Nicole Lui, Heidi Kwan, Alexandra Humair Dec 2013 Semester 1 Project 1.

Climate Change Main Idea/Definition of the threat !limate chan"e, al#o $nown a# "lo%al warmin", i# cau#ed %& "reenhou#e "a# emi##ion# from human acti'it&( Accordin" to the )nited Nation# Inter"o'ernmental *anel on !limate !han"e +I*!!,, "lo%al #urface tem-erature# %etween the #tart and end of the 20th centur& ha# alread& increa#ed %& around 0(./0! and are $nown to ra-idl& increa#e into the 21#t centur&( *ro%lem# the& -o#e !limate chan"e cau#e# man& -ro%lem#( 1ome of which are a chan"e in rain -attern#, a ri#e in #ea le'el# a# well a# meltin" of #now and ice in the earl& #-rin"( Howe'er, if tem-erature# continue to ri#e, more chan"e# will ari#e, it will ma##i'el& im-act -eo-le, animal# and eco#&#tem#( 2ildlife# will %e at ri#$ and there will al#o %e an increa#ed ri#$ of drou"ht, fire and flood#( 3n to- of that, hot tem-erature# will dr& u- cro-# and heat related illne##e# and di#ea#e# will al#o a--ear( 4x-lanation# of 'ariation# that exi#t within the threat !ar%on dioxide i# an effect of %urnin" fo##il fuel# #uch a# coal and oil( A# more -eo-le are %urnin" fo##il fuel#, the car%on dioxide relea#ed to the atmo#-here al#o increa#e#( Methane ha# the lar"e#t im-act on climate a# it ha--en# in fre#hwater wetland#, for exam-le rice -addie#( A# the u#e of rice -add& land# "row#, the amount of methane it -roduce# al#o "row#( Nitrou# oxide i# the aftermath of nitrification and denitrification( 5he increa#e of the -roduction of nitrou# oxide i# from the "rowin" u#e of nitro"en fertili6er# on a"ricultural field#( !ar%on dioxide, methane and nitrou# oxide are all ex-lanation# of 'ariation# that exi#t within climate chan"e( *icture

4xam-le of a reaction that contri%ute# to thi# threat A( !la##if& reaction 7 !om%u#tion 8( 8alance the reaction +if not alread& %alanced, and include all #tate# !ar%on Dioxide 0 0 91 72 91 72 9/ 72 : 32 +", 9 !:H123: +a;, 77777< : H23 +l, 9 : !32 +", 9 ener"&( !( =edox 3xidi6ed !: =educed :32 Num%er of e7 tran#ferred 2/ e7

D( Net Ionic 4;uation :!+a;, 9 12H+a;, 9 :3+a;, > :H23+l, 9 :!+", 4( 3%#er'ation# 3x&"en react# with "luco#e to -roduce water and car%on dioxide, a# thi# or"anic matter %urn#, heat and li"ht in the form of chemical ener"& i# relea#ed 1olution ?lo%al warmin" i# a hu"e -ro%lem and a# a re#ult, there ha'e %een multi-le -ro-o#ed #olution# to #ol'e thi# cri#i#( A #olution i# to im-ro'e %uildin" infra#tructure a# %uildin"# are re#-on#i%le for one third of the "reenhou#e "a# emi##ion#( A# a re#ult, %uildin" ener"& efficient %uildin"# will reduce "reenhou#e "a# emi##ion#( Another #olution for "lo%al warmin" i# to le##en the car%on dioxide added to the atmo#-here, thi# can %e done %& -lantin" more tree#( 5he -lant# and tree# will "o throu"h the -hoto#&nthe#i# -roce## where the& ta$e in car%on dioxide and -roduce ox&"en(

