About an approximate formula for scattering amplitude by a disc

Fumihiro Chiba February 7, 2012

Abstract A fundamental solution method gives an analytic representation of the approximate solution for the wave problem in the exterior region of a disc. The asymptotic behavior of this representation yields an approximate formula for the scattering amplitude.

An approximate solution for reduced wave problem by FSM

Consider the following reduced wave problem in the exterior domain of a disc with Dirichlet boundary condition. Let a be the radius of a disc, and k a wave number. Then the problem is represented as follows. u k 2 u = 0 in e , on { u = f } a , u lim r iku = 0, r r where
e = {r R2 ; |r| > a}, a = {a R2 ; |a| = a},

and | | is the Euclidean norm in R2 . A positive number is the radius of a disc containing all source points. Let N be a xed positive integer. Then we dene a basis function Gj (r) through Gj (r) = H0 (k|r ei eij |),
(1) (1)

j = j

2 , N

0 j N 1,

where H0 () is the zeroth order Hankel function of the rst kind, and the points (r, ) and (, j ) correspond to the complex numbers r ei and eij , respectively. An approximate solution of the problem above is given as follows[6]. u

(N )

(r) =

N 1 j=0

Qj Gj (r),

chibaf@mac.com, http://math.digi2.jp/

where Qj is the intensity of sources, and r corresponds to the polar coordinate (r, ). The intensity of sources Qj is computed as follows. Introduce the following normalized parameters: r = , = , = ka. a a Then the basis function is represented as follows. Gj (r) = H0 (| ei(j ) |),
(1)

0 j N 1.

Introduce the kernel function: g() = H0 (|1 ei |).

(1)

The intensity of sources Qj is given as follows. Qj = where

(N ) Fk N 1 (N ) 1 Fk eijk (N N k=0 Gk )

for 0 j N 1,

N 1 1 = f (aj ) eikj , N j=0

G(N ) n

N 1 1 g(j ) einj , = N j=0

where aj corresponds to the polar coordinate (a, j ).

An approximate formula for scattering amplitude

An approximate scattering amplitude A(N ) () for the above problem is given as follows[7],[8]. ( ir )1 N 1 e 2 i (N ) (N ) u (r) = e 4 Qj ei cos(j ) A () = lim r k r j=0 with j = 2j , N

where an asymptotic formula of Hankel functions[1] is used. Then an approximate far-eld coecient[2] P (N ) () is given as follows. k i (N ) P (N ) () = e 4 A (). 2 The scattering cross section () is computed as follows[2]. u(r) , () = lim 2r r ui (r) where ui (r) is an incident wave. Suppose:
r 2

lim |ui (r)| = 1.

The scattering wave u(r) is expected to behave in the far-eld as follows. eikr u(r) A() as r , r 2

where A() is the scattering amplitude. Then () is represented as follows. () = 2|A()|2 . Dene an approximate scattering cross section (N ) (): (N ) () = 2|A(N ) ()|2 .

Octave programs

GNU Octave is an array oriented software for numerical computing[4]. If you are Windows or Mac OS X user, you can obtain an executable program from Octave-forge[5]. You can download the below Octave programs from my web site[3]. Let an incident wave f = eikx . Then Dirichlet data dd on a is dd = ei cos , where = ka, k is a wave number, and a a radius of . The following programs compute far-eld coecient and scattering cross section for dd.

3.1

cpl: Plotting prole of far-eld coecient

ffcpl(n, k, a, gamma) n: number of collocation points (number of computation points) k: wave number a: radius of circle (obstacle) gamma: tuning parameter, 0<gamma<1 (gamma=rho/a, rho is the radius of a circle containing source points)

3.2

scspl: Plotting prole of scattering cross section

scspl(n, k, a, gamma) n: number of collocation points (number of computation points) k: wave number a: radius of circle (obstacle) gamma: tuning parameter, 0<gamma<1 (gamma=rho/a, rho is the radius of a circle containing source points)

3.3

Arguments and tuning parameter

A positive k means that an incident wave comes from the left, and a negative k means that an incident wave comes from the right. Tuning parameter is a positive number such that 0 < < 1. Large and large n are recommended for a large wave number k. You may need trial and error to select these parameters. For example = 0.5 and n = 256 for = k a with = 10. = 0.9 and n = 8192 for = 500. These Octave programs may be available for = k a with 0 < 600.

Figure 1: Example of outputs for the programs

6 4 2 0 -2 -4

-10

-5

Figure 2: Prole of |P ()| with = ka = 10

3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

A: = 5
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

B: = 50
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

C: = 500
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

D: Composite of A, B and C

Figure 3: Scattering cross sections

References
[1] Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, Ninth Printing, Dover Publications, New York, 1972. [2] Bowman, J. J., Senior, T. B. A. and Uslenghi, P. L. E., Electromagnetic and acoustic scattering by simple shapes, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969. [3] Using GNU Octave - chibafs page, http://math.digi2.jp/math/octave/c/. [4] Eaton, J. W., Octave - A high-level interactive language for numerical computations, Edition 3.2.2, http://www.octave.org/, 2007. [5] Octave-Forge - Extra packages for GNU Octave, http://octave.sourceforge.net/. [6] Ushijima, T. and Chiba, F. , A fundamental solution method for the reduced wave problem in a domain exterior to a disc, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 152 (2002) 545557, doi:10.1016/S0377-0427(02)00729-X. [7] F. Chiba, T. Ushijima and M. Ohzeki, A Fundamental Solution Method Applied to Reduced Wave Problems in a Domain Exterior to a Disc Theory, Practice and Application , Kokyuroku 1566, (2007), 138157, Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto University Research Information Repository: ()(in Japanese) [8] F. Chiba and T. Ushijima, Computation of Scattering Amplitude for Scattering Wave by a Disc Approach by a Fundamental Solution Method, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 233, (2009), 11551174, DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2009.09.003.