fho rofocoIs usod uf
bofh fho dufu IInk und nofvork Iuyor of fho OSI nodoI. SovoruI of fhoso
rofocoIs voro covorod In fho AeIKnouleJge 1nIerneIuorling
IunJonenIols und IouIing coursos. In uddIfIon fo rovIovIng rovIousIy
covorod uddrossIng rofocoIs, fhIs Iosson Infroducos fho concof of
dynunIcuIIy ussIgnIng TCI/II uddrossos. ynunIc Hosf ConfIgurufIon
IrofocoI, HCI, Is fho rofocoI fhuf Is usod fo dynunIcuIIy ussIgn
uddrossos fron u ooI of uvuIIubIo uddrossos.
What You WiII Learn
Affor conIofIng fhIs Iosson, you vIII bo ubIo fo:
IxIuIn hov svIfchos uso Iuyor 2 rofocoIs fo sognonf u nofvork und
obfuIn hurdvuro uddrossos
oscrIbo TCI/II rofocoIs und fhoIr roIufIonshI fo svIfchIng
IxIuIn fho funcfIon of IoofI, TITI, und A!I
oscrIbo HCI und oxIuIn Ifs Inorfunco In nofvorkIng
IfforonfIufo bofvoon !II und OSII
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-110 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Student Notes:
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-111
Tech TaIk
DutugvumIuckofs of dufu uf fho nofvork Iuyor.
IvumeIusIc unIf of dufu frunsfor uf OSI Iuyor 2.
Ivume Re!uyA WA rofocoI, uckof svIfchIng, connocfIonIoss
sorvIco.
PucketA busIc unIf of dufu frunsfor uf OSI Iuyor 3.
Pucket SwItcLIngA svIfchod connocfIon for WAs In vhIch dufu
fron nuny dIfforonf IAs nuy shuro u sIngIo cIrcuIf. ufu Is
oncusuIufod In uckofs (sonofInos cuIIod frunos or coIIs) for
frunsnIssIon.
SpunnIng Tvee A!govItLmAIgorIfhn usod fo onsuro u Ioo-froo
fooIogy by onubIIng u sIngIo ufh fhrough fho nofvork.
TvunsmIssIon Contvo! Pvotoco!/Intevnet Pvotoco! (TCP/IP)Tho
onfIro suIfo of rofocoIs usod InfornufIonuIIy fo uccoss fho Infornof.
Usev Dutugvum Pvotoco! (UDP)A connocfIonIoss frunsorf nofhod
usod fo frunsnIf nossugos bofvoon fho ofvork Munugononf Sysfon
(MS) und fho ugonf. !I Is u sfundurd nonbor of fho TCI/II
rofocoI suIfo.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-112 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Switching and Networking ProtocoIs
SvIfchIng hubs uro Iuyor 2 dovIcos und funcfIon uf fho dufu IInk Iuyor of
fho OSI nodoI. Thoy uro usod fo sourufo nofvorks Info IogIcuI sognonfs.
Iuch sognonf fhon boconos Ifs ovn coIIIsIon donuIn, yof If ronuIns In fho
suno broudcusf donuIn. ThIs roducos nofvork congosfIon bocuuso Iuyor 2
svIfchos forvurd dufu fo ofhor sognonfs onIy If If Is dosfInod for u dovIco
on fhuf ofhor sognonf. OnIy frunsnIssIons uddrossod fo dIfforonf
sognonfs cun uss fhrough fho svIfch. TrunsnIssIons uddrossod fo fho
suno sognonf sfuy vIfhIn fhuf sognonf. ThIs Is ucconIIshod by buIIdIng
u fubIo of fho MAC hurdvuro uddrossos und fhoIr corrosondIng orfs for
uII dovIcos connocfod fo fho nofvork.
Tho job of fho Iuyor 2 svIfch Is fo chock fho MAC uddross uguInsf fho orf
und sond fho dufu fo fho corrocf orf. Iuyor 2 svIfchos do nof broudcusf
fho nossugo fo fho ofhor orfs. ThIs suvos vuIuubIo bundvIdfh und uIIovs
nofvork nunugors fo confIguro nofvorkIng sognonfs In such u vuy fhuf
ouch dovIco cun huvo u dodIcufod connocfIon, fhus oIInInufIng coIIIsIons.
Iuyor 2 rofocoIs IncIudo Ifhornof, Tokon !Ing, und ofhor 802.x IIII
sfundurds. ufu IInk Iuyor rofocoIs don`f knov und don`f curo vhuf
rofocoIs uro runnIng on fho ubovo OSI Iuyors. Thoy cun fhoroforo connocf
dIfforonf nofvork fyos, for oxunIo, Ifhornof und Tokon !Ing.
Associating MAC Addresses with Ports

Ethernet LAN
11-e8-71-35-41-f5 33-56-91-62-31-71
Port 2
Ethernet LAN
01-67-15-cb-63-37 25-a7-d8-16-87-10
Address Port
01-67-15-cb-63-37 1
25-a7-d8-16-87-10 1
11-e8-71-35-41-f5 2
33-56-91-62-31-71 2
Port 1
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-113
In uddIfIon fo orfornIng fho funcfIons of u Iuyor 2 svIfch, Iuyor 3
svIfchos cun ucconIIsh roufIng funcfIons. SvIfchIng roufors uso Iuyor 3
rofocoIs such us !II OSII, und ISI fo roufo dufu unong dIfforonf
nofvorks. Subsoquonf Iossons dIscuss fho sInIIurIfIos und dIfforoncos
bofvoon Iuyor 2 und Iuyor 3 svIfchos und svIfchIng fochnoIogy. Tho
rofocoIs fhuf foIIov uro Inorfunf fo undorsfund vhon dIscussIng dufu
frunsnIssIon vIu svIfchos.
Check Your Understanding
IxIuIn hov Iuyor 2 svIfchos hoI oIInInufo broudcusf fruffIc.
Why Is fhIs Inorfunf
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-114 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Transmission ControI ProtocoI/Internet ProtocoI (TCP/IP)
TCI/II vus dovoIood In fho nId-l9?0s fo uIIov dIfforonf kInds of
conufors fo connunIcufo. AIfhough fhoro voro ofhor rofocoIs uvuIIubIo
uf fho fIno, TCI/II vus frooIy uvuIIubIo und ouIur uf unIvorsIfIos. WIfh
fho rIso of fho Infornof, TCI/II hus bocono IncrousIngIy ouIur und Is fho
rofocoI usod for connunIcufIon ovor fho Infornof.
TCP/IP vs. OSI ModeI
PhysicaI
Data Link
IP
UDP TCP
AppIication
H
T
T
P
S
M
T
P
F
T
P
S
N
M
P
D
N
S
PhysicaI
Data Link
Network
Transport
AppIication
Session
Presentation
OSI TCP/IP
TCI/II foIIovs fho OSI nodoI for fho Iovor 4 Iuyors, buf conbInos fho
uor 3 Iuyors, sossIon, rosonfufIon, und uIIcufIon Info u sIngIo Iuyor.
TCI/II oorufos IndoondonfIy of fho hysIcuI und dufu IInk Iuyors, usIng
u fruno us Ifs dufu unIf. Af fho nofvork Iuyor, Iuyor 3, fho Infornof
IrofocoI doIIvors dufu ucross nofvorks. Af fho frunsorf Iuyor, Iuyor 4,
TCI (u connocfIon-orIonfod rofocoI) uIrs vIfh u connocfIonIoss rofocoI,
!I (!sor ufugrun IrofocoI) fo rovIdo rocoss-fo-rocoss doIIvory of
dufu ucross nofvorks. In Ifs uornosf uIIcufIon Iuyor, TCI/II hundIos
fho funcfIons fhuf uro nosf funIIIur: onuII, vob brovsIng fIIo frunsfors,
ofc.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-115
TCP
TrunsnIssIon ConfroI IrofocoI (TCI) Is u frunsorf Iuyor rofocoI fhuf
rovIdos ond-fo-ond roIIubIo doIIvory, orf uddrossIng, und fIov confroI.
TCI rovIdos orror chockIng und roorfIng usIng u chocksun. If u uckof
urrIvos dunugod, fho fuIIuro Is roorfod und fho sondor cun rofrunsnIf fho
uckof.
A foufuro of frunsorf Iuyor rofocoIs Is sognonfufIonfho dIvIsIon of u
sIngIo nossugo Info nuIfIIo Iocos. Soquonco confroI onsuros fhuf uII
uckofs of fho orIgInuI nossugo uro rocoIvod In fho roor ordor. To do fhIs,
TCI IncIudos u soquonco nunbor In fho houdor of ouch uckof fhuf Is fo bo
frunsnIffod ucross fho nofvork. Thoso nunbors uro usod fo uf fho
uckofs In fho corrocf ordor vhon fho dosfInufIon dovIco rocoIvos fhon.
AIong vIfh soquonco confroI Is Ioss und duIIcufIon confroI. TCI onsuros
fhuf nof onIy uro uckofs rocoIvod orror-froo und In fho corrocf ordor, buf
no uckofs huvo boon Iosf In frunsnIssIon. TCI uIso nukos suro fhuf no
uckofs uro duIIcufod.
To onsuro fhuf fho rocoIvIng dovIco Is nof ovorvhoInod vIfh u fIood of
dufu, TCI rovIdos fIov confroI. If dufu Is conIng In foo fusf, TCI Inforns
fho rocoIvor fo roduco fho dufu rufo unfII If cun cufch u.