2. Water Pollution Main Idea/Definition of the threat 5he contamination of %odie# of water #uch a# la$e#, ri'er#, ocean#, a;uifer# and "roundwater, mo#t often %& human acti'itie#, i# $nown a# water -ollution( 5hi# occur# when -ollutant# li$e -article#, chemical# are directl& or indirectl& di#char"ed into water without an& treatment to "et rid of them( 2ater -ollution i# al#o $nown a# a chan"e or modification in the -h&#ical, chemical and %iolo"ical -ro-ertie# of water that %rin"# a harmful effect on li'in" thin"#( *ro%lem# the& -o#e 5he -ro%lem# water -ollution -o#e# are terri%le( 3ne i# the death of a;uatic animal# a# their ha%itat will %e -olluted and a# a re#ult, their li'in" en'ironment %ecome# un#uita%le( A# a re#ult of thi#, the food chain %ecome# di#ru-ted a# well( In time, human# "et affected %& it a# well( *eo-le will not %e a%le to eat #eafood a# toxin le'el# are more concentrated -er le'el in the food tro-hic #tructure( Human# can al#o contract di#ea#e# from drin$in" contaminated drin$in" water#( 4x-lanation# of 'ariation# that exi#t within the threat *oint #ource#, non7-oint #ource# and "roundwater -ollution are all different t&-e# of 'ariation# that exi#t within water -ollution( *oint #ource water -ollution i# when -ollutant# enter from a #in"le -oint, for exam-le, from a -i-e( 5hi# can ha--en when #ewa"e treatment -lant# di#char"e -ollutant#( *ollutant# that do not come from a #in"le -oint i# called non7-oint #ource -ollution( Another one i# "round water -ollution, thi# i# when -e#ticide# and chemical# from #oil# are wa#hed dee- into the "round %& rainwater cau#in" under"round water -ollution( *icture

4xam-le of a reaction that contri%ute# to thi# threat A( !la##if& reaction 7 1&nthe#i# 8( 8alance the reaction +if not alread& %alanced, and include all #tate# H23+", 9 132 +", 77< H2133 +", 2H2133 +a;, 9 32 +", 77< 2H213/ +a;, !( =edox 3xidi6ed 1 of 133 =educed 32 Num%er of e7 tran#ferred 2e7 D( Net Ionic 4;uation H23 +l, 9 132 +a;, 77< H2133 +a;, 27 0 27 2133 +a;, 9 32 +", 77< 213/ +a;, 4( 3%#er'ation# 2ater "a# and #ulfur dioxide "a# com%ine to &ield a colorle## "a# in the air( 5hi# "a# then react# with e'en more ox&"en to &ield #ulfuric acid which can -reci-itate, -ollutin" the water#( 1olution Man& #olution# ha'e %een -ro-o#ed to reduce water -ollution( 3ne #olution i# to u#e filter# that contain iron oxide, %& doin" thi#, the ar#enic in the water chemicall& %ind# to it and it will filter out the water( 3. Toxins in Food and Soil Main Idea/Definition of the threat 4n'ironmental toxin#, chemical -e#ticide#, hea'& metal#, and other -ollutant# can %e a%#or%ed %& -lant# throu"h the #oil( *ro%lem# the& -o#e 8ecau#e all the#e toxin# and chemical# in the #oil are a%#or%ed into the -lant, the cro-# that are har'e#ted for food contain harmful chemical#, which we con#ume( 5he effect# of con#umin" -e#ticide# can %e extreme( 1ide effect# ma& include nau#ea, headache#, cancer, re-roducti'e harm, and endocrine di#ru-tion( 4x-lanation# of 'ariation# that exi#t within the threat *e#ticide# are u#ed to eliminate -e#t# that ma& dama"e cro-#, and her%icide# are u#ed to eliminate weed# that ma& %e dama"in" the -lant# %& "rowin" o'er them or around them ta$in" all the nutrient# from the #oil( 5here are #e'eral nutrient# that -lant# need, #uch a# car%on, ox&"en and h&dro"en which are alwa&# acce##i%le, other nutrient# that the -lant# need are nitro"en, -ho#-horu# and -ota##ium which can run out( *icture

