Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L.

1
VARIOUS EXPERIENCES AND WORK PERFORMED IN BUCKET DRUMS.

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat.
Indigo Quimica, S.L.






Bombos Cangilones-NEXT para Wet Blue JBS Swift (USA)




Author's note:
This work is based on the collection of experiences from various companies, technicians
and other company managers during the early existence of this type of drum and should serve as
guidance, and guidance only, so anyone interested can start the path toward the use of this
machine. In any case these experiences and views should be taken as a dogma of faith but as
surveys and opinions in order to demonstrate that working with this type of machine can be quite
interesting for the tanner.







Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 2
The intention of this work is to clarify doubts that have arisen regarding this
type of drum called cangilones drum, mainly owing to a lack of knowledge.
We first got to know about this
drum in 1998, when Mr. Alfonso Olcina
invited a team of technicians from
different countries to learn about working
with this type of drum in the company
that for more than ten years had been
processing hides of sufficient quality to
believe that these drums could be very
interesting. In my case, I went to Mexico
in representation of five companies of
Lorca, which wanted to set up a
common beamhouse and were
hesitating between using traditional
drums or bucket drums. The company
(the name of which would have been Ribera Lorquina, S.A.) was never set up.

Mr. Olcina explained that after ten years of silence, he was now in a position
to present a drum for processes ranging from soaking to tanning (a bucket drum for
re-tanning, dyeing and fatliquoring would later be created), that provided
considerable saving, both in water, chemical products, electricity, noise, etc.... and
with which the quality of hides was improved. Another advantage was the fact that
the load of bucket drums could be double that of a traditional drum. In this
company, drums were loaded with 20 tons of hides.

We thought he was exaggerating but it was easy to check. We were
therefore able to see how the drum worked with explanations by the technician
who worked with the drum and telling us how the process was performed. In
principle, the process was quite logical and the explanations and the wet blue
hides we saw convinced us all. We were later invited to a tannery where the wet
blue hides that were produced in the bucket drums, were processed and we saw
crust hides in various types of articles, that also gave us a very good impression.

As we saw hides in different states, we commented on the processes that
were being performed. Bearing in mind that we were never actually shown the
processes, what we saw and commented on is indicated below:

(see process A-1)

PROCESS A-1.-

There are several concepts to consider in this process:

DESALTING.-

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 3
Before the main soaking process, they conducted a process called
desalting, in which the hides are
taken to a Be of one point five
degrees more or less, for which a
desalting drum can be used. The Be
is adjusted with a light wash, or hides
can be loaded without desalting and
then, the Be is adjusted with
successive washing processes.

According to the people at the
Mexican tannery, two hours are
needed for the drum load, 1 hour for
washing, 6 hours for soaking and 1
hour more for adjusting the Be. In a
traditional drum, the Be setting up to
one point five degrees needed
around five hundred to six hundred per cent of water, but with a bucket drum, two
hundred per cent is enough.


T Time pH Be Observations

200 Water 28
10 Drain
Set Be at 1.5

SOAKING.-


T Time pH Be Observations

50 Water 28
Drum at 0.7 r.p.m.
Preservant
Soaking enzyme
Carbonate or Soda
Degreasant
5 h. Drain

During the soaking, the bactericide and wetting agent reach the hide in high
concentrations when soaking is short. This means a saving of 20% of the product.
In a traditional drum, the water hardly moves, but in a bucket drum with shovels,
the product mixing is much better.

After soaking, hides are unloaded and fleshed.
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 4

FLESHING.-

LIMING.-

T Time pH Be Observations

30 Water 28
2.00 Lime
40
2.30 Product X (*)
4 h.
2.30 Product X (*)
20 Aut. 1 / 1h. (16 h.)
0.13 Sodium hydroxide (Optional)
30 Drain
100 Water 30
30 Drain
100 Water
10 Door open
End draining


In this process, the hair is immunised, but on our visit the hair recovery
filters had not been installed, and therefore the process was performed with hair
loss. The process is still on a salt weight and at 0,7 r.p.m.