Check Your Understanding
Whuf Is fho nuIn funcfIon of fho TCI rofocoI
Why Is fIov confroI Inorfunf
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-116 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
IP
Tho rInury funcfIon of Infornof IrofocoI (II) Is fo uccof dufu fron fho
hIghor Iuyor rofocoIs (TCI, und !I) on u sourco hosf, croufo u dufugrun,
und roufo fho dufugrun fhrough u nofvork fo u dosfInufIon. In ordor fo
frunsnIf fhIs dufu ovor fho Infornof, u dovIco nusf huvo un II uddross und
Iourn fho II uddross of fho dosfInufIon dovIco. II, u connocfIonIoss
rofocoI, Is fho Iuyor 3 (nofvork) conononf of fho TCI/II rofocoI suIfo
fhuf rovIdos nofvork Iuyor funcfIonuIIfy fo novo dufu fron nofvork fo
nofvork ucross un Infornofvork. II novos dufu ovor dufu IInk und hysIcuI
Iuyor rofocoIs. ThIs uIIovs un Infornofvork fo bo u conbInufIon uny
frunsnIssIon nodIun; nodIu uccoss nofhod, hysIcuI uddrossIng, und
fooIogy. IIv4 Is curronf sfundurd. IIv6, vhIch usos l28-bIf II uddrossos,
Is u novor vorsIon of fho II sfundurd fhuf vus dovoIood fo noof fho
donund for noro uddrossos fhun IIv4 Is ubIo fo offor.
Whon u nofvork connocfs fo fho Infornof, ouch dovIco nusf huvo u unIquo
II uddross, vhIch Is ussIgnod by un Infornof uufhorIfy. Jusf us fho osfuI
sorvIco usos unIquo houso uddrossos fo roufo nuII fron u sourco uddross
(sondor) fo u dosfInufIon uddross (rocoIvor), IIv4 usos u dovIco`s unIquo 32-
bIf uddross for roufIng dufu fron u sourco dovIco fo u dosfInufIon dovIco.
Tho IIv4 uddross consIsfs of four grous of nunbors (ouch grou bofvoon 0
und 255) sourufod by orIods, sonofInos cuIIod doffod docInuI nofufIon.
Ivon nofvorks fhuf uro nof connocfod fo fho Infornof uso II uddrossIng
bocuuso If Is u sfundurd vuy of uddrossIng dovIcos II uddrossos, you nuy
rocuII, uro unIquo for ouch nofvork. Tho fIrsf urf of fho II uddross
IndIcufos on vhIch nofvork u dovIco Is Iocufod. Tho socond urf of fho II
uddross IndIcufos u urfIcuIur dovIco (or hosf) on fhuf nofvork.
IPv4 32-Bit Address
Network ID Host ID
32 Bits
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-117
A nofvork udnInIsfrufor nusf ussIgn ouch dovIco on hIs or hor nofvork
ono of fho II uddrossos fhoy huvo boon uIIocufod. ThIs Is dono oIfhor
sfufIcuIIy or dynunIcuIIy. SfufIc II uddrossos nusf bo confIgurod
IndIvIduuIIy uf ouch conufor dovIco. Whon fho dovIco Is novod fo unofhor
urf of fho nofvork, u nov II uddross nusf bo confIgurod. ynunIc
ussIgnnonf of II uddrossos Is dono usIng ynunIc Hosf ConfIgurufIon
IrofocoI (HCI), u nofvork II nunugononf rofocoI. ThIs rofocoI uIIovs
u nofvork udnInIsfrufor fo confruIIy nunugo fho uufonufIc ussIgnnonf of
II uddrossos.
ARP
Addross !osoIufIon IrofocoI (A!I) Is un Inforfuco rofocoI bofvoon Iuyor 3
und Iuyor 2 rofocoIs. If u sourco dovIco doos nof knov fho MAC uddross
of u dosfInufIon dovIco, If sonds ouf un A!I roquosf, vhIch Is u broudcusf
frunsnIssIon. SvIfchos sourufo coIIIsIon donuIns buf do nof sourufo
broudcusf donuIns; fhoroforo, uII sognonfs on fho nofvork rocoIvo fho A!I
roquosf.
ARP Request Frame
PreambIe
Destination
MAC Address
Source
MAC Address
Source
IP Address
Destination
IP Address
Ethernet Header ARP Request
Source
MAC Address
ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff 03.00.20.92.b1.7f
... ...
08.00.20.92.b1.7f 168.192.10.254
Destination
MAC Address
168.192.10.12 00.00.00.00.00.00
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-118 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
An A!I roquosf confuIns bofh fho II und MAC uddrossos of fho sourco
dosfInufIon. AII dovIcos rocoIvIng fho broudcusf udd fhIs dufu fo fhoIr A!I
fubIos. Tho dovIco vIfh fho dosfInufIon II uddross nukos un onfry und
sonds un A!I roIy fo fho sourco dovIco.
ARP RepIy Frame
PreambIe
Destination
MAC Address
Source
MAC Address
Source
IP Address
Destination
IP Address
Ethernet Header ARP RepIy
Source
MAC Address
ff .ff.ff.ff.ff.ff 03.00.20.92.b1.7f
... ...
08.00.20.92.b1.7f 168.192.10.254 168.192.10.12
Destination
MAC Address
08.00.20.92.b1.52
ThIs roIy confuIns bofh Ifs II und MAC uddrossos, vhIch fho sourco
dovIco fhon udds fo Ifs A!I fubIo. If cun nov sond dufu fo fho dosfInufIon
dovIco bocuuso If cun nu fho MAC uddross vIfh fho II uddross.
!A!I, or !ovorso Addross !osoIufIon IrofocoI, funcfIons nuch fho suno
vuy oxcof If ussocIufos u knovn MAC uddross vIfh un unknovn II
uddross.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-119
BootP
Ioofsfru (IoofI) Is u rofocoI fhuf usos dufu IInk Iuyor rofocoIs, !sor
ufugrun IrofocoI (!I), und TrIvIuI IIIo Trunsfor IrofocoI (TITI) fo
frunsIufo MAC sourco und dosfInufIon hysIcuI uddrossos Info II IogIcuI
uddrossos, und fo rocoIvo boof fIIos.
IoofI usos u dufubuso fhuf frunsIufos u MAC hurdvuro uddross Info un
urorIufo II uddross. Tho sysfon udnInIsfrufor nusf onfor uII of fho
dufubuso InfornufIon. ThIs rocoss Is fIno consunIng und fodIous.
ConfIgurufIon orrors uro nof unconnon und cun cuuso sorIous nofvorkIng
robIons. ThIs vus ono of fho nujor nofIvufors for fho dynunIc hosf
confIgurufIon rofocoI (HCI) rofocoI, IoofI`s succossor.
Tho oxchungo of MAC fo II uddrossos Is ucconIIshod usIng u uckof
oxchungo. Tho IoofI uckof confuIns InfornufIon ubouf fho cIIonf dovIco,
such us fho fyo of nofvork, fho nunbor of soconds sInco fho cIIonf sfurfod
fo boof, II uddross If knovn, ofc. If usos fhIs InfornufIon fo obfuIn fho
urorIufo MAC und II uddrossos for fho dosfInufIon dovIco.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-120 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
BootP Packet
ES ST0025803A 1/6
Operation (1)* Hardware type (1)
Harware address
Iength (1) Hops (1)
Transaction ID (4)
Seconds (2)
CIient IP address (4)
Your IP address (4)
Server IP address (4)
Gateway IP address (16)
FIags (2)
CIient hardware address (16)
Server name (64)
FiIe name (128)
Vendor-specific area (64)
* The number in parentheses indicates the number of octets in each fieId.
IoofI usos fho cIIonf-sorvor nodoI fo onubIo dovIcos fo boof fron fho
nofvork. To broudcusf u roquosf for un II uddross, u cIIonf sonds u
IOOT!IQ!IST. Whon fho roquosf Is sonf, u fInor Is sof. If fho fIno
oxIros boforo u roIy Is rocoIvod, fho IOOT!IQ!IST Is rosonf.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-121
TFTP
TrIvIuI IIIo Trunsfor IrofocoI (TITI) Is u sInIo, ousy-fo-InIononf
rofocoI vIfhIn fho !sor ufugrun IrofocoI (!I) fhuf cun bo usod for
ronofo nofvork oorufIng sysfon InsfuIIufIon In conjuncfIon vIfh IoofI.
TITI Is u rogrun fhuf Is buIIf Info fho rogrunnubIo roud-onIy nonory
(I!OM) of u dovIco und oxocufos fho connunds nocossury fo gof IoofI
dufu buck und forfh bofvoon fho boof sorvor und fho cIIonf dovIco.
Thoro uro fIvo fyos of TITI uckofs:
!oud !oquosf (!!Q)
WrIfo !oquosf (W!Q)
ufu (ATA)
AcknovIodgononf (ACI)
Irror (I!!O!)
IoofI und TITI ouch uso u fvo-sfo rocoss. Tho fIrsf rocoss Is u roquosf
fo fho IoofI sorvor for sfurfu InfornufIon. Tho roIy confuIns fho
InfornufIon noodod fo InIfIufo u TITI roquosf. ThIs roIy socIfIos fho
nuno of fho TITI fIIo fhuf confuIns fho InIfIuI nonory Inugo, or soffvuro
Inugo. Tho socond sfo roquosfs fho InIfIuI nonory Inugo roquIrod fo
conIofo fho sfurfu oorufIon.
Two-Step BootP/TFTP Startup Process
CIient
Server
CIient broadcasts a request
to boot from a remote server
(BOOTREQUEST)
Server sends
acknowIedgmen
to the cIient
(BOOTREPLY).
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-122 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
DHCP
HCI Is un oxfonsIon of IoofI fhuf uIIovs nofvork nunugors fo ussIgn II
uddrossos dynunIcuIIy by vuy of u confruIIy nunugod HCI sorvor. ThIs
oIInInufos fho nood fo nunuuIIy nuInfuIn u fubIo of MAC und II uddrossos
for ovory dovIco on u nofvork.
HCI hus fvo rInury urosos. Tho fIrsf Is fho suno us IoofI, fo nofIfy
u hosf of Ifs II uddross vhon connocfIng fo u nofvork. Hovovor, HCI
hus fho ubIIIfy fo ussIgn, or Iouso, II uddrossos for u fIxod orIod of fIno.
Tho nofvork nunugor dofornInos fhIs fIno fruno, und If cun rungo fron
us IIffIo us ono nInufo fo us Iong us 99 yours. SocondIy, HCI uIso
ucquIros ofhor confIgurufIon urunofors for cIIonfs.
