1(a) Draw the involute of the circle of diameter 40 mm.

Procedure 1. With O as centre draw a circle of radius 20 mm. 2. Let point A be the generating point/starting point. 3. Di ide the circle into 12 e!ual parts and gi e notations. ". #f a thread to be partl$ unwound from the point A upto 1 1% the point A will mo e to the position 1 1 such that 1&11 is e!ual to the arc length 1&A and also the line 1& 1 1 is tangent to the circle. '. (o get the point 11 through point 1& draw a line tangent to the circle. )ar* the point 1 1 such that 1& 11+arc length 1&A ,. -imilarl$ get the points 21% 31% "1..... /. 0oin the points 11% 21% 31. b$ smooth cur e. (he cur e obtained is an in olute.

1(b) (i) Differentiate first angle projection with third angle projection First angle projection hird angle projection

Ob1ect lies between obser er and the plane of 2lane of pro1ection lies between the ob1ect and the pro1ection obser er 3ront iew comes abo e the top iew 3ront iew comes below the top iew

(he left side iew will come to the right of the front (he left side iew will come to the left of the front iew iew.

1(b) (ii) Draw the orthogaphic views for the given isometric views using free hand.

Procedure 1. 3ind the o erall length%width and height of solid. 2. 4sing these alues draw the boundaries/rectangle for front %top and side iews as per the first angle of pro1ection . 3. Draw the isible and in isible lines of the ob1ects in all three iews. ". Draw the centre lines for the circle.

'. Dar*en all the isible lines b$ thic* continuous line and hidden lines b$ thic* dashed line t$pe.

!(a) (i) Draw the projections of following points on a common reference line a) P" #$ mm behind the %P and !0 mm below the &P b) ' " 40 mm infront of %P and #0 mm above the &P c) (" $0 mm behind the %P and 1$ mm above the &P d) )" 40 mm below &P and in the %P e) " #0 mm infront of %P and $0 mm below the &P

Procedure (Point P) 1. 2. 3. ". Draw 56 line Draw a pro1ector at the left end of the 56 line )ar* point p&on it 20mm below 56% which is the front iew of the point p. On the same pro1ector mar* 2 3'mm abo e 56 line which is the top iew

Procedure (Point ') 1. 2. 3. ". Draw the 7$ reference line Draw a pro1ector 8line perpendicular to 569 at middle of the 56 line 20 mm from the pro1ection p. )ar* point !& on it 30mmabo e 56% which is the front iew of the point !. On the same pro1ector mar* ! "0mm below 56 line% which is the top iew of the point !.

Procedure (Point () 1. Draw the 56 reference line 2. Draw a pro1ector somewhere in the middle of the 56 line 3. )ar* point r& on it 1'mm abo e 56% which is the front iew of the point r ". On the same pro1ector mar* r '0mm abo e 56 line% which is the top iew of the point r. Procedure (Point )) 1. 2. 3. ". Draw the 56 reference line Draw a pro1ector somewhere in the middle of the 56 line )ar* point s& on it "0mm below 56% which is the front iew of the point s. On the same pro1ector mar* s on 56 line% this is the top iew of the point s.

Procedure (Point ) 1. 2. 3. ". Draw the 56 reference line Draw a pro1ector somewhere in the middle of the 56 line )ar* point t& on it '0mm below 56% which is the front iew of the point t. On the same pro1ector mar* t 30mm below 56% this is the top iew of the point t.

!(a) (ii) he end P of a line P'" *0 mm long is 1$ mm above &P and !0 mm infront of %P its plan is inclined at 4$+ to the %P. Draw the projections of the line and find its true inclinations with the %P.

Procedure 1. Draw the 56 line 2. Draw the point 2& 1' mm abo e 56 and on the same pro1ector 2 20 mm below of 56 3. Draw /0 mm long line parallel to 56 mar* point !& ". 2ro1ect !& till it meets the point !% which is pro1ected from p drawn at "': to ;2. '. )easure the true inclination.

!(b) , circular plate of diameter *0 mm has the end P of diameter P' in &P and the plate is inclined at 40+ to &P. draw its projections (i) the diameter P' appears to be inclined at 4$+ to the %P in the top view (ii) the diameter P' ma-es 4$+ with %P.

Procedure 1. Draw the top iew first a circle of radius 3' mm.Di ide the circle into 12 e!ual points.Draw pro1ectors from these points to meet 7$ at 1&./&.0oin all the points which gi es the front iew. 2. (ile the front iew *eeping the point 1&touching the 7$ inclined at "0 :to 7$ 3. Draw pro1ectors from tilted front iew and hori<ontal lines from the top iew to meet at point1%2..12 ". Draw a smooth cur e along these points to get the new top iew. '. (ilt this top iew so that line 1%/ ma*es an angle of "': to 56 ,. Draw ertical pro1ectors from tilted top iew 1%2 and lines parallel to 56 from the front iew 1&./& to meet at point 1%2%%%%12& /. Draw a smooth cur e in free hand along these points to get the final front iew.

#(a) Draw the projection of he.agonal prism of base side !0 mm and a.is length $0 mm when its rests on the ground on one of the edges of the base and a.is is inclined at #$ deg to the ground and parallel to vp.