With short washes, the leather doesnt swell and lime can enter well. After
this process, water is added to achieve the required swelling.

Washing will depend on the type of hides. If they are thin and dont have to
be very swelled, not much water is needed.

There is total tolerance in liming, any imbalance isnt readjusted, the hair
roots, cleaning and colour of the hide are assessed. The hide is totally cleaned at
the end of the process by adding sodium hydroxide and all proteins are eliminated.

Before connecting to automatic and after five hours from adding the lime,
the hides are limed and the hair is immunised. They look very clean and stretched.
If water were now to be added, the hides would swell, but this isnt required at the
moment there are still proteins that will be removed with the automatic rolling
during the night.
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 5
A little more yield can be achieved in the hides, as liming leaves them more
relaxed, smoother with less wrinkles, more open and there is less shrinking in the
hide. However, this isnt because of the drum but because of the process.

Swelling is not the same as in a traditional process, as here osmotic swelling
occurs, which is much flatter. Half an hour after adding water, swelling occurs.

Quantities of 0,5 % of sodium sulphydrate were reached (with prior
immunisation), and good liming was achieved including the separation of the
epidermis.

(*) The aforementioned product X is a compound of depilation agents made
up of 28% of sodium sulphydrate, 2% of sodium sulphide and 70% water.

(See process A-2)

PROCESS A-2.-

DELIMING / BATING.-


T Time pH Be Observations

DRY !!!
1.00 Ammonium sulphate
30
Wash open doors
DRY !!!
2.50 Ammonium sulphate
30 (*)
20 Water 32 Set to 32 C
0.12 Degreasant
0.12 Bate
2.5 h.
0.25 Sulphuric acid (1:3) Set to 32 C
30 8.50 Colourless cut with
phenolphthalein
Drain

Wash open doors
Fully drain

As the hides are fleshed, the process continues without unloading the hides
from the drum.

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 6
After 30 minutes running and if it isnt crossed, its preferable to cross while
running, if the pH allows this, and not to add more ammonium sulphate.

The amount of delimer is high because deliming is conducted in the same
drum as liming.

Using chloridryc acid for deliming didnt give good results, the flanks became
emptier.

If CO
2
is used, integral deliming is very slow, but its very good for hides
spliting in pelt.

PICKLING / TANNING.-


T Time pH Be Observations

DRY !!!
3.50 Salt
10 12
1.80 Sulphuric acid Cold solution
30 9.0
Previous setting of Be
4 h.
Until total crossing
2.50
Green bromocresol:
yellow cut
Fully drain
DRY !!!
0.30 Sodium formate Adjust amount
20
10.0 Chrome liquor 33Sch
of 12% conc.

10
10.0 Water t.a.
10
10.0 Water
4 h.
0.50 Magnesium oxide Activate steam
3 h.
0.08 Fungicide
50 5 h. 3.8/3.9 Cool
Unload

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 7
The purpose of adding sodium formate is to change the acidity and
transform it into formic acid once its added to the sulphuric acid.

With this addition of chrome, residual baths are obtained of less than 130
ppm of chrome (III).

For heavy hides, the final pH of pickling is 1,7 and fully crossed. Acidity is
changed with formate and chrome is added. Tanning starts at 2.6/2.7 as the
chrome liquor stabilises at 2.5.

After the first three hours of running, the pH doesnt vary more than one
decimal point from 2.6/2.7.
Wet blue hides are firmer and more compact than normal. More intense
dyeing is achieved because tanning doesnt have any type of masking agent.
Therefore, more intense neutralising must be done.

After the visit, the corresponding reports were sent on to Ribera Lorquina,
S.A., who valued them positively. The next step was to purchase a bucket drum
and install it in one of the factories in order to start conducting tests with the drum.

