Quiz No.

3 Wastewater Collection SOLUTION

1. The present population of a certain colony in a city is 10000. The present (Year 2003) per capita average water supply to the colony is 180 lpcd (liters per capita per day). The population of the colony is expected to be 45000 at the end of the design period of 20 years (Year 2023). Per capita average water supply at the end of the design period is expected to be 240 lpcd. The entire wastewater generated in the colony is collected and discharged through a connecting sewer to one of the trunk sewers of the city. Determine an acceptable slope and diameter of this sewer. Make appropriate assumptions wherever required and state them explicitly. d/D 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Solution: Present Population (in Year 2003) = 10,000 Present Average Water Supply (in Year 2003) = 10,000.(180) = 1.8 million liters per day Assuming that 80 percent water becomes wastewater, Present Average Wastewater Generation = 1.8.(0.8) = 1.44 million liters per day Assuming a Peaking Factor of 3, Present Peak Wastewater Generation = 3.(1.44) = 4.32 million liters per day Present Peak Wastewater Generation = Design Population (in Year 2023) = 45,000 v/V 1.000 1.124 1.140 1.120 1.072 1.000 0.902 0.776 0.615 0.401 q/Q 1.000 1.066 0.968 0.838 0.671 0.500 0.337 0.196 0.088 0.021 Mannings Formula

V = Velocity in m/s R = Hydraulic Radius, m S = Slope in m/1000m Assume, n = 0.013 Assume circular sewer

Design Average Water Supply (in Year 2023) = 45,000.(240) = 10.8 million liters/day Assuming 80 percent water becomes wastewater, Design Average Wastewater Generation = 10.8.(0.8) = 8.64 million liters per day Assuming a Peaking Factor of 3, Design Peak Wastewater Generation = 3.(8.64) = 25.92 million liters per day Design Peak Wastewater Generation = For a pipe flowing full:

At q = 0.3 m3/s, the pipe is flowing 0.8 full When, Assuming, n = 0.013, Solving, . Therefore,

D = 0.628 m, say, 0.700 m or 700 mm

Corresponding to D = 700 mm, Therefore, Corresponding the new value of , and

; Therefore, vDesign = Velocity at design peak flow = (1.076).(1.1) = 1.184 m/s (which is within the recommended range of 0.8 m/s to 3 m/s)

At present peak flow, ; corresponding Therefore, vpresent = velocity at present peak flow = (0.65).(1.076) = 0.699 m/s (which is greater than the recommended minimum value of 0.6 m/s)

Hence use 700 mm circular concrete pipe at a slope 0f 2 m per 1000 m for accommodating the above flow. 2. Consider the sewer system shown in the figure below. A main sewer (MS5) with manholes, M5.4 (starting manhole) to M 5.1 discharges into manhole M5 of the trunk sewer. Branch sewers discharge into manhole M5.1 M5.4 of the main sewer (MS5) as shown in the figure. Invert levels of the branch sewers discharging into manhole M5.4 M5.1 are 97.223, 98.775, 98.311, and 96.334 m respectively. Invert level of the trunk sewer leaving manhole M5 is 93.700 m. Based on this information explain how values in the last three columns of the design table for main sewer (MS5) have been calculated. All branch sewers have 400 mm diameter. The ground level in the area under question is between 101 and 102 m.

Table 1.
1 2

Tabular Calculations for Design of main Sewer M5

3 Length, m 88 77 101 122 4 Peak Flow, (2003) m3/s 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.15 5 Peak Flow, (2023) m3/s 0.15 0.28 0.33 0.45 6 Diameter, mm 7 Slope 8 9 10 11 Discharge, (2023) Litre/s Full Actual 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.169 0.414 0.414 0.591 0.15 0.28 0.33 0.45 Velocity, (2023) m/s Full Actual 0.860 1.076 1.076 1.176 0.972 1.152 1.184 1.235 12 Present Peak Flow, Year 2020 Litre/s 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.15 13 SelfClensing Velocity (2000) m/s 0.688 0.829 0.861 0.929 14 Total Fall, m 15 16 Invert Elevation, m Upper Lower 96.773 96.397 96.213 95.734 96.597 96.243 96.011 95.490

Manhole From M5.4 M5.3 M5.2 M5.1 To M5.3 M5.2 M5.1 M5

500 700 700 800

0.176 0.154 0.202 0.244

Solution: Elevation of the centerline of branch sewer at manhole M5.4 = 97.223 + 0.2 = 97.423 Elevation of centerline of the upper end of the main sewer from M5.4 to M5.3 = 97.423 0.4 = 97.023 Invert level of the upper end of the main sewer for M5.4 to M5.3

= 97.023 0.25 = 96.773 Fall from M5.4 to M5.3 = 88.(0.002) = 0.176 Invert level of the lower end of the main sewer for M5.4 to M5.3 = 96.773 0.176 = 96.597 Invert level of the upper end of the main sewer for M5.3 to M5.2 = 96.597 0.2 = 96.397 Considering the above invert level, minimum invert level of the branch sewer at M5.3 should be 96.397 + 0.35 + 0.4 0.2 = 96.957, while the actual invert level is 98.775. Hence okay. Fall from M5.3 to M5.2 = 77.(0.002) = 0.154 Invert level of the lower end of the main sewer for M5.3 to M5.2 = 96.397 0.154 = 96.243 Invert level of the upper end of the main sewer for M5.2 to M5.1 = 96.243 0.03 = 96.213 Considering the above invert level, minimum invert level of the branch sewer at M5.2 should be 96.213 + 0.35 + 0.4 0.2 = 96.763, while the actual invert level is 98.311. Hence okay. Fall from M5.2 to M5.1 = 101.(0.002) = 0.202 Invert level of the lower end of the main sewer for M5.2 to M5.1 = 96.213 0.202 = 96.011 Invert level of the upper end of the main sewer for M5.1 to M5 = 96.011 0.1 = 95.911 Considering the above invert level, minimum invert level of the branch sewer at M5.1 should be 95.911 + 0.4 + 0.4 0.2 = 96.511, while the actual invert level is 96.334. Hence not okay. Hence, actual invert level of the upper end of the main sewer for M5.1 to M5 = 96.334 + 0.2 0.4 0.4 = 95.734 Fall from M5.1 to M5 = 122.(0.002) = 0.244 Invert level of the lower end of the main sewer for M5.1 to M5 = 95.734 0.244 = 95.490