IousIng II nunbors for shorf orIods of fIno vIu HCI rovIdos un
ossonfIuI sorvIco for foduy`s nofvorks. !ufhor fhun huvo un II uddross for
ouch cIIonf on u nofvork, cIIonfs cun Iouso nunbors for shorf orIods of
fIno. IooIo fruvoI, fhoy uro ouf sIck, und fhoy vork fron fhoIr honos.
Thoy do nof nood fo huvo ornunonf II uddrossos.
DHCPREQUEST
CIient
1. CIient broadcasts
a DHCPREQUEST
packet.
2. BOOTP reIay agent
transmits DHCPREQUEST
packet to aII servers
that suppIied a
DHCPOFFER packet.
4. BOOTP reIay agent
transmits DHCPACK
or DHCPNAK packet
to cIient.
3. Target server transmits
DHCPACK or DHCPNAK
packet to BOOTP reIay agent.
Server
Router
(BOOTP
reIay agent)
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-123
Tho HCI uckof fornuf Is busod on u IoofI uckof und usos u IoofI
roIuy ugonf fo forvurd HCI uckofs us foIIovs:
DHCPDISCOVER
CIient
1. CIient broadcasts
a DHCPDISCOVER
packet.
2. BOOTP reIay agent
transmits DHCPDISCOVER
packet to servers
on aII other networks.
4. BOOTP reIay agent
transmits DHCPOFFER
packets to cIient.
3. Servers transmit
DCHPOFFER packets
to BOOTP reIay agent.
Server
Router
(BOOTP
reIay agent)
A cIIonf broudcusfs u HCIISCOVI! uckof.
A IoofI roIuy ugonf rocoIvos fho uckof, uccofs fho uckof, und
forvurds If fo HCI sorvors on ofhor nofvorks.
HCI sorvors frunsnIf u HCIOIII! uckof, vhIch confuIns un
uvuIIubIo II uddross, fo fho IoofI roIuy ugonf.
Tho IoofI roIuy ugonf rocoIvos fho HCIOIII! uckofs und forvurds
fhon fo fho cIIonf.
Tho cIIonf oxunInos fho confIgurufIon urunofors of fho uckof und
docIdos vhIch HCIOIII! fo uccof.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-124 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
BOOTREQUEST
CIient
1. CIient broadcasts
a request to boot from
a remote server
(BOOTREQUEST)
2. BOOTP reIay agent
transmits BOOTREQUEST
packet to servers
on aII other networks.
4. BOOTP reIay agent
transmits BOOTREPLY
packet to cIient.
3. Servers transmit
BOOTREPLY packet
to BOOTP reIay agent.
Server
Router
(BOOTP
reIay agent)
Affor soIocfIng u HCIOIII!, fho cIIonf Insorfs fho II uddross of fho
furgof sorvor Info fho uckof und broudcusfs fho IOOT!IQ!IST
uckof.
Tho roufor, or svIfch-roufor, forvurds fho uckof fo uII fho sorvors fhuf
sonf HCIOIII! uckofs. If fho II uddross In fho HCIOIII!
doos nof nufch, fho HCI sorvor rocIuIns fho unusod II uddross.
Tho furgof sorvor rocognIzos Ifs II uddross In fho sorvor II uddross
fIoId und rosonds vIfh u HCIACI, vhIch Is sonf fo fho cIIonf
fhrough fho IoofI roIuy ugonf.
Tho cIIonf oxunInos fho confIgurufIon urunofors In fho HCIACI
und rocords fho durufIon of fho Iouso orIod. If fhoro Is u robIon, If
sonds u HCIICIII und fho rocoss sfurfs uguIn.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-125
Check Your Understanding
oscrIbo fho funcfIon of II.
oscrIbo A!I.
Whuf Is fho nuIn dIfforonco bofvoon IoofI und HCI
Why Is fhIs Inorfunf
Whuf uro fho fvo-sfos of fho IoofI/TITI sfurfu rocoss
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-126 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Check Your Understanding (continued)
GIvo u sIfuufIon vhoro u nofvork nunugor vouId vunf fo sfufIcuIIy
ussIgn un II uddross
GIvo u sIfuufIon vhoro u nofvork nunugor vouId vunf fo
dynunIcuIIy ussIgn un II uddross
Whuf uro fho nuIn urosos of HCI
IIsf fho sfos fhuf IoofI usos fo dIscovor HCI sorvors und obfuIn
II uddrossos.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-127
Routing ProtocoIs
In ordor fo frunsnIf dufu ucross nofvorks, fho dufu nusf bo roufod. !nfII
vory roconfIy, svIfchos voro Iuyor 2 dovIcos und nof cuubIo of roufIng
ucross nofvorks. Toduy, In uddIfIon fo nuInfuInIng MAC uddrossIng dufu,
vhIch ussIsfs vIfh dIrocfIng fruffIc, svIfchos fyIcuIIy connocf fo und/or
oxfond sInIIur or dIssInIIur nofvork sognonfs, und uIIov for fho croufIon
of vIrfuuI IocuI urou nofvorks (VIAs). Thoy uIso uIIov nunugors fo
osfubIIsh sIngIo und/or nuIfIIo hosf coIIIsIon donuIns vIfhIn IAs.
Toduy`s svIfchIng roufors cun roufo ucross, nof jusf vIfhIn, nofvorks.
SvIfchIng roufors, sonofInos cuIIod Iuyor 3 svIfchos, uIIov sourufo
nofvorks fo nuInfuIn fhoIr IogIcuI IdonfIfy. ThIs nouns fhuf vhon
nofvork A connocfs fo nofvork I fhrough u svIfchIng roufor, fho fvo
nofvorks ronuIn sourufo IAs, ouch vIfh Ifs ovn dIsfIncf nofvork II
uddross.
Iuyor 3 svIfchos uro ubIo fo roufo dufu fusfor fhun roufors bocuuso sono of
fho roufIng rofocoIs rovIousIy hundIod by roufIng soffvuro uro nov buIIf
Info fho hurdvuro of fho svIfchIng roufors. As u gonoruI ruIo of fhunb,
vIfh rogurd fo soffvuro und hurdvuro, vhon fho InfornufIon Is buIIf Info
fho hurdvuro If Is uIvuys fusfor fhun soffvuro.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-128 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Layer 3 Switches AIIow FIexibIe Configurations
ocIsIons ubouf hov dufu Is roufod ucross nofvorks, vhofhor fhrough u
roufor or svIfchIng roufor, uro fyIcuIIy nudo usIng oIfhor dIsfunco-vocfor
und/or IInk-sfufo uIgorIfhns. Ior oxunIo, vhon drIvIng hono uffor u
buIIguno or concorf, you nuko choIcos. ShouId you fuko fho Inforsfufo
hIghvuy, vhIch Is fho shorfosf roufo und usuuIIy fho fusfosf Or, shouId
you fuko u Ioss fruvoIod noro cIrcuIfous roufo, vhIch nouns fruvoIIng
sovoruI uddIfIonuI nIIos Hov do you nuko fho docIsIon If you vunf fo gof
hono us quIckIy us ossIbIo If If`s Iufo uf nIghf, fruffIc Is nof u robIon;
fho Inforsfufo hIghvuy Is fho fusfosf roufo. ThIs docIsIon Is busod on u
dIsfunco-vocfor uIgorIfhn, or fho shorfosf dIsfunco fron oInf A fo oInf I.
Hovovor, If you uro houdIng hono durIng fho nIghfIy rush hour fho roufo
fhuf Is fIvo nIIos Iongor, noro cIrcuIfous, und doosn`f huvo fho rush hour
fruffIc, Is robubIy fho boffor choIco for fho fusfosf roufo hono. In
conufor forns, fhIs Is sInIIur fo u IInk-sfufo rofocoI soIufIon. And, In
fhIs cuso vouId bo fho boffor choIco for dofornInIng fho fusfosf roufo.
R
Switch
Router or Switch
R
Switch
A Router
R
Switch
Layer 2 Switch
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-129
Iofh roufors und svIfchIng roufors uso Iuyor 3 roufIng rofocoIs fo novo
dufu fruffIc fron ono nofvork fo unofhor nofvork vIu fho fusfosf roufo(s)
uvuIIubIo. Tvo connonIy usod roufIng rofocoIs uro !oufIng InfornufIon
IrofocoI (!II) und Oon Shorfosf Iufh IIrsf (OSII).
Both Routers and Switching Routers use Layer 3 ProtocoIs
RIP
Tho !oufIng InfornufIon IrofocoI (!II) Is ono of fho oIdosf roufIng
rofocoIs. !II Is u dIsfunco-vocfor rofocoI fIrsf doscrIbod In fhoory In fho
Iufo l950`s und IncIudod us urf of nofvork conufor oorufIng sysfons In
fho l960`s. Affor sovoruI yours of rorIofury !II rofocoIs, u sfundurd
rofocoI vus ugrood uon In l988.
!II uckofs uro usod fo quIckIy cuIcuIufo fho dIsfunco bofvoon fvo oInfs
ovor u vurIofy of roufos. Tho bosf roufo, or shorfosf ufh, Is roorfod buck
fo fho sourco dovIco. A dufu buso confuInIng fho InfornufIon dIscovorod Is
nuInfuInod In fho roufIng fubIos of fho roufIng dovIco. !II doos nof fuko
Info consIdorufIon such fhIngs us congosfIon, IIno sood, und cosf.
PhysicaI
Data Link
Network
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-130 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
!oufIng fubIos IIsf, udufo, und shuro vIfh ofhor roufIng dovIcos fho
InconIng und noxf II uddrossos, nofrIcs (dIsfuncos), und fIugs fhuf
IndIcufo un onfry chungod roconfIy. Whon u chungo Is nudo fo u roufIng
fubIo, If Is shurod vIfh fho roufIng dovIcos fhuf uro dIrocfIy connocfod fo
fhIs roufor. Thoso connocfod roufIng dovIcos uro offon roforrod fo us
InnodIufo noIghbors. A IIsf of roufos rosonfIy knovn by u roufor Is
broudcusf ovory 30 soconds. !II uIIovs u nuxInun of l5 hos bocuuso of
fho fIno If fukos for uII roufors fo sfubIIIzo fhoIr roufIng fubIos. If u dovIco
Is l6 hos uvuy, fhuf nouns If Is unrouchubIo. Ixfondod !II uIIovs u fo
l2? hos, uIfhough fhIs Is nof roconnondod.