The drum was installed in one of the companies of Ribera Lorquina and
technicians from Mexico came to test the new drum.

(See process B-1)

PROCESS B-1.-

19.000 kg. of salted hides were tested / (a combination of 4.300 kg. of
cowhide and 14.900 kg of Spanish bullocks). On lowering the load, the mechanical
effect increase and vice versa. The ideal weight is between 18.5 and 20 Tons of
salted weight of hides with a humidity of between 43-45 % keeping the same
process.

DESALTING.-

In this test, desalting was performed in the drum, not in the desalting drum,
and therefore water consumption and time were more than normal. However, it
should be considered that when we consider the water at the axle (see process)
and with 19.200 Kg. in the drum, as indicated in the process, the amount of added
water isnt very high. In this case, the required B was of 1.5, wasnt reached, but
stayed at 3.


T Time pH Be Observations

Water at the axle 27
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 8
40 10 Drain
Water at the axle 27
40 7.0 Drain
Water at the axle 27
40 5.0 Drain
Water at the axle 27
40 3.0 Drain


SOAKING.-

Soaking is the traditional method, bearing in mind, I repeat, that what we
call water at the axle, isnt more than 7.000 litres of water, as this drum of a size of
4.20 x 4.50 m has an internal volume of approximately 52.000 litres, and therefore
at the axle, the volume will be 26.000 litres. Products are added through the door
of the drum, except the sodium hydroxide and carbonate, which are added through
the axle in two intakes of 30 minutes and with the inlet valve nearly closed. In this
case, it would have been best to have soaked for 6 hours and then automatic
soaking with a little running, but for certain reasons, this wasnt done.


T Time pH Be Observations

Water at the axle 27
0.10 Degreasant
0.35 Wetting agent
0.20 Sodium sulphhydrate
72%

0.10 Sodium carbonate
0.15 Bactericide
0.20 Sodium hydroxide
90 Aut. 15 / 30 (12 h.)
9.2/9.3 4,6 Fully drain


FLESHING.-

In this second process, the hides were also fleshed after soaking.


SOAKING ADJUSTMENT
After fleshing we needed a soaking adjustment. After seeing the washing
adjustment, it wouldnt have been a bad idea to carry out another wash.
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 9


T Time pH Be Observations

Water at the axle 27
0.05 Bactericide
40 8.2/8.5 2,5 T = 25.5 C
Fully drain


LIMING.-

After adjusting soaking to take the hides to the required B, liming is started
with a small water bath.

I have to tell you that for very greasy hides, the lipase can be increased to
0.15 % and running can be more than twenty min. However once the lime is
added, running must be exactly 40 minutes. After running with the lime, the first
amount of sodium sulphhydrate is added. To collect hair, we can start-up a filter
45 minutes after starting running.

After 15 minutes of running, it was observed that the bath had reduced
owing to the addition of lime, and 500 litres of water were added. After 30 minutes,
the hair had been removed from the hide. This was black as there was still
queratine on the surface, sufficient reason not to have rubbed grain. White areas
were also observed (places where the hair had already been removed during
soaking and where rubbed grain appeared through preservation).

It should be pointed out that for thinner hides, the amount of sulphydrate can
be increased. If there is filter recirculation, the bath must be adjusted so that the
drum doesnt remain without a bath.

After the 90 minutes run after the second amount of sulphydrate is added,
the hide seems flaccid and a little wrinkled, which is normal but which still
preserves the layer of queratine, that will start to be removed once sodium
hydroxide is added. Up until now, it was not possible for rubbed grain to be
produced, owing the presence of this layer.

The change in pH produced by the sodium hydroxide, changes the pH of the
drum by increasing the alkalinity (SHNa starts to change to SNa
2
). The hide
shouldnt swell until the following day. The water now helps to diffuse the products.

