Complex Antenna System Design

Complex Antenna System Design
Presenter:
Ansoft Corporation
Objective
Design low-cost phased array system on aircraft platform leveraging suite of Ansoft tools
3D EM/Circuit/System Approach
HFSS/Designer Co-simulation HFSS Dynamic Link
Linear/Nonlinear SubCircuit
Li ne
ar
/N Sy onl st ine em a r
Data Link
Su b-
PlanarEM Cosimulation
Benefits of Integrated Solution

Efficiency via HFSS-HFSS Datalink
Finite Array w/FSS Target Modified Target
Result Source
Result
Datalink enables solution of very large antenna problems while minimizing compute time and RAM useage
HFSS-HFSS Datalink on Aircraft

Target
High-pass FSS Radome
Vivaldi Array
Target
Source
HFSS-HFSS data link permits efficient solution of very large problems on aircraft platform including antenna placement, radome interaction
Benefits of Integrated Solution

Added Capability via Designer-HFSS Co-design, pushed excitations
Perform synthesis and optimization in Designer using parameterized models generated in HFSS solve using DSO option to maximize throughput Push excitations to HFSS model to determine nonlinear effects of active components on transmit radiation pattern
System Design
Multi-frequency, Full-duplex, Phased Array Antenna System
Four-element Vivaldi Array with low-noise amplifier, power amplifier, dual multiplexers enables simultaneous transmit and receive over broad bandwidth. Goal: Two transmit frequencies and two receive frequencies operating simultaneously using the same antenna array. Benefits: Low-cost, scalable to large arrays with module approach
Module Detail
LNA Rx
Tx
ViValdi Radiator
-- Broadband Performance -- Good cross pol. isolation
Microstrip Multiplexer
PA
Phase Microstrip Shifter Multiplexer
-- Low Loss -- Good Isolation -- Enables full-duplex operation
The transceiver was designed to transmit at 10 or 19 GHz and receive at 12 or 21 GHz following the approach of Yun, Wang et.al. [1]
Analysis Approach
Rx LNA
ViValdi Radiator
PA
Tx
Phase Shifter
Vivaldi Analysis
Analyzed in HFSS using User Defined Part (UDP)
Single element design optimization 4x1 Element Array
Single Element
Return Loss vs Frequency

Ansoft Corporation
ReturnLoss
SingleElement_PML
0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 dB(St(t1,t1)) -20.00 -25.00 -30.00 -35.00 -40.00 0.00 Curve Info dB(St(t1,t1)) Setup1 : Sweep1
5.00
10.00
Freq [GHz]
15.00
20.00
25.00
Far Field Patterns 10 GHz

Ansoft Corporation
2D_10GHz
SingleElement_PML
10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 dB(GainTotal) 2.00 0.00 -2.00 -4.00 -6.00
-4.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
Original_PML
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sw eep2 Phi='90deg'
-30
Rad_10GHz
0
30 6.50
3.00 -60 -0.50 60
-90
90
-8.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_12GHz
SingleElement_PML
10.00
5.00
dB(GainTotal)
0.00
Rad_12GHz
Original_PML
Original_PML
-30
-5.00
30 5.00
-60
0.00 60 -5.00
-10.00
-10.00
-90
90
-15.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_19GHz
SingleElement_PML
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00

0.00 -60 -10.00 60
Rad_19GHz
0
Original_PML
-30 30 10.00
-25.00 -30.00 0.00

90
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-90
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_21GHz
SingleElement_PML
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

0.00 -60 -10.00 60
Rad_21GHz
0
Original_PML
-30 10.00
30
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00 -25.00 0.00

90
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
-90
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
4x1 Array at 21 GHz
All Figures are with each element excited with 1 Volt at 0 Phase.

Ansoft Corporation
2D_10Ghz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

60 -10.00
Rad_10GHz
0
-30
30 10.00
Original_4x1_Array
-90 -60
0.00
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00 -25.00 0.00

90
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_12GHz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00

-20.00
Rad_12GHz
0
-30 10.00
30
Original_4x1_Array
0.00
-90
-60 -10.00
60
dB(GainTotal)
90
-25.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_19GHz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-4.00 -60 -16.00 60
Rad_19GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
Original_4x1_Array
-20.00 -25.00 -30.00 0.00
-28.00
-90
90
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_21GHz
4x1_Array
20.00
10.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
30 6.00 60 -22.00
Rad_21GHz
0
-10.00
Original_4x1_Array
-30
-20.00
-8.00 -60
-30.00
-36.00
-90
90
-40.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
Beam Steering 4x1 Array
60 Degree Phase Increments 21GHz
21 GHz 21 GHz
10 GHz
Far Field,10GHz, 4X1 60 degree

