SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)

Research Paper
Building Services 1 (QSB1714) Submission Date: 18/11/201 Sustainable !aste"ater #reatment
Group member
$im %i &ei $im #(e )sing +u,ammad S-a.i/ Bin 0osli 0euel 2,an 3rn-l 0ut, #eo !ong 2,oong $ing

Student ID
0 07'72 1007&7'40* 0 0 *01 0 11110 0 07'01 0 14104

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Table of Contents
1 2 Introduction of selected topic Waste water 2.1. Domestic waste water 2.1.1. Household waste 2 .1.2. Human waste 2.1.3. Storm flow street cleanin! 2.1.4. Industrial waste 2.2. "rocess waste 3 4 2.3. Coolin! waste Importance of waste water T'pes of waste water treatment 4.1 Con(entional wastewater treatment # 4.2. )atural wastewater treatment ,ana!ement s'stem #.1. -perator issue #.2. ,onitorin! technolo!' #.3. ,aintenance #.4. .eplacement % #.# ,ew assets and up!rades Sustainable waste water treatment process %.1. Collection s'stem %.2. "reliminar' treatment %.3. -dor control %.4. "rimar' Treatment %.#. Secondar' Treatment %.%. Tertiar' Treatment & %.&. Disinfection 0d(anta!es of sustainable waste water treatment &.1. Wastewater treatment process clean water &.2. Wastewater treatment process 1ill bacteria and contaminations &.3. Wastewater treatment process Helps econom' &.4. Wastewater treatment process sustainable wastewater treatment sa(es mother * nature Case stud' *.1. Introduction *.2. -(er (iew flow chart in Indah Water 2unus sewa!e treatment plant 4#-5e te6t7 &age 2

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*.2.1. 3rid Chamber *.2.2. "rimar' clarifier *.2.3. 0eration Tan4 *.2.4. Secondar' Clarifier *.2.#. ,easurin! Tan4 *.2.%. Slud!e treatment "rocess *.2.&. Sustainabilit' of the sewa!e plant + *.2.*. 3reen Technolo!ies "ossible problems to the s'stem +.1. "roblem to oil and !rease +.2. "roblem to old a!in! e5uipment +.3. "roblem to insufficient tan4s +.4. "roblem to slud!e 1/ +.#. "roblem to confined space .ecommendations for future impro(ement 1/.1. .ecommendation for oil and !rease problem 1/.2. .ecommendation to old a!in! e5uipment 1/.3. .ecommendation to insufficient tan4s 1/.4. .ecommendation to slud!e 11 12 13 14 1/.#. .ecommendation to confined space Conclusion Indi(idual 6earnin! -utcomes .eference 0ppendices

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1. Introduction Sewera!e s'stem is a s'stem of pipes that are connected to buildin!s and homes that carr' waste material such as human feces and urine awa' to a sewera!e treatment plant were waste water is treated. 78Sewa!e $ Definition and ,ore from the 9ree ,erriam$Webster Dictionar'8: 2/13;In this modern era the societ' is more concerned about a !reener en(ironment and runnin! their li(es in a 4#-5e te6t7 &age

more en(ironment friendl' wa'. Therefore a sustainable sewera!e s'stem has been a bi! issue around the world. Sustainable sewera!e s'stem is a more en(ironment friendl' wa' of treatin! waste water. -nce the waste water from homes and buildin! reaches the waste water treatment plant it !oes throu!h a series of processes the processes that are primar' treatment process and the secondar' treatment. Theses processed will treat the waste water and turn it from waste water in to clear water. Durin! the water treatment process no chemicals were used or added in the water. 2iolo!ical processes such as anaerobic and ano<ic proses ta4e place for water treatment. 0fter the process is done the treated water will follow to the nearb' ri(er and a small amount will be reused with in the treatment plant. 9or the solid particles that were collected: li5uid are drained out from it and the solid is use as fertili=er.

Dia!ram abo(e shows the waste water collection and treatment. 788: 2/12:;

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2. Waste wate In dictionaries it is describe as water that has been used. 7>Wastewater $ Definition and ,ore from the 9ree ,erriam$Webster Dictionar'8: 2/13.; To most people waste water is the water that is flushed out from our toilet. Waste water is not onl' the water we flush out but there are man' classifications of waste water such as Domestic waste water: process waste water and coolin! waste water. 2.1. Domestic waste water 78Wastewater8: n.d.; Domestic waste water is produced due to the act of li(in! that includes household waste: human waste: storm flow street cleanin! and industrial waste. 2.1.1. Household waste Household waste is produced from the act of cleanin! such as washin! dishes: washin! clothes: moppin! the floor: etc. 2.1.2. Human waste Human waste is the wastes that human e<cretion that !ets flush down. ?<ample@ urine and defecation. 2.1.3. Storm 9low Street cleanin! This waste water is produced b' street cleanin! acti(it' and durin! a rain when the rain water alon! with the dirt or rubbish that flow in the drain. 2.1.4. Industrial Waste Industrial waste are produced b' factories when unwanted substances durin! manufacturin! and to<ic waste. 2.2. "rocess waste "rocess waste is similar to industrial waste. It is the waste that is produced b' factories and industrial areas. The waste includes unwanted substances durin! manufacturin!: undesired li5uid and e(en to<ic waste. These waste are harmful to the en(ironment: it ma' rob the o<'!en from the en(ironment and cause serious effects on wildlife and e(en human.