Maximum temperature of the bath: 26C. Liming should take 12 hours from
the automatic process with a total running time of 3 hours. 30 minutes after adding
the sodium hydroxide, the hides appear more swollen and with a different aspect.
In the case of fresh hide, the queratine is practically destroyed. If the hide is of a
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 10
dryer preservation, its more difficult to lose the queratine (such as processed
cowhide).

Running with the automatic process could be fifteen minutes every hour, but
the hides shouldnt be at a standstill for such a long time. After 30 minutes of
running with the sodium hydroxide (plus 30 minutes it took for the product to fall),
the bath is somewhat cold, the hides appear to be clean, without the hair roots.
The hides are somewhat shrunk (perhaps because of the bath temperature) at the
neck and flanks. They should improve in the 30 minutes of running still to go.
After sixty minutes of running, the next day, the hides look excellent. The
bath is drained.

If we want a more open hide, the amount of sodium hydroxide of the first
day should be lowered, and added to the amount of the second day. If we want
the hides more reinforced, the opposite should be done, because in the first case
the lime works more, and in the second case the sodium hydroxide blocks the
action of the lime.

The following addition of water should be done in amounts of fifty hundred
litres. Water is added in this way until the required swelling is achieved and the
wrinkles flatten out even more.


T Time pH Be Observations

20 Water 27 See water level
0.20 Liming Amine aux.
008 Lipase enzyme
0.20 Wetting agent
20
For greasy skins 30
2.00 Lime
40 No more nor less
0.45 Sodium sulphydrate
0.25 Water
60
0.65 Sodium sulphydrate
0.50 Water
90
0.40 Degreasant
1.00 Sodium hydroxide
(50%)
Diluted (1:7)
60 Aut. 7 / 23 (12 h.).
Slow speed
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 11
0.50 Sodium hydroxide
(50%)

60 Fast speed. (1,4
r.p.m.)
Drain
30 Water t.a
10 Drain

WASHING.-

The ideal method is to wash in a cascade, entering the same water that is
leaves. If turgidity occurs, stop the washing process.

(See process B-2)

DELIMING / BATING.-

In principle, there should be no problems of grain buffing owing to the
solubility of the ammonium sulphate and because the hide loses water.

We can see in this process, that the bating pH had to be adjusted with
sulphuric acid. This adjustment had to be done, as had many others as this was
the first time the process was performed in Spain and in different conditions to
Mexico.


T Time pH Be Observations

DRY!!!
1.00 Ammonium sulphate
20 Rinse
20 Water t.a
2.50 Organic / inorganic
delimer

0.50 Sodium bisulphite
30 150 10.00 Cross cut
0.30 Bate 800 u. L. V.
0.70 Sulphuric acid
0.15 Degreasant
30
Spin until deliming is
completed
30 Wash 3 times t.a.

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 12

PICKLING / TANNING.-

T Time pH Be Observations

DRY !!!
5.00 Common salt
0.15 Fungicide
10 12
2.00 Sulphuric acid (1:3)
2 x 20
3.00 Water t.a.
10 0.60
10,7

3.00 Water t.a.
10 9,7
Aut. 7 / 23 (12 h.) fast
speed 1.4 rpm
1.6/1.7
0.15 Sulphuric acid (1:3)
30 1.40 Not crossed
0.15 Sulphuric acid (1:3)
30 1.40 Crossed
15 Fully drain
DRY !!!
0.40 Sodium formate
20 3.00
12.0 Chrome salt 33 liq.
3 h. 2.60 Crossed
5.00 Water t.a.
5 < 2.80

Repeat 5 times
3 h.

Excess salt is added and a Be of twelve / thirteen degrees is reached.
Normally with the gone out of water from the hide, the Be is lowered until reaching
eight / nine degrees, and for this reason, water must be added in this process.

After adding chrome and once its crossed, water is added in amounts of
one thousand litres up to five thousand litres. Its added gradually to avoid a
sudden rise in pH. The bath should remain level with the hides and the pH should
be below 2.8 at this time.