Ansoft Corporation
2D_10Ghz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

60 -9.00
_
0
-30 7.00
30
-1.00
-90
-60
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00
-17.00
90
-25.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_12GHz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00

60 -16.00
Rad_12GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
4x1_Array
-60
-4.00
-90
-25.00 -30.00 0.00

90
-28.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_19GHz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

4x1_Array
-90 -60 -16.00 -4.00 60
Rad_19GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
-20.00 -25.00
90
-28.00
-30.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
Far Field, 21GHz, 4X1 60 degree

Ansoft Corporation
2D_21GHz
4x1_Array
20.00 Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'
10.00
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
60 -16.00 90
Rad_21GHz
0
-10.00
-30 8.00
30
-20.00
4x1_Array
-4.00
-90
-60
-30.00
-28.00
-40.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
21 GHz
10 GHz

Ansoft Corporation
2D_10Ghz
4x1_Array
10.00
5.00
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
30 3.00
-5.00
Rad_10GHz
0
-30
-10.00
4x1_Array
-4.00
-90
-60 -11.00
60
-15.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg' 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 Theta [deg] 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00
-18.00
-20.00 0.00
90
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_12GHz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-30 10.00 30
Rad_12GHz
0
4x1_Array
0.00
-20.00
-60 -10.00 60
-90
-25.00 -30.00 0.00

90
-20.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180

Ansoft Corporation
2D_19GHz
4x1_Array
20.00 Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : Sweep2 Phi='90deg'
10.00
0.00 dB(GainTotal)
30 8.00 60 -16.00
-10.00
Rad_19GHz
0
-30
-20.00
4x1_Array
-4.00
-90
-60
-30.00
-28.00
90
-40.00 0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
Far Field, 21GHz, 4X1 120 degree

Ansoft Corporation
2D_21GHz
4x1_Array
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

4x1_Array
-60 -4.00 60 -16.00
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'
Rad_21GHz
0
-30 8.00
30
dB(GainTotal)
-20.00 -25.00 0.00
-28.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
-90
90
80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
-120
120
-150
150
-180
Transceiver System Analysis
Transceiver System
Analysis Approach
HFSS/Designer Co-simulation
HFSS Dynamic Link
Linear/Nonlinear Sub-Circuit
Li ne ar /N
on lin ea rS ub -
Sy st em
PlanarEM Co-simulation
Multiplexer Design
Common Antenna Port
BPF 10 GHz
BPF 12 GHz
BPF 19 GHz
BPF 21 GHz
From Power Amp Arrows trace the signal path
To LNA
Transmit Channels: 10Ghz, 19GHz Receive Channels: 12Ghz, 21GHz
Combining the filters

Optimizing the Transmit Channels: 10Ghz, 19GHz
Combining the filters

Optimizing the Receive Channels: 12Ghz, 21GHz
Optimizing the two branches
How does it all come together

Surface current animation at various frequency bands
10 GHz
12 GHz
19 GHz
Low-Frequency Results
Multiplexer Low Frequency simulation: 8GHz to 14GHz
High-Frequency Results
Multiplexer High Frequency Simulation: 18GHz to 22GHz
TR Module
Now add the active components to the Designer analysis
Active Component Details

TriQuint Semiconductor, Richardson,Texas
TGA8310 TGA8334 TGA1342
Broadband LNA
Broadband Power Amplifier
Broadband LNA
Transmit: Power Amp Section: TGA8310, 2xTGA8334 Receive: Low Noise Amp Section: 2xTGA1342, TGA8310
TR Module Transmit Results

PA/LNA/Multiplexer at Low Frequency
T R M odule P ort1 P ort2
10GHz Transmit Channel: Gain=20.61dB; S11=-17dB
TR Module Receive Results

PA/LNA/Multiplexer at Low Frequency
T R M odule P ort1 P ort2
12GHz Receive Channel: Gain=24.16dB; S11=-14.3dB
Gain/Power Compression
Compression vs Swept Frequency

Low Freq Transmit Band
TR Module Summary
Transmit Section (PAs) @ 10GHz Receive Section (LNAs) @ 12GHz
Transmit Section (PAs) @ 19GHz
Receive Section (LNAs) @ 21GHz
TR Module Summary
TR Module NF Budget LNA Section Freq: 21GHz Channel Overall TR NF: 8.3dB
TR Module P1dB Budget Pwr Amp Section Freq: 19GHz Channel Overall TR P1dB: 24.95dBm
HFSS-Designer Dynamic Link w/Pushed Excitations