RIP Routing TabIe
DestInutIon MetvIc Next Hop Type
Pvotoc
o!
Ag
e
Inde
x
l92.32.l.0 0 l92.32.l.90 Irocf IocuI l2 l
l92.32.2.0 0 l92.32.l.8l Irocf IocuI l5 2
l92.32.3.0 2 l92.32.l.80 IndIrocf !II 2? 2
l92.32.4.0 2 l92.32.l.9l IndIrocf !II l6 l
OSPF
In fho l980`s us nofvorks grov Iurgor, If bocuno obvIous fhuf u fusfor,
noro offIcIonf roufIng uIgorIfhn vus noodod. !II vorks voII for snuIIor
nofvorks, hovovor If Is nof u scuIubIo rofocoI. ofvorks cun onIy oxund
u fo l5 roufors und by dofuuIf, roufIng fubIos uro udufod ovory 30
soconds. Tho fIno If fukos fo rocuIcuIufo dIsfunco vocfors for ouch dovIco
uddIfIon or chungo bogs dovn Iurgor nofvorks. ThIs Iod fo fho
dovoIononf of fho Oon Shorfosf Iufh IIrsf (OSII) IInk-sfufo rofocoI.
!nIIko !II, vhIch oxunInos fho dIsfunco bofvoon fvo oInfs on u nofvork
OSII usos u IInk-sfufo uIgorIfhn. WIfh IInk-sfufo rofocoIs, u nofvork
udnInIsfrufor cun sof fho Tyo of SorvIco (TOS) vuIuos on un urbIfrury
busIs, such us fho sood of fho dufu frunsnIssIon or fho fuuIf foIorunco of u
IInk.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-131
Tho vuy In vhIch OSII Is ubIo fo Inrovo nofvork fruffIc sfurfs by
IInIfIng IfsoIf fo II us fho rofocoI. WIfhouf huvIng fo fuko fho fIno fo
Inforrof ofhor uckofs, roufIng fubIos cun bo consfrucfod. Ior roufIng
fubIo dufu, OSII brouks nofvorks Info socfIons und onIy Iooks uf snuII
socfIons und nof fho onfIro nofvork onforrIso. Iy broukIng fho nofvork
u Info snuIIor Iocos, cuIIod urous, OSII cun novo uckofs noro
offIcIonfIy. Arous uro nof dofInod by googruhIcuI IocufIon (I.o., nof jusf fho
hosfs und roufors hysIcuIIy cIososf fo ouch ofhor) buf by fruffIc ufforns.
A Comparison of RIP and OSPF
Ieutuve RIP OSPI
A!govItLm
Type
Isfunco-Vocfor IInk-Sfufo
MuxImum
Hops
l5
IInIfod onIy by sIzo of
roufIng fubIos fhuf fho
dovIco cun hoId
Musk
!IIvl uIIovs jusf ono
nusk for fho onfIro
nofvork
Cun huvo vurIubIo Iongfh
subnof nusks
RoutIng MetvIc Ho counf CuIcuIufod cosf
Comp!exIty !oIufIvoIy sInIo
ConIox vIfh nuny
confIgurubIo urunofors
Convevgence SIov Iusf
RoutIng
Updute
Ivequency
Iroudcusfs on u roguIur
busIs rogurdIoss of
chungos
Sonds roufIng udufo onIy
vhon sonofhIng hus
chungod
Updute
Messuge
Contents
ofvorks In fho
uufononous sysfon/ho
counf
IrocfIy connocfod
nofvorks, nusk, cosf
Tho concof of urous IInIfs dovnfIno, roufIng fubIo odIfs, und ofhor
urunofors fo ono urou of u nofvork. ThIs fucf onubIos nofvorks
onIoyIng OSII rofocoIs fo scuIo ousIIy.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-132 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
IPX
Ior nuny yours, osocIuIIy In fho l980`s und voII Info fho l990`s, ovoII`s
ofWuro oorufIng sysfon rorosonfod noro fhun 80 of uII InsfuIIod
nofvorks In fho !nIfod Sfufos. ThIs vus rIor fo fho roconf ouIurIfy und
Indusfry-vIdo uccofunco of fho Infornof und Ifs roudIIy uvuIIubIo TCI/II
rofocoIs. ovoII usod fhoIr ovn rorIofury IIX/SIX rofocoIs for dufu
frunsnIssIon ucross nofvorks.
Infornofvork Iuckof Ixchungo (IIX) und Soquoncod Iuckof Ixchungo
(SIX) uro unuIogous fo TCI/II rofocoIs. IIX rovIdos roufIng sorvIcos
sInIIur fo fho onos rovIdod by II, und SIX Is u connocfIon-orIonfod
rofocoI, sInIIur fo TCI. IIX runs on Iuyor 3 of fho OSI nodoI.
IIX uckofs cun bo unyvhoro fron 30 byfos Iong fo 65,535 byfos Iong, buf
usuuIIy uro IInIfod by nofvork confIgurufIon fo bo ubouf l500 byfos. Ior
nuny yours, ofWuro rovIdod IIX uckofs usIng !II us fho roufIng
rofocoI, buf noro roconf vorsIons of ofWuro roufo IIX uckofs usIng
ovoII`s vorsIon of fho IInk-sfufo roufIng uIgorIfhn, ofWuro IInk SorvIcos
IrofocoI (ISI).
Tho Iufosf vorsIons of ofWuro nov suorf fho uso of TCI/II us voII us
fhoIr rorIofury roufIng schonos.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-133
Check Your Understanding
Whuf Is fho uroso of roufIng rofocoIs
WhIch roufIng rofocoI Is IInk-sfufo
WhIch roufIng rofocoI Is u dIsfunco vocfor uIgorIfhn
Conuro und confrucf OSII und !II.
Whuf Is IIX und vhuf doos If do
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-134 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Management ProtocoIs
SNMP
SInIo ofvork Munugononf IrofocoI (SMI) Is u connocfIonIoss nofvork
nunugononf rofocoI fhuf usos fho !I frunsorf Iuyor of TCI/II. If usos
un ugonf-nunugor nodoI for connunIcufIon bofvoon nofvork dovIcos.
SNMP Station and Devices with SNMP Agents
Optivity
Station
System 3000
BootP Broadcast
BootP/TFTP transfer
Reset
SNMP
Image
(IocaI Ioad)
SNMP Agent
Image
(remote Ioad)
BOOTPTAB.TXT
NMM.CFG
In SMI, fho coIIocfIon of InfornufIon Is dIsfrIbufod unong vurIous
dovIcos, cuIIod ugonfs, on fho nofvork. A confruIIzod nunugononf sfufIon,
runnIng unofhor Ioco of SMI soffvuro, unuIyzos und Inforrofs fho dufu.
Iuch ugonf sforos dufu ubouf Ifs sfufus und oorufIons In u dufubuso und
hus fho cuubIIIfy fo uIorf u dosIgnufod nunugononf sfufIon vhon
robIons occur.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-135
MIB
Tho nunugononf InfornufIon buso (MII) Is u dufubuso fhuf confuIns
InfornufIon ubouf fho nunugod objocf, Ifs Inforfucos, fho frunsnIssIon
nodIun fo vhIch If Is uffuchod, fho rofocoIs fhuf If runs, und uny vondor-
socIfIc InfornufIon fhuf u nunugononf sysfon coIIocfs. Tho SMI ugonf
coIIocfs fho InfornufIon und sforos If In fho MII. Whon fho ugonf rocoIvos
u roquosf for InfornufIon fron fho nunugononf sfufIon, fho ugonf quorIos
Ifs MII, fron vhIch If gofs dufu fo rosond fo fho nunugononf sfufIon
quory.
Management Information Base
Ivory MII hus u froo-IIko sfrucfuro fhuf consIsfs of u roof connocfod fo u
nunbor of IuboIod objocf grous. Iuch grou nuy brunch fo unofhor sub-
Iuyor of objocfs. WIfhIn ouch objocf Is fho objocf Insfunco or vurIubIo fhuf Is
roud or nodIfIod by SMI.
Tho ufh fron fho roof fhrough fho froo`s brunchos fo u socIfIc objocf
IdonfIfIos fho objocf. Tho ISO dofInos fho roof of fho froo. Ifforonf
vondors dofIno fho ofhor brunchos of fho froo for uso vIfh fhoIr roducfs.
Directory
1
Management
2
ExperimentaI
3
Private
4
Internet
1
Department of Defense
6
Organization
3
ISO
1
CCITT
0
joint-ISO-CCITT
2
Root
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-136 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Check Your Understanding
Whuf Is SMI
Why Is fhIs usofuI fo u nofvork nunugor
Whuf uro MIIs
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-137
Try It Out
MateriaIs Needed:
InfornofvorkIng IundunonfuIs !osourch MuforIuIs
Infornof ConnocfIon (ofIonuI)
IrosonfufIon IvuIuufIon Iorn
CIassroom Networking Presentation
ThIs Iosson Is u brIof rovIov of nuforIuI covorod In fho 1nIerneIuorling
IunJonenIols courso. A fhorough undorsfundIng of InfornofvorkIng
fundunonfuIs Is u roroquIsIfo for succoss In fhIs SvIfchIng und ofvork
Munugononf courso.
Whon you onburk on your curoor, vhofhor If Is In nofvorkIng or sono
ofhor fIoId, you vIII bo oxocfod fo nuko rosonfufIons fo uudIoncos vIfh u
vIdo rungo of Inforosfs und ubIIIfIos.
SoIocf u Iosson/foIc, vIfh Insfrucfor urovuI, fron fho 1nIerneIuorling
IunJonenIols courso, or fho rovIov foIcs In fhIs Iosson, for u cIuss
rosonfufIon.
Irouro u ono-ugo sunnury of fho choson Iosson/foIc. Tho sunnury
nuy not bo noro fhun ono ugo, fyod, sIngIo-sucod.