BASIFICATION.-
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 13

T Time pH Be Observations

0.85 High exhaustion
basifying agent

6 h. 3.6/3,7 Heat bath
0.15 Sodium bicarbonate
5 h. Set final pH
3.8/3.9

These two processes marked the start of the bucket drums at Lorca.
However, each factory studies the processes, analyses them and then adapts
them to the interests of the individual company.

This process was suitable for a company working with third parties with wet
blue, with very serious problems in the water supply, with load capacity problems
and with technicians extremely committed to making savings in any part of the
process. Also, where the problem of time is less important than in Spain, for
example, and the technician adjusts the process to his needs. However, these
needs arent necessarily the same as in other tanneries, and therefore these
processes must be adapted to the problems of each particular tannery where this
type of drum is installed.

I introduce the above processes, we have three examples of processes that
are totally different from those indicated and with different needs. You will be able
to consult it in order to start to work in a tannery where there will be cangilones
drums.

These three cases concern companies that have decided to work with a
bucket drum but adapted to their needs. What do I want to demonstrate with this?

The versatility of the drum when designing processes in accordance
with our own requirements.

The three cases are described below:

Process C.-
The company wants the bucket drum process to be as similar as possible to
their factory process as regards production and work. They want improved quality.
They dont have any load capacity problems.

Process D.-
This company works for third parties and needs to save in the production
process and also want to save on water and products as much as possible. They
have load capacity problems.
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 14

Process E.-
This company works for third parties, they want the same quality as wet blue
as their customers are used to a certain quality. There arent problems as regards
water or production time. Load capacity problems.

I will not explain these precesses because it are processes like you can
make in a traditional drum (with some adjustements)







































Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 15
PROCESS C.-A process conducted on Spanish Bullocks weighing an average of
35/40 Kg. On salted weight. Salted weight 14000.

% Product T Time pH Be Observations

Water at the axle 22
0.10 Degreasant
0.10 Bactericide
10 Rest 90
30
Water at the axle 22
Spin input and output
water up to Be < 3
Drain
Water at the axle 22
0.30 Sodium sulphide
0.30 Sodium sulphydrate
0.30 Sodium carbonate
0.10 Degreasant
0.20 Soaking enzyme
60 Aut. 3 / 1 h. (18 h.)
10 9.5/10.0 Drain and spin part
of draining
90 Water 22
1.00 Sodium sulphydrate
0.50 Lime
0.50 Amine liming aux
30
0.40 Sodium sulphide
0.20 Sodium sulphydrate
1.00 Lime
15 Rest 60
0.80 Sodium sulphide
1.00 Lime
15 Rest 2 h.
Aut. 5 / 1 h. (18h)
Drain
Water at the axle 27
10 Drain
Water at the axle 27
10 Drain
Water at the axle 27
10 Drain
Unload

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 16
PROCESS D.- Process conducted on Spanish bullocks. 30/35 Kg. average
weight. On salted weight. Salted weight 18000 Kg


T Time pH Be Observations

Water at the axle 28 10
0.20 Sodium sulphide
0.05 Degreasant
Rest 30
30 Drain
Water at the axle 28
10 2.0 Drain
50 Water
Sodium carbonate
0.15 Soaking enzyme
0.15 Sodium sulphide
0.20 Degreasant
2 h. Aut 15 / 1 h.
9.5/10.0 Drain
30 Water 28
0.20 Liming amine
1.00 Sodium sulphydrate
30
0.60 Sodium sulphide
0.50 Lime
0.10 Lipase enzyme
30
20 Water 28
0.60 Sodium sulphide
30
2.50 Lime
0.30 Degreasant
30 Aut. 4 / 56 h.
100 Water 28
10 Drain
100 Water 28
10 Drain
100 Water 28
10
Drain. Unload





Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 17
PROCESS E.- Process on bullocks weighting 20/25 Kg. Conducted on a salted
weight of 18000 Kg. Drums prepared for working above the axles.