Examine non-linear active components impact on beam scanning
Pushed Excitations
Objective: Determine impact of variations associated with the T/R modules active components on far-field antenna pattern
Approach: Model effect in Designer and push these excitations as inputs to HFSS posts using Dynamic Link, examine results
Phase Imbalance Example

Consider Case of Phase Imbalance Associated with Power Amplifier Compression in Transmit Channel at 10GHz
Compression at -28dBm input power
Phase Imbalance Example

Consider case of phase imbalance associated with power amplifier compression in Transmit channel
Baseline -- no compression
Quantify effect through comparisons of far fields
Build compensation tables to achieve Study Case Compression modeled desired results in Designer and pushed to HFSS
Designer-HFSS Seamless Integration
Click on the Dynamic Link HFSS model and select Push_Excitations Select the Solution and Freq The Mag and Phase defined in the Source are used to drive the circuit and thus drive the fields in HFSS (parameterized as AC_MAG and AC_PHASE)
HFSS/Designer Dynamic Link Dialog
Designer dialog boxes identify HFSS models and list all associated parameter variables
Analysis Approach Summary
Linear/non-linear subcircuit analysis Linear/non-linear subsystem analysis PlanarEM co-simulation HFSS Dynamic Link Pushed Excitations Designer-HFSS
First-Pass System Success
Integration on Aircraft
Build Aircraft Model in HFSS
HFSS-HFSS Data Link

HFSS Data Link allows the Near-Field or FarField data from one HFSS design as the source excitation in another HFSS design The source design is solved separately from the target design and placed as the source excitation in the target design The iterative solver along with higher order basis functions allows for larger geometries such as an aircraft to be simulated
Source Design
Position of Source Design
Target Design
Integrate Vivaldi Array in Wing
Summary
Approach
HFSS/Designer Co-simulation HFSS Dynamic Link
Linear/Nonlinear SubCircuit
Li ne
ar
/N Sy onl st ine em a r
Data Link
Su b-
PlanarEM Cosimulation
Conclusion
Phased Array Antenna System
Four Element Vivaldi Phased Array Analyzed in HFSS Complete System Analysis Performed in Designer Dynamic Link of Designer with HFSS Demonstrated
Integration on Aircraft
Demonstrated HFSS Data Link of Antenna System to Host Platform Utilized Symmetry Planes to Maximize Efficiency Key to Success: Effective Linkage of Multiple Ansoft Tools
References
[1] T.-Y. Yun, C. Wang, P. Zepeda, C.T. Rodenbeck, M.R. Coutant, M. Li, and K. Chang, A 10-21 GHz, low-cost, multi-frequency, and full-duplex phased array antenna system, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, pp. 641 650, May 2002.

Complex Antenna System Design

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Complex Antenna System Design

Benefits of Integrated Solution

HFSS-HFSS Datalink on Aircraft

High-pass FSS Radome

Benefits of Integrated Solution

Phase Microstrip Shifter Multiplexer

-- Low Loss -- Good Isolation -- Enables full-duplex operation

Return Loss vs Frequency

Far Field Patterns 10 GHz

3.00 -60 -0.50 60

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field Patterns 12 GHz

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field Patterns 19 GHz

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00

-25.00 -30.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field Patterns 21 GHz

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-20.00 -25.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

4x1 Array at 21 GHz

Far Field Patterns 10 GHz

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-20.00 -25.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field Patterns 12 GHz

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field Patterns 19 GHz

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-20.00 -25.00 -30.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field Patterns 21 GHz

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Beam Steering 4x1 Array

60 Degree Phase Increments 21GHz

60 Degree Phase Increments 10GHz

Far Field,10GHz, 4X1 60 degree

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field,12GHz, 4X1 60 degree

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00

-25.00 -30.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field,19GHz, 4X1 60 degree

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field, 21GHz, 4X1 60 degree

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

120 Degree Phase Increments 21GHz

120 Degree Phase Increments 10GHz

Far Field,10GHz, 4X1 120 degree

Far Field,12GHz, 4X1 120 degree

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 dB(GainTotal) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-25.00 -30.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field,19GHz, 4X1 120 degree

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Far Field, 21GHz, 4X1 120 degree

15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00

-20.00 -25.00 0.00

80.00 100.00 Theta [deg]

Transceiver System Analysis