Irouro u fIvo-nInufo oruI rosonfufIon for un uudIonco of (chooso ono)
rofossIonuIs, Iuyorsons, sfudonfs, suIos orsons, rosourch und
dovoIononf orsonnoI, or ofhor grou of your choIco. IsfubIIsh fho
urorIufo sfyIo und fono for your furgof uudIonco.
IdonfIfy fho noods of your furgof uudIonco by rourIng u IIsf of quosfIons
you fhInk fhoy vIII vunf unsvorod. Try fo unsvor fhoso quosfIons us urf
of your rosonfufIon. Io rourod fo unsvor uddIfIonuI quosfIons fron
your uudIonco uffor your rosonfufIon.
A vIsuuI uId(s) nusf ucconuny your rosonfufIon. Tho vIsuuI nIghf bo In
fho forn of churfs und gruhs, conufor rosonfufIon, roudIng nuforIuIs,
vIdoo, ofc.
If unyono In your grou knovs sIgn Iunguugo, usk fhon fo sIgn fho
rosonfufIon.
Huvo ouch nonbor of fho uudIonco conIofo rosonfufIon ovuIuufIon
forns. CrIfIquo your ovn orfornunco by conIofIng u soIf-ovuIuufIon
forn. o nof bo foo hursh on yoursoIf or ofhors. ThIs Is unong fho fIrsf of
nuny rosonfufIons you vIII gIvo In your curoor. As fho your rogrossos, If
Is oxocfod fhuf your rosonfufIons/ovuIuufIons vIII Inrovo.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-138 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Presentation EvaIuation Form
DIvectIons: Whon conIofIng fho ovuIuufIon forn, rufo fho rosonfor us
ono of fho foIIovIng:
4-IxcofIonuI
3-TuIonfod
2-SufIsfucfory
l-InoxorIoncod
0-!nrourod
Affor ouch socfIon, dofond your rufIng vIfh consfrucfIvo connonfs fhuf uro
osIfIvo und hoIfuI. !ononbor fhuf fhoso suno cIussnufos vIII rufo you.
PvesentutIon oI Content: Iucfs uro conIofo, uccurufo, und shov
ovIdonco of fhorough rosourch, unuIysIs, und synfhosIs. SuIfubIo for
urfIcuIur uudIonco, corrocf grunnur.
4 3 2 l 0 Scoro ______
Connonfs:
OvgunIzutIon: Sfuys focusod on foIc und doos nof dIgross. Idous fIov In
u IogIcuI fushIon. IuIIy rourod for fho rosonfufIon.
4 3 2 l 0 Scoro ______
Connonfs:
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-139
PvesentutIon Sty!e: InfhusIusfIc, rofossIonuI, InforosfIng, roIuxod.
Iusy fo hour und undorsfund, nukos froquonf oyo confucf, koos vIfhIn
fho fIno IInIf.
4 3 2 l 0 Scoro ______
Connonfs:
VIsuu! AIds: CroufIvo uso of nuforIuIs. AIds uro urorIufo fo bofh fho
foIc und uudIonco, uro voII orgunIzod und udd fo fho ovoruII rosonfufIon,
shov uffonfIon fo dofuII.
4 3 2 l 0 Scoro ______
Connonfs:
QuestIon und Answev PevIod: WoII Infornod und rourod fo unsvor
uII quosfIons. GIvos fhorough unsvors und uddross fho socIfIc quosfIons
uskod. AbIIIfy fo ucknovIodgo fho fucf fhuf s/ho doos nof huvo uII of fho
unsvors.
4 3 2 l 0 Scoro ______
Connonfs:
IIovt: In un orgunIzufIon, ooIo uro vuIuod for fhoIr IndIvIduuI fuIonfs.
of uII IndIvIduuIs uro oxorf rosonfors, hovovor fhoy uro sfIII vuIuod
onIoyoos. A succossfuI busInoss undorsfunds und noods fho dIvorsIfy
ooIo brIng fo u conuny. WIfh fhIs In nInd, rufo fho offorf fho rojocf
shovs.
4 3 2 l 0 Scoro ______
Connonfs:
Totu! Scove _____________
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-140 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Rubric: Suggested EvaIuation Criteria and Weightings:
Criteria
% Your Score
ConIofo, concIso, uccurufo ono-ugo sunnury of
soIocfod foIc
l0
CIour, concIso, und orgunIzod, fochnIcuI
rosonfufIon. oIIvorod In forns undorsfundubIo
und urorIufo fo fho uudIonco
20
IIsf of quosfIons rourod rIor fo rosonfufIon l0
!oIovuncy, uccurucy, und croufIvIfy of soIocfod
vIsuuI uId(s)
l0
OvoruII oIso, dononsfrufIng soIf-ussurunco und
confIdonco durIng rosonfufIon und
quosfIon/unsvor orIod
l5
InurfIuI, fuIr-nIndod ovuIuufIon of soIf und
ofhor urfIcIunfs
l5
Avorugo of orfornunco ovuIuufIon scoros l0
AffonfIvo, ucfIvo uudIonco urfIcIufIon l0
TOTAI 100
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-141
Stretch YourseIf
MateriaIs Needed:
CIussroon ofvork
IusIc SnIffor soffvuro
Infornof ConnocfIon (ofIonuI)
Mapping Your LAN
In fhIs ucfIvIfy, you vIII uso fho SnIffor IusIc soffvuro fo nu fho
conononfs und vorksfufIons connocfod fo your CIussroon IA. In Iosson
l-l, you confIgurod fho IA, und In Iosson l-2, you confIgurod your
sfudonf vorksfufIons, u rInfor, und u nofvork roufor. Onco you huvo
dIscovorod uII of fho dovIcos connocfod fo your IA you vIII rInf u
dIugrun vhIch nus fho dovIcos, fhoIr IogIcuI nunos, hysIcuI uddrossos,
und II uddrossos.
You vIII fhon run SnIffor IusIc, cufuro uckofs for unuIysIs, und obsorvo
fho 350T SvIfch fIoodIng, forvurdIng, und buIIdIng Ifs forvurdIng fubIo.
You nusf huvo uf Iousf fhroo ooIo In your grou fo conIofo uII fusks.
ThIs ucfIvIfy Is brokon dovn Info fho foIIovIng fIvo urfs. IIuco u chock In
fho box on fho rIghf fo IndIcufo vhon you huvo conIofod ouch urf.
Part 1: InstaII and Run Sniffer Basic Software
If fho soffvuro Is nof uIroudy InsfuIIod on your vorksfufIon, do so uf fhIs
fIno. Io suro you obfuIn fho soffvuro IIconso SorIuI unbor fron your
Insfrucfor.
Part 2: Review of Sniffer Software
IoIIov fhoso sfos fo Iourn ubouf fho busIc foufuros und cuubIIIfIos of fho
SnIffor IusIc roducf und fo dIscovor hov If cun bo u ovorfuI fooI for
IookIng Info u nofvork:
l. MuxInIzo fho SnIffor IusIc vIndov. IInd fho Icon Iur In fho SnIffor
IusIc vIndov.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-142 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
2. CIIck on fho nInfh Icon fron fho Ioff. If Is fho ono vIfh fho Ink cIrcIo
InsIdo u bIuck cIrcIo. If vIII dIsIuy fho ushbourd:
3. CIIck fho fub nurkod ofuII.
You cun soo fho nunbors, vhIch shov dofuIIod InfornufIon on fho
uckofs fhuf huvo boon frunsnIffod.
4. CIIck fho X In fho uor rIghf cornor of fho Cufuro TooI fo uf If uvuy.
5. CIIck fho noxf Icon fo vIov fho Iuckof Gonorufor TooI.
ThIs fooI Iofs you dosIgn und uufonufIcuIIy gonorufo fruffIc on your
nofvork. You vIII uso fhIs fooI Iufor for sInuIufIon und fosfIng.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-143
6. CIIck fho noxf Icon fo vIov fho Iuckof Gonorufor TooI.
ThIs fooI Iofs you dosIgn und uufonufIcuIIy gonorufo fruffIc on your
nofvork. Wo vIII uso fhIs fooI Iufor for sInuIufIon und fosfIng.
You cun soo sfufIsfIcs on fho fruffIc gonorufod by fho Iuckof Gonorufor
TooI.
?. CIIck fho X In fho uor rIghf cornor of Iuckof Gonorufor TooI, fo uf If
uvuy.
Tho ofhor Icons In fho fooIbur sfurf un InforosfIng sof of ofhor fooIs. You
vIII bo usIng nosf of fhon vIfh ofhor ucfIvIfIos durIng fhIs courso.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-144 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Part 3: Discover your Network
IoIIov fhoso sfos fo uso fho SnIffor IusIc soffvuro fo dIscovor, vIov, und
unuIyzo fho dovIcos connocfod fo your cIussroon nofvork. You shouId bo
ubIo fo IdonfIfy ouch dovIco connocfod fo fho nofvork und rInf ouf IIsfIngs.
WIfh fho SnIffor soffvuro runnIng und nuxInIzod on your doskfo, fInd
fho Icon Iur In fho SnIffor vIndov
l. CIIck on fho Icon uII fho vuy fo fho rIghf. If Is fho ono vIfh fho X on u
book.
If vIII dIsIuy fho SnIffor Addross Iook.
2. ov cIIck your rIghf nouso buffon und soIocf fho choIco for Aufo
Iscovory, und you vIII soo fhIs dIuIog box:
3. You vIII vunf fo soIocf fho choIco for Any II uddross on fho nofvork.
Thon cIIck OI fo dIscovor fho dovIcos on your nofvork.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-145
Tho SnIffor vIII nov go ouf und fry fo IdonfIfy ouch dovIco on fho
nofvork. Io ufIonf, If nuy fuko u fov nInufos fo dIscovor uII fho
dovIcos on your nofvork.
4. Affor fho SnIffor fInIshos dIscovorIng dovIcos on your nofvork, you
shouId Iook uf fho IIsfIng fo dofornIno vhofhor uII fho dovIcos fhuf you
knov uro hysIcuIIy rosonf uro IIsfod. Muko u IIsf.