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2.3. Coolin! waste water This is a result of the heat e<chan!er. This process mainl' occurs in the factor' when lar!e mechanical machiner' is used constantl' and coolin! is needed to pre(ent the machine from o(erheatin!. 70cap: 2/11; 6astl': waste water is in a form of heated waste water or cooled waste water. Heated waste water is produce b' process water and cooled waste water is produced b' rain or snowfall. The chan!es of temperature in the waste water ma' affect the settin! rates: le(el of dissol(ed o<'!en le(el and biolo!ical action that will cause problem durin! the waste water treatment process.

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!. I"#$ ta%&e $' wastewate t eat"e%t #(a%t Wastewater treatment plant treats the water that !oes down into the buildin!As drains and released it bac4 into the en(ironment. Wastewater treatment plant is one of the most importance elements in ma4in! sure the en(ironments are clean. The importance of wastewater treatment plant is it will clear the water we use in our homes of solid materials. This process is 4nown as screenin! and settlement is ph'sicall' biolo!icall' and chemicall' clean and safe to be dischar!ed bac4 into en(ironment 78Simpl' Science@ Wh' 0re Wastewater Treatment "lants So ImportantB8: 2/11;. The purpose of this process is it will a(oid the pollution related with earthAs en(ironment such as pollution of flora and fauna. It is also to pre(ent us humans to be e<posed to the diseases caused b' the patho!enic or!anisms inside the drains such as t'phoid and diarrhea. Clean water is critical to plants and animals that li(e in water. This shows that wastewater treatment is important to the fishin! industr': sport fishin! enthusiasts: and future !enerations. Water is a !reat place for us all as the recreational place. The scenic and recreational (alues of our waters are reasons wh' man' people choose to li(e where the' do. Cisitors are e<posed to water acti(ities such as swimmin! and fishin! 78Water Dse@ Wastewater treatment8: 2/13;. So: wastewater treatment is so important to ma4e sure that the water is clean and not contaminated.

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4.1 Con(entional Wastewater Treatment. Con(entional wastewater treatment is a process whereb' biolo!ical: chemical and ph'sical processes are carried out throu!h the different sta!es of treatment 79ood and 0!riculture -r!ani=ation of the Dnited )ations: 1++2;. The sta!es of treatment start from preliminar': primar': secondar' and tertiar' dependin! on which sta!e the countr'As wastewater treatment plant practices. In ,ala'sia: the Indah Water 1onsortium Compan' stops at the secondar' sewa!e treatment sta!e. 0t the preliminar' sta!e: this is the first sta!e of treatment in which bi!!er solid particles: oil: and lar!e materials are bein! remo(ed from the influent wastewater. In order to carr' out this process: screenin!: !rit remo(al and oil and !rease remo(al will be used to aid with fulfillin! this process. The ne<t sta!e is the primar' treatmentE this treatment in(ol(es sedimentation and floatation. 2iochemical o<'!en demand 72-D;: suspended solids 7SS;: oil and !rease are remo(ed durin! primar' treatment. Some or!anic nitro!en: or!anic phosphorus: and hea(' metals associated with solids are also remo(ed durin! primar' sedimentation but colloidal and dissol(ed constituents are not affected 79ood and 0!riculture -r!ani=ation of the Dnited )ations: 1++2;. The followin! is the secondar' sta!eE here biolo!ical treatment is carried out to remo(e to remo(e or!anic and suspended slud!e. This sta!e is done with b' usin! acti(ation slud!e: bio$filtration and sedimentation. 6astl': the tertiar' treatment is the filtration and disinfection of effluent b' carr'in! out biolo!ical and chemical treatment to remo(e nutrients and patho!ens 7Indah Water 1onsortium: 2/13;. The tertiar' treatment sta!e is an optional process in order to ha(e a hi!her standard of effluent.

4.2 )atural Wastewater Treatments

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The natural wastewater treatment is a treatment process whereb' lesser mechanical e5uipments are bein! used. This process treats wastewater b' usin! plants and bacteria to remo(e pollutants and to<ic substances throu!h natural reaction

4.3 Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. The importance of sustainable waste treatment is to protect: care for and conser(e the en(ironment and humanAs health 7Fhansi G ,ishra: 2/13: p.#;. This also in(ol(es usin! eco$friendl' technolo!ies to carr' out the treatment process which is able to sa(e cost and reduce the effect of !lobal warmin!. The sustainable wastewater treatment must meet the re5uirements of the ?n(ironmental Hualit' 0ct 1+&4 7?H0 1+&4; for the biolo!ical o<idation demand 72-D;: chemical o<idation demand: suspended solids and oil and !as which needs to be control.