4. Depleting !one "a#er Main Idea/Definition of the threat 5he o6one i# a -art of the #trato#-here that a%#or%# ultra'iolet ra&# that the #un emit#, howe'er throu"h recent &ear# the o6one la&er i# de-letin" due to #e'eral natural and unnatural chemical#, #uch a# methane and nitrou# oxide( 5he#e chemical# are called o6one de-letin" #u%#tance#( *ro%lem# the& -o#e 5he de-letion of the o6one la&er will let ultra'iolet ra&# into the atmo#-here( 4x-lanation# of 'ariation# that exi#t within the threat !hlorofluorocar%on# +!@!#, i# one of the mo#t u#ed #u%#tance# that contri%ute# to the de#truction of the o6one la&er( Dr&7cleanin" a"ent# and ho#-ital #terilant# are onl& #ome of the thin"# that u#e# !@!#( Halon#, which are u#ed in fire extin"ui#her# and automo%ile conditioner#, i# al#o another #u%#tance that i# harmful to the o6one la&er( *icture

4xam-le of a reaction that contri%ute# to thi# threat A( !la##if& reaction 7 !om%u#tion 8( 8alance the reaction +if not alread& %alanced, and include all #tate# !l +", 9 33 > !l3 +", 9 32 +", !l3 +", 9 3 +", > !l +", 9 3. +", !( =edox !l +", 9 33 > !l3 +", 9 32 +", 3xidi6ed !l +", =educed 3 +", Num%er of e7 tran#ferred 2 e7 !l3 +", 9 3 +", > !l +", 9 3. +", 3xidi6ed 3 in !l3 =educed !l in !l3 Num%er of e7 tran#ferred 2 e7 D( Net Ionic 4;uation 33 9 3 > 232

4( 3%#er'ation# ?a# form# and %rea$# the o6one la&er( 1olution A -ro-o#ed #olution to limit the de-letion of o6one la&er i# onl& to reduce the amount of !@!# u#ed( 2ith thi#, the amount of chlorine and %romine relea#ed into the #trato#-here will %e decrea#ed( $. %ir Pollution Main Idea/Definition of the threat Air -ollution i# when there i# a mixture of chemical# and natural material# in the air that e'entuall& cau#e# dama"e# in human#, animal and li'in" or"ani#m# a# well a# #tructure# +e"( %uildin"#,( 5he& are u#uall& cau#ed %& %urnin" of fo##il fuel# which relea#e# car%on dioxide and #ulfur dioxide u#uall& throu"h -ower -lant# and car exhau#t fume#( 1ulfur dioxide can al#o %e relea#ed naturall& %& 'olcanoe#( *ro%lem# the& -o#e Air -ollution i# mo#t nota%l& $nown for cau#in" harm to li'in" thin"#, acidif&in" %odie# of water, and deterioratin" #tructure#( In human# the& can cau#e health i##ue# or e'en decrea#e life ex-ectanc&( In %odie# of water, the act of acidif&in" $ill# marine life( 4x-lanation# of 'ariation# that exi#t within the threat 1ome 'ariation# that exi#t in air -ollution are car%on monoxide and #ulfur dioxide( !ar%on monoxide i# cau#ed %& the fuel com%u#tion from 'ehicle# and en"ine#( 5he cau#e of thi# i# that it reduce# the amount of ox&"en "oin" into the %od&A# or"an# and ti##ue#( 1ulfur dioxide i# cau#ed from electric utilitie# and indu#trial -roce##e# a# well a# natural incident# li$e 'olcanoe#( *icture

4xam-le of a reaction that contri%ute# to thi# threat A( !la##if& reaction 7 !om%u#tion 8( 8alance the reaction +if not alread& %alanced, and include all #tate# 2132 +", 9 32 +", > 2133 +",

!( =edox 3xidi6ed 1 +", =educed 32 +", Num%er of e7 tran#ferred / e7 D( Net Ionic 4;uation 2132 +", 9 32 +", > 2133 +", 4( 3%#er'ation# ?a# react# to form #ulfur trioxide( 1olution# A -ro-o#ed #olution to retrie'e ox&"en "a# and #ulfur dioxide would %e to decom-o#e #ulfur trioxide(