You shouId uIso doubIo-cIIck on ouch dovIco In fho IIsf und chooso fho
Tyo soIocfIon fo onfor fho fyo of dovIco.
You nuy nood fo chock IndIvIduuI conufor II uddrossos usIng
W1A1ICIC fo fIguro ouf vhIch dovIco Is vhIch. Whon you IdonfIfy ouch
dovIco In fho IIsf, you cun roIuco Iron Aufo Iscovory vIfh fho
ucfuuI doscrIfIon (o.g., Iusor IrInfor l, or Conufor 3, or !oufor A).
5. ov, cIIck on fho Icon for fho fruffIc Hosf TubIo. Muko suro II fub
Is soIocfod uf fho boffon of fho scroon.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-146 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
In fho Hosf TubIo, you vIII fInd rouI fIno sfufIsfIcs on fruffIc bofvoon
your dovIcos. IrInf fhIs ugo.
If you soIocf fho MAC fub uf fho boffon, you vIII bo ubIo fo vIov fho
hurdvuro MAC uddrossos for ouch dovIco.
6. Conuro fho MAC uddrossos vIfh fhoso you cufuIogod In Iosson l-l.
IrInf fhIs ugo.
!ovIov fho rInfoufs of dovIcos IIsfod on fho II und MAC ugo. !so
fhIs InfornufIon fo conIofo your uddross book.
You vIII uso your IIsf of nIssIng dovIcos In fho noxf urf of fhIs ucfIvIfy.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-147
Part 4: Fixing Workstation ProbIems
Iusod on fho fochnIquos you Iournod In rIor coursos, you shouId vork
fhrough u sof of froubIoshoofIng sfos fo connocf uny vorksfufIons or
dovIcos fhuf dId nof uour In fho Addross Iook durIng your nofvork
dIscovory.
ocunonf your vork so you cun oxIuIn fho sfos you fook fo fho cIuss.
Whon you huvo conIofod your froubIoshoofIng, run SnIffor uguIn fo bo
suro fho onfIro nofvork Is oorufIonuI.
Part 5:
l. !oud uII of fhoso dIrocfIons Iefore you rocood. Sfurf SnIffor IusIc fo
cufuro uckofs durIng fhIs ucfIvIfy for unuIysIs urosos. Suvo, rInf,
unnofufo, und udd orfInonf SnIffor fIIos fo your orffoIIo.
2. Connocf your vorksfufIon fo u orf on fho svIfch. Obsorvo und rocord
vhuf huons.
3. Whon fIrsf uffuchod fo u nofvork, u svIfch buIIds u forvurdIng fubIo.
Onco Iuggod In, hov Iong doos If fuko for fho svIfch fo buIId Ifs
forvurdIng fubIo
Hov Iong doos If fuko for fho svIfch fo robuIId Ifs forvurdIng fubIo
Why Is fhIs InfornufIon Inorfunf for u nofvork nunugor
4. ThIs sfo vIII roquIro grou cooorufIon und coordInufIon of fho sfos
so fhuf SnIffor IusIc cun cufuro ovIdonco of fIoodIng boforo fho svIfch
hus un oorfunIfy fo buIId Ifs nov forvurdIng fubIo. Io suro you huvo
dufu roudy fo sond fo fho nov dovIco.
CoordInufo und roIun vIfh urfnors boforo conIofIng fhIs sfo.
Huvo ono nonbor of fho grou connocf u nov vorksfufIon dovIco fo u
orf on fho svIfch. Ofhor nonbors shouId sond dufu fo fho nov
vorksfufIon dovIco InnodIufoIy, boforo fho svIfch hus u chunco fo buIId
Ifs nov forvurdIng fubIo.
5. Cufuro ovIdonco of fIoodIng vIfh SnIffor soffvuro.
6. WrIfo u ono-ugo roorf on your fIndIngs for your orffoIIo.
?. IurfIcIufo In cIuss dIscussIon ubouf fho rosuIfs of fhIs ucfIvIfy.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-148 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Rubric: Suggested EvaIuation Criteria and Weightings:
Criteria % Your Score
Accurufo unsvors fo Iub quosfIons und
unnofufIons on SnIffor IusIc uckof cufuro
rInfoufs fhuf IndIcufo u fhorough undorsfundIng
of concofs covorod In fhIs Iub
20
IrInfoufs vIfh MAC und II uddrossos und
orffoIIo onfrIos conIofo
20
IdonfIfy uny dovIcos vhIch uro nof roorIy
connocfod fo fho nofvork und succossfuIIy
froubIoshoof fho robIons
25
Sfudonf vorkod IndoondonfIy fo dIugnoso und
corrocf robIon und roforrod fo rIor Iosson
nuforIuIs us nocossury
20
AcfIvo urfIcIufIon In grou/cIuss
ucfIvIfy/dIscussIon
l5
OtLev
TOTAI 100
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-149
Network Wizards
MateriaIs Needed:
CIussroon ofvork
OfIvIfy soffvuro
Part 1: Generating and Using HP OpenView Maps
urIng fhIs Iub, you vIII bocono funIIIur vIfh fho uIIcufIons usod fo
docunonf u nofvork. Thoso uIIcufIons, IncIudIng CCC, IIuf ofvork
VIov, Sognonf VIov, !ouforMun, oduIVIov, und Ixundod VIov, hoI fo
dofornIno If uII nofvork dovIcos huvo boon dIscovorod.
In Iurf l of fhIs Iub, you run HI OonVIov AufodIscovory und gonorufo
HI OonVIov sfufIc nus. Thon, you vIII Iourn hov fo Iuunch sono of fho
nuIn OfIvIfy uIIcufIons fron HI OonVIov nus.
Iurf l of fho Iub Is roquIrod In ordor fo Iuunch OfIvIfy uIIcufIons fron
OonVIov nofvork nus. ThIs uIIovs OfIvIfy uIIcufIons fo run
IndoondonfIy, vIfhouf doondIng on fho HI OonVIov dIscovory rocoss.
Ioo u Iog of your oxorIoncos durIng fhIs ucfIvIfy und rouro u sunnury
of your oxorIoncos und un InsIghffuI unuIysIs of hov u nofvork nunugor
nIghf uso fhIs soffvuro fo hoI Inrovo nofvork orfornunco.
SubnIf fhIs sunnury fo your Insfrucfor und Iuco In orffoIIo.
l. IdonfIfy vhIch nofvorks you vunf fo dIscovor
HI OonVIov Iofs you confroI fho oxfonf of nofvork dIscovory. You cun
docIdo jusf hov nuch, or hov IIffIo, of fho nofvork you vunf fo Iook uf.
In vory Iurgo und conIox nofvorks, you cun uso sovoruI nofvork
nunugononf sfufIons fo nunugo dIfforonf orfIons of fho nofvork.
In fhIs sfo, you vIII foII fho Oon VIov soffvuro oxucfIy vhIch
subnofvorks, In your cIussroon nofvork, you vouId IIko fo IncIudo In
your InIfIuI dIscovory rocoss. In fho dIscovory rocoss, you nuy chooso
fo dIscovor onIy sono of your subnofs, or uII of fhon.
Onco uguIn, koo u rocord of your oxorIoncos und rouro u sunnury
for your orffoIIo.
u. Ioforo you bogIn, you shouId vorIfy fhuf fho conufor you vIII bo
runnIng fho Oon VIov soffvuro on Is roorIy connocfod. To do
fhuf, Ing your cIussroon nofvork dofuuIf roufor und your foun`s
MM. You cun rofor fo fho dIugrun your fouchor guvo you for fhoso
nunbors.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-150 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
_____________________________Note _________________________
If uny Ing fosf fuIIs, dofornIno fho cuuso of fho robIon und corrocf If
vIfh hoI fron your Insfrucfor, IIIO!I you bogIn fhIs ucfIvIfy.
__________________________________________________________________
b. oubIocIIck fho OfIvIfy ?.0 Icon fo oon OfIvIfy und HI
OonVIov. SIgn on us manager vIfh no ussvord.
c. On fho AufodIscovory nonu, chooso ConfIguro, fhon drug rIghf und
chooso Iscovory ofvorks.
Tho ConfIguro Iscovory ofvorks vIndov oons.
d. In fho II Subnof Musk box, fyo fho subnof nusk rovIdod by your
Insfrucfor.
o. In fho II ofuuIf Gufovuy box, fyo fho II uddross of fho cIussroon
nofvork`s dofuuIf roufor.
f. Infor fho roud connunIfy sfrIng, If nocossury.
g. In fho ofvorks fIoId, fyo fho nunbor of un II subnofvork und fho
Subnof Musk you vunf fo dIscovor In your cIussroon nofvork und
cIIck Add.
!oouf fhIs sfo for ouch II subnofvork your Insfrucfor usks you fo
dIscovor In fho cIussroon nofvork.
Thoso onfrIos vIII dofornIno vhIch subnofvorks vIII bo dIscovorod.
h. CIIck OI.
2. !un OonVIov AufodIscovory fo dIscovor your nofvork.
In fhIs sfo, you vIII run fho OonVIov dIscovory rocoss, vhIch
croufos u nu fIIo confuInIng InfornufIon ubouf fho nunugoubIo dovIcos
on your nofvork.
u. IuII dovn fho AufodIscovory nonu und chooso Iscovor, fhon
chooso Iscovor !oufors.
b. CIIck Yos vhon fho sysfon ronfs you fo sfurf roufor dIscovory.
Tho sysfon fukos u shorf fIno fo quory fho dofuuIf roufor und fo
obfuIn fho A!I cucho for ouch roufor In fho cIussroon nofvork.
o nofIfIcufIon Is gonorufod vhon fho rocoss Is conIofo.
c. To vIov fho rogross of fho dIscovory rocoss, uII dovn fho
AufodIscovory nonu und chooso Iscovor, fhon chooso Iscovory
Munugor.
d. Affor dIscovory Is conIofo, cIoso fho Iscovory Munugor vIndov.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-151
Tho Iscovory Munugor vIndov shovs dovIcos dIscovorod und fho
curronf sfufus of fho HI OonVIov dIscovory rocoss. If nof uII
dovIcos huvo boon dIscovorod, cIIck fho Sfurf Iscovory buffon.
