NAME SIN SUBJECT

: YUNES APLIA MUSTIKA : 1201112973 : ENGLISH II

THE JAPANESE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND SOFT POWER : MANGA AND ANIME IN INDONESIA

INTRODUCTION Japan using the public diplomacy to maintaining its existance in other countries including Indonesia. By its public diplomacy, Japan made a new power which said soft power. One of the Japanese soft power is manga (Japanese comic) and anime (Japanese animation) which very popular in international public, especially in Indonesia. Based on that argument, this paper describes about what is the public diplomacy and soft power? And how can manga and anime become Japanese soft power in Indonesia? Which that will devide become two part in this paper.

A. WHAT IS THE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND SOFT POWER? According to The Murrow Center (2013), "Public diplomacy ... It encompasses dimensions of international relations beyond traditional

diplomacy; the cultivation by governments of public opinion in other countries ..." and soft power is a power which uses a different type of currency (not force, not money) to engender cooperation-an attraction to shared values and the justness and duty of contributing to the achievement of those values. (Nye, 2004). Thus, public diplomacy is an effort of a country to persuade other countries to inculcate its values and soft power is a tool of public diplomacy to propagate that values in other countries which usually use cultural power like anime and manga as a tool of Japanese public diplomacy.

B. HOW CAN MANGA AND ANIME BECOME JAPANESE SOFT POWER IN INDONESIA? Japan using its soft power to propagate its cultures and image of a peaceful Japan to other countries which purpose to make a good name in international public, and cause that Japan can get bigger role in the world society. (Toshiya, 2011: 15). It is one of Japans purpose in executing its public diplomacy using its soft power. Before manga and anime as tool of Japanese public diplomacy, Japan had Japan Foundation, Japan Exchange and Teaching Program to propagate its cultures. From this effort, Japan hope to they whom studied in Japan, back to their country become a cultural ambassadors and make a cooperation between Japan and their countries. (Lam, 2007: 355). But, in globalization era, cultural development like manga and anime more effective to persuade the international public because the peoples prefer which instan products and easier to get it on TV or internet. Manga and anime not only as a book and movie but also become item of industry which have many devotees. Every two weeeks or once a month, the new series of manga published and become an entertainment for its devotees. Devotee of manga and anime said otaku and cosplay (costume-player) which focus to imitate and wear costume of manga and anime characters and usually they make events and competitions about manga and anime which on the local and national levels. (Effendi, 2012: 8). The matters also happening in Indonesia. In Indonesia, manga and anime is very popular among childrens, teenagers, and adults. The kind of anime which taken from manga story like Naruto, One Piece, Conan and others that is an entertainment which become a new hobby in Indonesia. At this time, many otaku appear in Indonesia like in Malang that is Cosuki and J-zone. Besides, otaku also appear on internet which changing over each other informations about manga and anime. This conditions have influences to Indonesia nation such as otaku will effort to find all of about manga and anime which contain Japanese cultures and they want to out of their money and also some of otaku have work hard to get money for manga and anime. Besides, any people trying to mixing between

Japanese culture and Indonesia culture such as harajutik (harajuku and batik), harajuku is Japanese fashion and batik is Indonesia fashion. (Effendi, 2012) and most of otaku have desire to learn Japanese language and go to Japan. Many people of indonesia like manga and anime make they love to Japanese culture which later will make impacts to fade Indonesia cultures. This condition become a soft power of Japan. If a society loved Japanese cultures that will give ease to Japan to make cooperation with that country and strengthening Japan position in that country which initially using its cultural power will be an economic power of Japan from results of manga and anime sale. That is happening in Indonesia.

CONCLUSION Japanese public diplomacy using its soft power that is manga and anime which purpose to development its cultures to other countries so that get ease to make coorperation and get bigger leadership role in international public. In Indonesia, manga and anime also using by Japan as tool public diplomacy to propagate its cultures and increasing its economic power in Indonesia from manga and anime sale. Besides, the popularity of Japanese cultures in Indonesia affecting to fade of Indonesia cultures.

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