T Time pH Be Observations

100 Water 28
0.20 Sodium sulphide
0.10 Wetting agent
10 Rest 30
60 Drain
100 Water 28
20 2.0 Drain
90 Water 28
0.20 Sodium sulphide
0.10 Degreasant
0.50 Sodium carbonate
0.30 Wetting agent
3 h. Aut. 5 / 55 (12-14 h.)
Drain
80 Water 28
0.50 Liming amine
40
0.10 Degreasant
1.80 Lime
30 Rest 30
0.50 Sodium sulphide
1.20 Sodium sulphydrate
30 Rest 30
Aut. 2 / 28 (3 h.)
20 Water 28
0.50 Lime disperser
1.00 Sodium sulphide
1.80 Lime
0.20 Liming amine
0.20 Sodium sulphydrate
30 Aut. 5 / 55 (12-14 h.)
Drain
150 Water 28
10 Drain
150 Water 28
10 Drain
150 Water 28
10 Drain
Unload


Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 18
PROCESS A-1.- Desalting to liming.-
Process performed in the Mexican tannery of Procesos Hmedos de Len, S.A. de
C.V. of Len, Guanajuato, Mexico. US hides, 35/40 kg.
% Product T Time pH Be Observations

200 Water 28
10 Drain
Set Be >< 1.5
50 Water 28 Drum at 0.7 r.p.m.
Preservative
Soaking enzyme
Carbonate or soda
Degreasant
5 h. Drain
Unload
Flesh
30 Water 28
2.00 Lime
40
2.30 Product X
4 h.
2.30 Product X
20 Aut. 1 / 1 h. (16 h.)
0.13 Sodium hydroxide (Optional)
30 Drain
100 Water 30
30 Drain
100 Water 30
10 Door open
Finish draining
















Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 19
PROCESS A-2.- Deliming to tanning.-
Process conducted in the Mexican tannery of Procesos Hmedos de Len, S.A. de
C.V. of Len, Guanajuato, Mexico. US hides, 35/40 kg.

% Product T Time pH Be Observations

DRY !!!
1.00 Ammonium
sulphate

30 Wash open doors
DRY !!!
2.50 Ammonium
sulphate

30 (*)
20 Water 32 Set to 32C
0.12 Degreasant
0.12 Bate
2.5 h.
0.25 Sulphuric acid (1:3) Set to 32C
30 8.5 Colourless cut with
phenolphtalein
Drain
Wash open doors
Fully drain
DRY !!!
3.5 Salt
10 12.0
1.8 Sulphuric acid Cold solution
30 9.00 Prior setting of Be
4 h. 2.5
To total crossing. Yellow cut
bromocresol green
Fully drain
DRY !!!
0.30 Sodium formate Adjust amount
20
10,0 Chrome Liquor
33Sch (12% conc.)

10
10,0 Water t.a
10
10,0 Water t.a
4 h.
0,50 Magnesium oxide Activate steam
3 h.
0,08 Fungicide
50 5 h. 3.8 / 3.9 Cool Unload
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 20


