Chemistry

Name: Nikita Jaitly Period ___ Date ___/___/___

T h e M o l e C o n c e p t U n i t 4

Moles, Molecules, and Grams Lab

As we !e already disc"ssed in class# it s easy to make con!ersions $etween moles# molec"les/%orm"la "nits# and &rams' (or e)ample# i% we want to &o %rom moles to &rams# we "se the molar mass to make this con!ersion' *% we want to &o %rom moles to molec"les# we "se A!o&adro s n"m$er# or +',) .,-/' (inally# i% we want to &o %rom &rams to molec"les/%orm"la "nits# we 0"st "se a two step process where we %irst con!ert %rom &rams to moles# and then %rom moles to molec"les/('U' 1is"ally# it looks like this: Molar mass 2rams Units +',- ) .,-/ Moles Molec"les/(orm"la

*n this la$# we will $e wei&hin& o"t %i!e di%%erent s"$stances then %indin& o"t how many moles and molec"les/('U' o% each one we ha!e' Prelab: *% yo" meas"re o"t -3', &rams o% Na45 in this la$# how many moles o% Na45 wo"ld yo" ha!e6 5ow many %orm"la "nits6 7a8 . mole o% Na45 9 4,',,:& 7molar mass8 .&9./4,',,: moles -3 &ms o% Na45 9 ./4,',,:;-3 moles9,'+-3moles * mole 9 +',-/ ; ., <-/ %orm"la "nits ,'+-3 moles 9 ,'+-3;+',-;.,<-/9/'=+-;.,<-/ %orm"la "nits Lab: *n this la$# there are %i!e di%%erent $alances set "p# each o% which has a la$eled s"$stance in a little 0ar ne)t to it' >o"r 0o$ is to %ind o"t how many moles and how many molec"les o% each s"$stance are in the canister' ?ome Make in%ormation yo" mi&ht %ind "se%"l: sand $akin& soda 7Na5C4/8 chalk 7CaC4/8 ta$le salt 7NaCl8 s"&ar: s"crose 7C.-5--4..8 s"re that yo"r la$ has a data ta$le that contains the %ollowin&: The name o% each o% these s"$stances The %orm"la %or each o% these s"$stances The molar mass o% each o% these s"$stances The mass in &rams o% each o% these s"$stances'

@hen yo" are done wei&hin& each material# calc"late the n"m$er o% moles o% each material# and the n"m$er o% molec"les o% each one# and p"t them in the ri&ht space' All calc"lations m"st $e shown on lined paper with all con!ersion %actors and "nit cancellin&'

Data Table: Name (orm"la Molar Mass Mass in 2rams ?and ?i4+,',:4 & .',3 Bakin& ?oda Na5C4/ :4',,+& .'/= Chalk CaCo/ .,,',:: & .'=3 Ta$le ?alt NaCl 3:'44/& ,':3 ?"&ar C.-5--4.
.

/4-'-A3 & ,'=,

Calculations: Usin& yo"r data# %ind the %ollowin& !al"es' Make s"re to show all work and write all n"m$ers with the correct si&ni%icant %i&"res' .a' N"m$er o% moles o% sand: ,',.= moles . mole9 +,',:4& .&9./+,',:4 moles .',3 &m o% sand 9 .;.',3/+,',:4 9 ,',.= moles $' N"m$er o% molec"les o% sand:.',3-;.,<-- molec"les o% sand . mole9+',-/;.,<-/molec"les ,',.= moles 9 ,',.= ; +',-/;.,<-/ molec"les9.',3-;.,<-- molec"les -a' N"m$er o% moles o% $akin& soda: ,',.+ moles . mole9 :4',,3A& .&9./:4',,3Amoles ./:4',,3A;.'/=9,',.+ moles $' N"m$er o% %orm"la "nits o% $akin& soda: A':-/;.,<-. %orm"la "nits . mole9 +',-/;.,<-/ %orm"la "nits ,',.+ moles 9 ,',.+; +',-/;.,<-/ %orm"la "nits /' N"m$er o% %orm"la "nits o% chalk: .',3/;.,<-- %orm"la "nits 5int: ?trin& two con!ersions to&ether . mole9.,,',::& .&9 ./.,,',::moles .'=3&m o% chalk 9 .'=3; 7./.,,',::8 moles 9 ,',.=3 moles .mole9+',-/;.,<-/ %orm"la "nits

,',.=3 moles9,',.=3 ;+',-;.,<-/ 9.',3/;.,<-- %orm"la "nits 4' N"m$er o% %orm"la "nits o% salt: :'=3A ; .,<-. %orm"la "nits . mole9 3:'44/& .&9./3:'44/ moles ,':3 &m o% salt 9 ,':3 ; 7./3:'44/8 9 ,',.43 moles . mole 9 +',-/ ; .,<-/ %orm"la "nits ,',.43 moles 9 ,',.43 ; +',-/ ; .,<-/ 9 :'=3A ; .,<-. %orm"la "nits 3' N"m$er o% molec"les o% s"&ar: .'-/.;.,<-. molec"les . mole o% s"&ar 9/4-'-A3& .& o% s"&ar 9.//4-'-A3moles ,'=, &ms o% s"&ar 9 ,'= ;7.//4-'-A38 9 ,',,-moles .mole9+',-;.,<-/ molec"les ,',,- moles o% s"&ar 9 ,',,- ; +',-;.,<-/ 9 .'-/.;.,<-.molec"les Post Lab Questions: .' @hich o% the materials we worked with had the lar&est n"m$er o% molec"les/%orm"la "nits6 @as this the material that had the lar&est wei&ht6 @hy6 Chalk has the lar&est n"m$er o% molec"lar %orm"la "nits' *t does not ha!e the lar&est molar wei&ht' Car&est molar wei&ht was that o% s"&ar' Chalk has the lar&est n"m$er o% molec"les $eca"se it has the lar&est n"m$er o% moles at ,',.=3 moles in the &i!en sample' -' @ater has a molec"lar %orm"la o% 5-4' *% * ha!e 3,', & o% water# how many moles o% water do * ha!e6 5ow many molec"les6 Molar mass o% 5-4 9 - ) .',,=A D . ) .3'AAA 9 .:',.3&m .&m o% water 9 ./.:',.3 moles 9 ,',3+moles 3, &m o% water 9 3,; ,',3+ 9 -'==+ moles' . mole 9 +',-/ ) .,<-/ molec"les -'==+ moles 9 -'==+ ; +',-/ ; .,<-/ 9 .'+=- ) .,<-4 molec"les /' B"tane has a molec"lar %orm"la o% C45.,' *% * ha!e 3,', &rams o% $"tane# how many moles o% nat"ral &as do * ha!e6 5ow many molec"les6 Molar mass o% B"tane 9 3:'.-4&m . &m o% $"tane 9 ./3:'.-4 9 ,',.=moles 3, &m o% $"tane 9 3, ; ,',.= 9 ,':+, moles . mole 9 +',-/ ; ., <-/ molec"les ,':+ moles 9 ,':+ ; +',-/ ; .,<-/ 9 3'.:. ; .,<-/ molec"les' 4' * had the same wei&ht o% water and $"tane in pro$lems / and 4' @hy didn t the answer come o"t the same6 E)plain'

Answer to the a$o!e two F"estions are di%%erent# as the molar mass o% water and B"tane are di%%erent' ?ince the molar mass o% B"tane is a lot hi&her# it comprises %ewer moles in the same wei&ht res"ltin& in %ewer n"m$er o% molec"les'