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Department of Agriculture, MAF Mr. Khamtanh Thadavong, DDG of DOA Mr. Somvang Phanthavong, DD of Planning & International Cooperation Division, DOA
Paper Prepared for The 2nd ASEAN Rice Trade Forum Yogyakarta, 4-5 June 2013
Introduction Policy Framework Rice Sector Performance Emerging Challenges Options for Improving Rice Sector Policy
Contents
Introduction
Lao PDR is predominantly a rural agriculture-based country, 85% of its population live in rural areas. Cultivated land covers about 1.2 million ha (5%), rice occupies 60%-70% of the total crop area. Population is about 6.51 million (2012) Agriculture contributes 26.7% to GDP (2011-2012) GDP per capita: US$ 1,349 (2011-2012) Rice production since 2001 reached 2.1 million tons of paddy. Rice is also the staple food crop in Lao PDR, as in most of the region. Other commercial crops: coffee, corn, cassava, rubber, tobacco, jobs tears, vegetables, sugarcane and legume crops Strategic directions of country: Increased productivity, sustainability, modernization, safety and clean products
28.2%
Agriculture
Industry
Services
4
Rice Production 2006-2012 and Target for 2013 Year Area Yield Production Comparison (%) Harvested (Ton/ha) (Tons, paddy) (ha) 796,575 3.00 2,663,700 +3.7 781,243 3.47 2,710,050 +1.7 825,349 3.55 2,927,140 +8.0 872,896 3.60 3,144,800 +7.4 855,114 3.59 3,070,640 -2.36 817,250 933,767 960,000 3.75 3.74 3.96 3,065,760 3,489,210 3,800,000 -0.15 +13.8 +8.9
2013 (Target)
Total requirement and estimated net availability of rice for consumption, 2009-2012
Item 2009
3,144,800
6,165,709 3,050,456 2,592,888
2010
3,070,640
6,230,270 2,978,520 2,531,742
2011
3,065,760
6,361,100 2,973,782 2,527,715
2012
3,489,210
6,514,000 3,384,534 2,876,854
825,350
872,205
865,165
Harvested Area
Total Production
300,000
200,000
100,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
(100,000)
insufficiency
(200,000)
FAO 2011
10
20
15
10
A Map of the Policy Goals, Objectives, Instruments and Responsibilities in the Lao PDR
1/ MoIC Ministry of Industry and Commerce; DTD Domestic Trade Department; IED Import-Export Department; PICD Planning and International Cooperation Department; MLSW Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare; PG Provincial Government 2/ Strategic Rice Reserve has three components with different institutional responsibilities: (i) rice reserve (including subsidized credit to millers in exchange for keeping minimum stocks) under MoIC DTD, (ii) seed reserves under MAF responsibility and (iii) rice distribution as part of safety nets under MLSW.
Expansion of dry season rice through irrigation investment Area in thousand ha mid 90s - release and distribution of improved Lao glutinous varieties
1,200
1,000
200
1963
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2005
2008
1961
1962
1964
1966
1967
1969
1970
1972
1973
1975
1976
1978
1979
1981
1982
1984
1986
1987
1989
1990
1992
1993
1995
1996
1998
1999
2001
2002
2004
2006
2007
2009
2010
Per Capita Rice Consumption (kg raw milled rice), based on Lao Expenditures and Consumption Survey (LECS)
LECS 3 (2002/2003) LECS 4 (2007/2008) % change
+23 -7 +35
2015
2020
179.1
130.1 199.0
168
125 192
162
122 187
Emerging Challenges
The country does not have a comprehensive rice policy that cuts across different government institutions, which sometimes have conflicting policy/political objectives on taxes, prices, credit, markets, trade, etc. Policies on promoting rice production and rice market and trade seem to be separate. Growing competition between rice and other crops (coffee, rubber, bananas, maize and cassava) has caused the shift of rice growers to other crops, reducing areas planted to rice for household food consumption. The proportion of rice farming to households decreased from 77% (1998/99) to 71% (2010/11) (Agriculture Census, 2010-11). Climate change