3. VIov und Iuy ouf OonVIov nus.
ov fhuf you huvo succossfuIIy conIofod dIscovory of your nofvork,
you vIII bo ubIo fo dIsIuy your nofvork nus, by foIIovIng fho
InsfrucfIons In fhIs sfo.
u. IuII dovn fho AufodIscovory nonu und chooso Iuyouf, fhon chooso
o IusIc Iuyouf.
b. SoIocf Yos vhon fho sysfon usks vhofhor or nof fo rocood.
OonVIov fukos u shorf fIno fo gonorufo nus fron fho nu fIIo.
Tvo fyos of nus vIII bo gonorufod. Tho AIIITS nu rovIdos
fho Infornofvork VIov for fho onfIro dIscovorod nofvork. A
sourufo nofvork nu Is croufod for ouch subnofvork you huvo
IdonfIfIod. Thoso nofvork nus uro IInkod fo ouch subnofvork Icon
on fho Infornofvork VIov.
If fho sysfon doos nof fInd un Advuncod MM for ouch subnofvork
soIocfod for dIscovory, fho SoIocf IIuf ofvork fo oscrIbo vIndov
oons.
c. To IdonfIfy nunuuIIy u rorosonfufIvo MM, cIIck fho oscrIbo
buffon In fho SoIocf IIuf ofvork fo oscrIbo vIndov. In fho
vIndov fhuf oons, onfor fho II uddross und ofhor InfornufIon
rovIdod by your Insfrucfor for your rorosonfufIvo MM.
d. Onco you huvo your AIIITS nu dIsIuyod you cun vorIfy fho
nunugoubIIIfy of ouch subnofvork on fho nu, by cIIckIng fho rIghf
nouso buffon on ouch nofvork Icon und choosIng oscrIbo.
Tho oscrIbo ovIco vIndov oons. If confuIns InfornufIon ubouf
fho MM dovIcos In fhuf subnofvork.
o. VorIfy fho hosf nuno, II uddross, nunugononf fyo (SMI or
IIng), und fho connunIfy sfrIngs.
f. AII MMs und roufor ugonfs shouId uso fho SMI nunugononf
fyo. Tho subnofvork Icon shouId chungo fo u cIoud und bo groon.
g. CIIck CuncoI.
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-152 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
4. Suvo fho OonVIov dufubuso.
ofvork nus uro sforod In un OonVIov dufubuso. You huvo fo suvo
fho curronf nu fIIo If you vunf fo udufo fho OonVIov dufubuso. In
fhIs sfo, you vIII suvo your curronf nu fIIo.
u. On fho IIIo nonu, chooso Suvo As.
b. In fho IIIo uno box, fyo c:\opt\bin\[teamname].
vhoro [teamname] Is your foun`s nuno.
c. CIIck OI fo suvo fho nov fIIo nuno.
5. VIov fho Iuyouf of HIOV ofvork Mus.
In fhIs sfo, vo vIII uso fho HI OonVIov ofvork Mus fo dIsIuy
und doscrIbo fho oquInonf ussocIufod vIfh ouch subnof.
u. oubIo-cIIck on your subnofvork.
b. Tho nu fhuf uours confuIns uII of fho dIscovorod dovIcos In fho
subnof you huvo choson.
Part 2: Configuring and Using CCC
In Iurf l of fho Iub, you usod HI Oon VIov fo dIscovor, nu, und udd
nodo InfornufIon fo fho nu dufubuso. You uIso oonod OfIvIfy VIovs
fron HI OonVIov nus.
ov, In Iurf 2 of fhIs Iub, you vIII Iourn fo oon OfIvIfy CCC, run
AufodIscovory, und confIguro fho CCC ofIons. In fhIs urf you vIII Iourn
fo:
!un Cunus Connund Confor
IdonfIfy oquInonf fyo und ugonf IovoI
Sof CCC Iroforoncos
Add u nov cusfon foIdor fo CCC
Add u sIngIo nov dovIco fo CCC
Suvo your confIgurufIon fIIo for CCC
CCC hus u convonIonf fooIbur for Ifs Inorfunf uIIcufIon conononfs.
You cun fInd ouf vhuf ouch Icon nouns by hoIdIng fho rIghf nouso buffon
ovor fho Icon.
l. !un Cunus Connund Confor.
u. On fho HIOV nuIn nonu, chooso fho AIIcufIons uII dovn nonu.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-153
b. On fho AIIcufIons uII dovn nonu, chooso Cunus Connund
Confor.
c. Onco Cunus Connund Confor Is ucfIvo, run fho AufodIscovory
rocoss us oufIInod In fho rovIous ucfIvIfy.
2. IdonfIfy oquInonf fyo und ugonf IovoI.
u. Iron fho CCC foIdors unoI, cIIck on fho Hubs foIdor.
b. In fho Confonfs unoI, chooso your hub und doubIo-cIIck on If.
c. Tho Sunnury fub of fho AffrIbufos unoI shouId nov dIsIuy
InfornufIon for fho hub fhuf you huvo choson.
3. Sof CCC Iroforoncos.
Thoro uro fvo roforonco nonus for uso vIfhIn CCC. Ono Is for hubs
und fho ofhor for foIdors.
SoIocf u hub und roforoncos uIIov you fo soIocf Vorboso nodo,
Oon Iusf ConfIgurufIon, und Aufo Sorf.
SoIocf u foIdor und roforoncos uIIov chungos fo fhroshoIds und oII
InforvuIs for fho AffrIbufos HouIfh fub.
You vIII nov sof sono CCC roforoncos. Iof`s suy you vunf fo soo noro
dofuIIs on fho objocfs vIfhIn your foIdors:
u. In fho Confonfs unoI, soIocf u hub.
b. IuII dovn fho CCC OfIon nonu und chooso Iroforoncos.
c. SoIocf fho Vorboso box on fho vIndov fhuf uours.
CCC dIsIuys fho nunbor of objocfs vIfhIn ouch foIdor.
d. CIIck fho Oon Iusf ConfIgurufIon buffon.
Tho suvod confIgurufIon vIII bo usod ouch fIno you oon CCC. Iy
dofuuIf Aufosorf confonfs Is soIocfod.
o. CIIck OI.
Tho CCC foIdors nov dIsIuy fho nunbor of objocfs vIfhIn ouch foIdor.
____________________________ Note__________________________
Tho fhroo unoI sIzos nuy bo udjusfod by cIIckIng und druggIng fho
dIvIdors. If nuy bo nocossury fo novo fho dIvIdor bofvoon fho Confonfs
und AffrIbufos unoIs fo soo ovoryfhIng In fho AffrIbufos unoI.
___________________________________________________________________
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-154 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
4. Add u nov cusfon foIdor fo CCC.
u. CIIck fho ov IoIdor buffon on fho CCC fooIbur or uII dovn fho
IdIf nonu und chooso ov IoIdor.
b. Tyo your foun`s nuno for fho nuno of fho foIdor und cIIck OI.
ConfIrn fhuf u nov foIdor Is croufod.
c. CIIck fho Hubs foIdor.
d. In fho Confonfs unoI, hoId dovn fho |CfrI] koy, cIIck und hoId fho
Ioff nouso buffon on your foun`s MM, und drug fho Icon fo fho
nov foIdor. Oon fho nov foIdor fo confIrn fhuf fho hub hus boon
coIod fo fho nov IocufIon.
Tho hub ronuIns In Ifs orIgInuI IocufIon und Is coIod fo fho nov
foIdor. Io curofuI, If you drug und dro u dovIco vIfhouf fho |CfrI]
koy, fho dovIco Is novod, rufhor fhun coIod.
5. Add u sIngIo nov dovIco fo CCC.
u. WIfh fho cusfon foIdor you jusf croufod soIocfod, cIIck fho Add
buffon In fho fooIbur or chooso Add ovIco fron fho IdIf nonu.
Tho Add ovIco vIndov oons.
b. In fho ovIco Tyo fIoId, soIocf u rInf sorvor Icon for fho dovIco.
c. In fho Hosf uno fIoId, fyo your foun`s nuno.
d. Infor fho nofvork uddross of your foun`s nunugononf sfufIon.
o. Chungo fho soIocfIon buffon for Munugononf Tyo fo IIng.
f. CIIck Suvo.
An Icon vIfh fho dovIco`s II uddross Is uddod fo fho urorIufo
foIdor.
CIIck Yos fo onfor fho dovIco Info fho dufubuso. SoIocf Sorvors fron
fho IoIdors unoI und hIghIIghf fho nov dovIco und Ing If fo
confIrn connocfIvIfy.
6. Suvo your confIgurufIon fIIo for CCC.
u. On fho IIIo nonu, chooso Suvo As.
b. Infor your foun`s nuno foIIovod by fho oxfonsIon .CCC for fho
nuno of fho CCC confIgurufIon fIIo. Tho confIgurufIon fIIo Is suvod
In fho dIrocfory [driveid]:\OPT\BIN.
c. CIIck OI.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Network Protocols
ST0025805A 1-155
Rubric: Suggested EvaIuation Criteria and Weighting
Criteria % Your Score
SuccossfuI conIofIon of ucfIvIfy l5
AccurufoIy foIIovs dIrocfIons l5
ConIofo, uccurufo rosonsos fo Iub ucfIvIfy
quosfIons
l5
ConIofo sunnury of oxorIoncos und un
InsIghffuI unuIysIs of hov u nofvork nunugor
nIghf uso fhIs soffvuro fo hoI Inrovo nofvork
orfornunco.
