Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan First Semester 2006-200 !om"rehensi#e $%amination &!

losed Boo'( Course Title: Computational Physics Course No. PHY C 232 Time: 180 mins 12-12-2006 Total mar s: 120

1. Consi!er a potential step o" the "orm sho#n in the "i$ure %elo#.

x=0 The potential is &ero to the le"t o" the ori$in' %ut has a constant (alue ) to the ri$ht. *uch a potential step mi$ht occur at the sur"ace o" a metal +"or e,ample-. a- .rite !o#n the *chro!in$er #a(e e/uation "or each o" the t#o re$ions. %- Consi!erin$ ener$y ei$en(alues 0 1 )' #rite !o#n the $eneral solution "or each re$ion. c- .rite !o#n the %oun!ary con!itions "or this situation. !- 2se the %oun!ary con!itions to eliminate as many un no#n constants as possi%le. +3,34162. 5t is !esire! to "in! the roots o" the f(x) %y the Ne#ton-6aphson metho!' #here f + x- = x 3 + 2 x 3 2 x 1 = 0 .hat startin$ (alues "or the root #oul! cause Ne#ton7s metho! to "ail totally in this case8 *ho# +an! e,plain- all the calculations use! to o%tain the ans#er. +103. 9eri(e e,pressions "or the error in(ol(e! in usin$ the trape&oi!al rule "or numerically inte$ratin$ "unctions in one an! t#o !imensions. +133. : particle mo(es un!er a constant $ra(itational "orce. The e/uation o" motion "or the particle is inte$rate! usin$ 0uler7s metho! to o%tain the (elocity as a "unction o" time. .hat #oul! %e the error in usin$ the 0uler metho! in this case8 .hy8 Ho# #oul! the situation chan$e i" air resistance #ere consi!ere!8 +10;. 5t is !esire! to numerically sol(e the <aplace e/uation 2V = 0 usin$ the "inite !i""erence metho!. The (alue o" the potential ) is no#n at the %oun!ary o" a rectan$ular re$ion. The interior o" this re$ion is !i(i!e! into a N , N rectan$ular $ri! an! the potential at each o" these points is calculate! usin$ an iterati(e proce!ure. Ho# many a!!itions an! ho# many multiplications +or !i(isions- are

re/uire! "or one complete iteration o(er the entire $ri!. =i(e all the steps in(ol(e! in arri(in$ at the ans#er. +106. <et x = 2 2 lo$ R1 cos 2R2

y = 2 2 lo$ R1 sin 2R2 #here R1 an! R2 are in!epen!ent pseu!o-ran!om num%ers uni"ormly !istri%ute! %et#een 0 an! 1. *ho# that x an! y are in!epen!ent num%ers #hich are normally !istri%ute! #ith mean 0 an! (ariance 2. +20>. .rite in !etail the proce!ure to estimate the a(era$e 1,2?

< x >=
2

x e dx
2 x 0

e dx
x 0

' usin$ @etropolis @etho!.

+10-

8. .rite an al$orithm to #hich #ill count the num%er o" accepta%le microstates o" a microcanonical ensem%le+0')'N are "i,e!-. +1;A. .rite in !etail the proce!ure to calculate 1m?+:(era$e ma$neti&ation per spin- "or t#o !imensional 5sin$ @o!el usin$ @etropolis :l$orithm. +1;-