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schoolphysics ::Welcome::
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The diagram in Figure 1 shows a simplified and enlarged view of a section of a wire carrying a current. The electrons are in random motion but if a potential difference is applied across the wire with the right hand end positive the free electrons drift slowly towards that end. It is possible to measure the electron drift velocity (v) using the experiment outlined in the following Student Investigation.
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schoolphysics ::Welcome::
In one second an electron will have moved a distance v down the wire but since there are n electrons per unit volume the total number moving through this distance will be nAv. Therefore since the charge on an electron is e the current I (which is the charge moving past any point in the wire) is:
You can compare this energy loss with the change in energy of runners in a steeplechase. The energy loss of the athletes when going over the barriers represents the energy that electrons transfer when they pass through a resistor.
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schoolphysics ::Welcome::
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