PROCESS B-1.- Process from desalting to liming. Process conducted on mixed
Spanish cows and bullocks. On salted weight: 18,000 Kg.
% Product T Time pH Be Observations
Water at the axle 27
40 10.0 Drain
Water at the axle 27
40 7.00 Drain
Water at the axle 27
40 5.00 Drain
Water at the axle 27
40 3.00 Drain
Water at the axle 27
0.10 Degreasant
0.35 Wetting agent
0.20 Sodium sulphydrate
0.10 Sodium carbonate
0.15 Bactericide
0.20 Sodium hydroxide
90 Aut. 15 / 30 (12 h)
9.2 / 9.3 4.60 Fully drain. FLESH
Water at the axle 27
0.05 Bactericide
25,5 40 8.2 / 8.5 2.50 Fully drain
20 Water 27 See water level
0.20 Liming Amine aux.
0.08 Lipase enzyme
0.20 Wetting agent
20 For greasy hides 30
2.00 Lime
40
0.45 Sodium sulphydrate
0.25 Water
60
0.65 Sodium sulphydrate
0.50 Water
90
0.40 Degreasant
1.00
Sodium hydroxide 50%
Diluted (1:7)
60 Aut. 7/23(12h.) 0.7 rpm
0.50
Sodium hydroxide 50%
Diluted (1:7)
60 1.4 r.p.m. Drain
30 Water t.a
10 Drain
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 21
PROCESS B-2.- Process from deliming to tanning. Process conducted on mixed
Spanish cows and bullocks. On salted weight: 18,000 Kg.
% Product T Time pH Be Observations

DRY !!!
1.00 Ammonium
sulphate

20 Rinse
20 Water t.a
2.50 Organic/inorganic
delimer

0.50 Sodium bisulphite
30 150 10.0 Crossed through cut?
0.30 Bate 800 u.L.V.
0.70 Sulphuric acid
0.15 Degreaser
30
Spin until complete
deliming
Wash 3 times water t.a.
DRY !!!
5.00 Salt
0.15 Fungicide
10 12.0
2.00 Sulphuric acid
2 x 20
3.00 Water t.a.
10 0.6 10.7
3.00 Water t.a.
10 9.70 Aut. 7 / 23 (12h.)
1.6
0.15 Sulphuric acid (1:3)
30 1.4 Not crossed
0.15 Sulphuric acid
30 1.4 Crossed, drain
DRY !!!
0.40 Sodium formate
20 3.0
12.0 Chrome salt 33Sch
lq. (12%conc)

3 h. 2.6 Crossed
0.85 High depletion
basifying agent

6h. 3.6/3.7 Heat bath
0.15 Sodium bicarbonate
5 h. 3.8/3.9 Adjust pH at the end.
Unload
Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 22




The three processes described are conducted without fleshing the hides after
soaking. After liming they are fleshed and splited. For these types of processes
where the pelt is divided, the process from deliming to tanning can be performed in
the bucket drum, bearing in mind the considerations given previously for the first
two processes (A and B), or as other drum bucket users do, pass the hides to
traditional tanning drums and follow the normal manufacturing process.

Regarding this aspect, I have seen users of bucket drums who operate the
whole beamhouse in these drums, which are the majority. Others prefer to work
from soaking to liming, and lastly a few use bucket drums for part of the process
from deliming to tanning.

With regard to bucket drums for retanning, dyeing and greasing, we dont
have any process to comment on, but I can say that, transferring the change in the
mechanical effect occurring when the drum is changed, better distribution of the
products in the bath is guaranteed, together with a more even penetration of
products in the hide. At the same time, knotting is prevented between the hides.

I should also like to mention that the statements and conclusions regarding
processes A and B were made by the technician who created the processes. This
means that in some cases we do not know why some things are done in a certain
way.
I can confirm, however, that the tanners working with this type of drums and
who I have had the opportunity of working with and sharing experiences, are all
very happy with their purchases and the quality of leather achieved.

Untill here my explanation. If you have any doubt you can ask whatever you
want. Thank you.

Out of curiosity, samples were taken of wet blue obtained in process B in
Lorca, and were compared with samples of wet blue of other companies of the city.
The samples were analysed in the Technological Tanning Laboratory of Lorca, with
the following results:

Tests Wet blue
company 1
Wet Blue
company 2
Wet Blue
bucket drum

% CrO
2
on dry
leather
3.3 3.4 3,7
Contraction
temperature
97-98 97-98 99-100

Juan Carlos Campos Fabregat ndigo Qumica, S.L. 23
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1,600 m.). Grupo Colomer. Octubre 2003.
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