20
Sunnury IncIudod In orffoIIo l5
IurfIcIufIon und cooorufIvo founvork durIng
ucfIvIfy
20
OtLev
TOTAI 100

Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-156 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Summary
Lesson 3: Network ProtocoIs
In fhIs unIf, you Iournod fo do fho foIIovIng:
IxIuIn hov svIfchos uso Iuyor 2 rofocoIs fo sognonf u nofvork und
obfuIn hurdvuro uddrossos
oscrIbo TCI/II rofocoIs und fhoIr roIufIonshI fo svIfchIng
IxIuIn fho funcfIon of IoofI, TITI, und A!I
oscrIbo HCI und oxIuIn Ifs Inorfunco In nofvorkIng
IfforonfIufo bofvoon !II und OSII
Unit 1 Review Questions
Name_______________________
ST0025805A 1-157
Review Questions Name_______________________
Lesson 3: Network ProtocoIs
IrocfIons: SoIocf fho bosf unsvor.
l. WhIch uddross(os) boIov vouId bo vuIId on u WA nofvork
u. IhysIcuI MAC Addross
b. IogIcuI sfufIc II uddross
c. IogIcuI dynunIc II uddross
d. AII of fho ubovo
2. WhIch of fho foIIovIng sfufononfs ubouf uddrossos Is fuIso.
u. Tho MAC uddross uIvuys ronuIns fho suno
b. Iuyor 4 rofocoIs IdonfIfy sourco und dosfInufIon MAC uddrossos on
u IA
c. Tho IogIcuI uddross unIquoIy IdonfIfIos u nofvork dovIco und Ifs
nofvork sognonf
d. If u conufor Is novod fo unofhor nofvork, fho II uddross chungos
3. WhIch of fho foIIovIng sfufononfs ubouf frunsorf Iuyor rofocoIs
(TCI) Is fuIso
u. TCI rovIdos ond-fo-ond roIIubIo doIIvory
b. TCI cun Ioso dufu If If Is conIng foo fusf
c. TCI nukos suro fhuf uII uckofs uro rocoIvod orror-froo
d. TCI onsuros fhuf uII uckofs uro In fho rIghf ordor
o. TCI onsuros fhuf no uckof Is duIIcufod
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-158 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
4. WhIch of fho foIIovIng sfufononfs ubouf II uddrossIng Is fruo
u. An II uddross Is nof nocossury fo frunsnIf dufu ovor fho Infornof
b. Whon u nofvork connocfs fo fho Infornof, ouch dovIco nusf huvo u
unIquo II uddross obfuInod fron un Infornof uufhorIfy
c. Tho socond urf of fho II uddross IdonfIfIos fho nofvork vhoro fho
dovIco Is Iocufod
d. Tho fIrsf urf of fho II uddross IdonfIfIos fho dovIco on fhuf nofvork
5. Iron your roudIng on dynunIc und sfufIc II uddrossos, vhIch of fho
foIIovIng Is fuIso.
u. HCI Is un oxfonsIon of IoofI fo dynunIcuIIy ussIgn un II uddross
fron u confruIIy nunugod HCI sorvor
b. ynunIc uddrossIng oIInInufos fyIng u II uddrossos fhuf uro nof
In uso
c. HCI und IoofI bofh nofIfy u hosf of Ifs II uddross vhon
connocfIng fo u nofvork
d. A sorvor cun huvo u dynunIc II uddross
6. WhIch of fho foIIovIng sfufononfs ubouf TITI Is fuIso
u. TrIvIuI IIIo Trunsfor rofocoI (TITI) Is u rofocoI vIfhIn fho !sor
ufugrun IrofocoI (!I)
b. TITI oxIsfs In rogrunnubIo roud-onIy nonory (I!OM) of u
dovIco
c. TITI confuIns onIy fvo fyos of TITI uckofs: !!Q und ufu
d. TITI cun bo usod vIfh IoofI for InsfuIIIng u ronofo nofvork
oorufIng sysfon
o. TITI gofs IoofI dufu buck und forfh bofvoon fho boof sorvor und
fho cIIonf dovIco
?. WhIch of fho foIIovIng sfufononfs Is fuIso.
u. Whon InfornufIon Is buIIf Info hurdvuro, If Is uIvuys sIovor fhun
soffvuro
b. !nfII roconfIy svIfchos voro Iuyor 2 dovIcos und nof cuubIo of
roufIng ucross nofvorks
c. SvIfchIng roufors (uIso cuIIod Iuyor 3 svIfchos) und uro fusfor fhun
roufors bocuuso sono of fho roufIng rofocoIs uro nov buIIf Info fho
hurdvuro
Unit 1 Review Questions
Name_______________________
ST0025805A 1-159
d. !oufors und svIfchIng roufors uso Iuyor 3 roufIng rofocoIs fo novo
dufu fruffIc fron ono nofvork fo unofhor by fho fusfosf roufo(s)
uvuIIubIo
8. SvIfchIng roufors cun roufo ucross sInIIur und dIssInIIur nofvork
sognonfs croufIng VIAs, un ubbrovIufIon for:
u. VIrfuuI IogIcuI Arou ofvorks
b. VIrfuuI IocuI Arou ofvorks
c. Vocfor IocuI Arou ofvorks
9. Iron your roudIng on fho !II roufIng rofocoI, vhIch of fho foIIovIng
sfufononfs Is fuIso
u. !oufIng InfornufIon IrofocoI (!II) cuIcuIufos fho dIsfunco bofvoon
fvo oInfs ovor u vurIofy of roufos, soIocfIng fho shorfosf ufh
b. InfornufIon on ufhs Is sforod und udufod In u dufubuso fubIo for
fho roufIng dovIco
c. ThIs dufubuso InfornufIon Is shurod vIfh ofhor dovIcos
d. !II Is un oIdor roufIng rofocoIs und vorks voII for Iurgor nofvork
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-160 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
l0. Iron your roudIng on fho OSII roufIng rofocoI, vhIch of fho foIIovIng
sfufononfs Is fuIso
u. Oon Shorfosf Iufh IIrsf (OSII) Is u IInk sfufo rofocoI soIufIon
fhuf doos nof uso dIsfunco-vocfor uIgorIfhns
b. OSII doos nof jusf oxunIno fho dIsfunco bofvoon fvo oInfs, buf
fukos Info consIdorufIon Tyo of SorvIco (TOS) such us sood of dufu
frunsnIssIon und fuuIf foIorunco of u IIno
c. To bo noro offIcIonf, OSII IInIfs IfsoIf fo II rofocoI fo consfrucf
roufIng fubIos
d. OSII brouks nofvorks Info socfIons cuIIod urous, dofInod by fruffIc
ufforns, nof googruhIcuI IocufIons
o. Arous IInIf dovn-fIno, roufIng fubIo odIfs, und ofhor urunofors fo
jusf ono urou of u nofvork
Unit 1 Scoring
ST0025805A 1-161
Scoring
Criteria % Your Score
IxIuIn hov svIfchos uso Iuyor 2 rofocoIs fo
sognonf u nofvork und obfuIn hurdvuro
uddrossos
20
oscrIbo TCI/II rofocoIs und fhoIr
roIufIonshI fo svIfchIng
20
IxIuIn fho funcfIon of IoofI, TITI, und
A!I
20
oscrIbo HCI und oxIuIn Ifs Inorfunco In
nofvorkIng.
20
IfforonfIufo bofvoon !II und OSII 20
TOTAL 100
Try It Out: Tho WIndovs 95/98 !fIIIfIos 100
Stretch YourseIf: IuIIdIng u MAC
IorvurdIng TubIo
100
Network Wizards: ConurIng SvIfchos 100
Review 100
FINAL TOTAL 500
Networking Concepts Unit 1
1-162 ST0025805A Switching and Network Management
Resources:
Aschornunn, !oborf (l998). MCS1 AeIuorling 1ssenIiols for Dunnies.
IG Iooks WorIdvIdo, Inc. Iosfor CIfy, CuIIfornIu.
IIuck, urryI I. (l999). BuilJing SuiIcIeJ AeIuorls. MulIilo,er
SuiIcIing, QoS, 1I MulIicosI, AeIuorl Iolic,, onJ Sertice Letel
AgreenenIs. AddIson-WosIoy, !oudIng, Mussuchusoffs.
Iorf, GIon (l998). MCS1 AeIuorling 1ssenIiols. AexI CeneroIion
Troining SeconJ 1JiIion. ov !Idors IubIIshIng, IndIunuoIIs, IndIunu.
Cusud, Joo, of uI (l99?). MSC1 TesIIrep AeIuorling 1ssenIiols. ov
!Idors IubIIshIng, IndIunuoIIs, IndIunu.
ChoIIIs, Junos; IorkIns, ChurIos; & Sfrobo, Muffhov (l99?). MCS1
AeIuorling 1ssenIiols SIuJ, CuiJe. Sybox Inc., AIunodu, CuIIfornIu.
ConufIng und ConnunIcufIons SorvIcos OffIco, !nIvorsIfy of IIIInoIs uf
!rbunu-ChunuIgn (l999). AeIuorl AJninisIroIor`s Surtitol HonJIool.
AvuIIubIo: vvv.nfx2.cso.uIuc.odu/nns/nofvork_ndnInIsfrnfor.hfn |l999, Muy
l3].
Grofh, uvId. Iorgorson, Ion. Cufuru-Housor, TIn (l999). AeIuorl+ SIuJ,
CuiJe. Sybox Inc., AIunodu, CuIIfornIu.
orfoI ofvorks (l998). 1nIerneIuorling IunJonenIols. SIuJenI CuiJe
Iuy ofvorks Inc. IIIIorIcu, Mussuchusoffs.
orfoI ofvorks (l999). AeIKnouleJge. 1nIerneIuorling IunJonenIols.
orfoI ofvorks, IIIIorIcu, Mussuchusoffs.
orfoI ofvorks (l999). AeIKnouleJge. IouIing. orfoI ofvorks,
IIIIorIcu, Mussuchusoffs.
IuInor, MIchuoI J. (l998). HonJs-On AeIuorling 1ssenIiols uiII IrojecIs,
Courso TochnoIogy, Inc. CunbrIdgo, Mussuchusoffs.
TrInIfy CoIIogo ubIIn, Conufor ScIonco ourfnonf, ofvorks &
ToIoconnunIcufIons !osourch Grou (l999). TIe OS1 Ieference MoJel.
AvuIIubIo: gnngos.cs.fcd.Io/4Ln2/Indox.hfnI |l999, Muy l3].