Procedure 1. 2reliminar$ top iew 8he7agon9 is drawn first with the a7is of the prism perpendicular to the ground and one of the edges of the base perpendicular to the ;2. 3ront iew is pro1ected from it. 2. (hen the front iew is tilted so that the a7is is inclined at 3': to 56. (he second top iew is pro1ected from the tilted front iew 3. (he upper end p1% !1% r1% s1% t1% u1 is isible and is drawn b$ using thic* lines. (he longer edges are drawn ne7t and other end is finished at the end. (he prism rests on the ground on the edge , 1 of the base. (he longer edgesp1 and u 1,1 are hidden but parts of them coincide with isible edges. (he edges 2111%11,1 and ,1'1 of the lower end are hidden.

#(b) , s/uare p0ramid of base side #0 mm and height $0 mm rests on the ground on one of its base edges such that its a.is is inclined at 4$+ to the ground and parallel to %P draw its projections.

Procedure 1. Draw the top iew of the solid in simple position a s!uare of base side 30 mm. 2. Draw the front iew in simple position with height of '0 mm. 3. =edraw the front iew so that the a7is of the solid is ma*ing "': with 56. ". Draw ertical pro1ections from the front iewpoints p 1&%s1&%o1& to meet the hori<ontal pro1ections from top iew '. 0oin !1%r1%o1%s1 and p1 with continuous lines as the$ are isible as the e7treme boundar$ lines. all the edges of the base 8s 1p19% 8p1!19% 8!1r19 are isible as that base is nearer to the obser er. (he base edge r1s1 is in isible as onl$ the top portion of the remaining portion is in isible.

4(a) , c0linder of diameter 10 mm and height 20 mm has a central he.agonal slot of side !0 mm running right through the length. he c0linder is l0ing on the &P with its a.is perpendicular to %P. , vertical cutting plane cuts the c0linder in such a wa0 that it meets the base at 1 mm from diametricall0 opposites end. Draw the sectional front view and the true shape of the section.

Procedure 1. Draw the top and front iew of the c$linder reconsidering the a7is is perpendicular to ;2 and show the cutting plane b$ its >(. 2. (he cutting plane cuts the bases at four points 1% 2% 3% ". All the inner edges at the corners of the he7agonal slot are also cut and the cutting points are numbered as '% ,% /% ?% @ and 10. 3. 2ro1ect points 1% 2% 3% " to the front iew on the circle as 1&% 2&%...etc. pro1ect points ' to 10 as '&% ,& coinciding with the corners of the he7agon. >atch the sectioned surface in the front iew.

". 2ro1ect the true shape on 7 1$1 drawn parallel to the >( and obtain the same 1 1&% 21&% 31&% "1& with an e7tended he7agonal slot'1&% ,1&% /1&% ?1&% @1&% 101&. '. 3inish the drawing.

4(b) , pentagonal p0ramid" side of base #0 mm and height $! mm" stands with its base on &P and an edge of the base is parallel to %P and nearer to it. 3t is cut b0 a plane perpendicular to %P" inclined at 40+ to &P and passing through a point on the a.is" #! mm above the base. Draw the sectional top view and true shape of the section.

Procedure 1. Draw the top iew *eeping one of the base parallel to 56 line and nearer to it. 2. (hen pro1ect its corresponding front iew 3. Aame the points top and front iew ". Draw the cutting plane line ;( in ele ation such that its inclined at "0: >2 and cutting the a7is at a point 32 mm abo e the base. '. (he slant edges o&a&% o&b&% o&c&% o&d& and o&e& are cut respecti el$ at points 1&% 2&% 3&% "& and '& in front iew ,. 2ro1ect these points to the corresponding slant edges in plan /. -ince the slant edge o&b& is perpendicular to 56. (he point 2& cant pro1ected directl$. (o get the point 2 pro1ect 2& on o&c& as 21& and then pro1ect it to the plan and mar* 2 1 on oc. ?. 0oin these points 1% 2% 3% " and ' b$ straight lines in proper se!uence to get the re!uired sectional top iew @. Draw a line 5161 parallel ;( at an$ con enient distance. Aow draw the pro1ectors from 1&% '&% 2&% "& and 3& perpendicular to 5161. 10. )ar* the points 11% 21% 31% "1% and '1 on these pro1ectors with respect to 5 161 b$ transferring in the ertical height of 1% 2% 3% " and ' from 56 in plan. 11. 0oin these point in se!uence to get the true shape and hatch it.

$(a) , he.agonal prism of base side !0 mm and height 40 mm has a s/uare hole of side 11 mm at the centre. he a.es of the s/uare and he.agonal prism coincide. 4ne of the faces of the s/uare hole is parallel to a face of the he.agonal prism. Draw the isometric projection of the prism with hole to full scale.

Procedure 1. Draw the plan of the ob1ect and enclose the he7agon in a bo7. 2. Bonstruct the isometric iew of the bo7 with the two 30: ma*ing isometric a7is. 3. )ar* the centre of the base plane and with respect to it draw the s!uare. ". -imilarl$ draw the isometric s!uare for the top face. '. -ince the top face of the s!uare is isible dar*en the same b$ free hand in continuous line t$pe. Draw the base of the s!uare b$ dashed line t$pe. $(b) Draw the perspective view of figure a shown below. &ere one end of the longer edge is in PP and is inclined at !$ deg to PP. he station point is 50 mm in front of PP and $0 mm above &P l0ing on a central plane through the right e.treme vertical edges.