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The mana!ement for sustainable wastewater s'stem can be either in indi(idual or on$site s'stem. ,aintenances are needed in order to maintain the abilit' of the technolo!' for sustainable wastewater thereforeE cost will be one of the factors that affect the choice of technical solution. 0s for the on-site wastewater system (OWS): it is a s'stem referrin! from collection: stora!e: treatment: neutrali=ation: or stabili=ation of wastewater that occurs on the compan' propert'. Which in(ol(e septic tan4s: collection wells: aerated wastewater treatment s'stems: !re'water treatment s'stems: compostin! toilets and incineratin! toilets. 7>On-site Single Domestic Wastewater Management";. The indi(idual mana!ement of on$site s'stems has come under increasin! attention b' a!encies concerned about bod' health and it is normal to find that septic tan4s and other on$site s'stems are badl' maintained and operated. There are often resultant problems with dischar!es on to site and e<cretor' product wa's: and impureness of the water supple. The cause of failure usuall' is the lac4 of 4nowled!e and professions on how to operate and maintain the s'stems. Cost of maintenance is one of the main problems as well. The owner ma' be able to sa(e mone' in a short term: but the s'stem will ha(e to be replaced earlier than usual based on the lac4 of maintenance. Therefore: the (alue of the asset will be decreasin!. In order to identif' that whether it is a fi<able mana!ement issue and not a technical problem: first: 'ou ha(e to 4now the scale of the problem: which ma' in(ol(e wor4in! with 'our local administrati(e bod' to do a full limited re(iew of on$site s'stems. 2esides that: understandin! the ran!e that people do to maintain their on$site s'stems. 1nowin! if the s'stems are suitable for the soils: ph'sical en(ironment: water table: structure and other ph'sical attributes of the site and lastl' the cost of an up!rade. The operation and maintenance that need mana!ement to be issued are operational issues: monitorin! technolo!ies: maintenance: replacement: and new assets and up!rades. 7>Sustainable Wastewater Management: A handbook or smaller communities - !art ": Section ## $ Ministry or the %n&ironment';. #.1 -perational issues I-perationsA normall' applies on the dail' arran!ement that happens to run a s'stem. 9or e<ample: electricit' is needed in order to run the central wastewater s'stem: as well as wor4man cost for someone to monitor and mana!e the s'stem. 9or on$site s'stems: the wor4in! issues are probabl' small but will include super(isin! and chec4ups. 7>Sustainable Wastewater Management: A handbook or smaller communities - !art ": Section ## $ Ministry or the %n&ironment';. #.2 ,onitorin! technolo!ies

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The de(elopment of new technolo!ies for monitorin! on$site s'stem treatment units and transferrin! monitorin! data b' phone lines to a central mana!ement and ser(icin! a!enc' now pro(ides hi!h$ le(el: economical support to chec4$up pro!rams. Such monitorin! technolo!ies enable wor4man cost sa(in!s associated with process and maintenance chec4ups. 7>Sustainable Wastewater Management: A handbook or smaller communities - !art ": Section ## $ Ministry or the %n&ironment';. #.3 ,aintenance 0ll the acti(ities are needed to 4eep the ph'sical s'stem at a hi!h 5ualit'. 2' ha(in! the ri!ht time and mone' spent on maintenance will e<tend the lifespan of the s'stem as well as b' meanin! that 'ou donJt ha(e to replace the s'stem earlier than is needed. ,aintenance can include re!ular cleanin! of pipes and screens: pump$outs of septic tan4s: and related testin!. -ther than that: monitorin! of the ph'sical state of a s'stem will also be necessar'. 7>Sustainable Wastewater Management: A handbook or smaller communities - !art ": Section ## $ Ministry or the %n&ironment';. #.4 .eplacement 0ll s'stem also has a lifespanE therefore: the' will ha(e their own limit as well. .eplacin! and mana!ement are needed to ta4e place in order to maintain the le(el of the s'stem at the accordin! time. Commissioned mana!ement assistance ma' a(oid this problem. 7>Sustainable Wastewater Management: A handbook or smaller communities - !art ": Section ## $ Ministry or the %n&ironment';. #.# )ew assets and up!rades Constructin! a new s'stem will impro(e the (alue of an e<istin! s'stemE increasin! its (olume ma' all be needed from time to time. 7>Sustainable Wastewater Management: A handbook or smaller communities - !art ": Section ## $ Ministry or the %n&ironment';.

/. 0 $&ess $' S1sta2%a3(e Wastewate T eat"e%t

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(igure: !rocess o Sustainable Wastewater )reatment Sustainable wastewater treatment can be done in ph'sical: biolo!ical: and chemical treatment in order to obtain clean wastewater and reuse in another field. The steps for the procedure are the collection s'stem: odour control: preliminar' treatment: primar' treatment: secondar' treatment: tertiar' treatment and disinfection. 7>Wastewater )reatment !rocess';. %.1 Collection S'stem It is necessar' that the communit'As waste material be continuall' remo(ed from homes or industries. The collection s'stems are as important as distribution s'stems. The' can ha(e a dan!erous impact on en(ironmental and sanitar' issues if capacit' and maintenance are insufficient. "roblems such as flood on streets and basement with contaminated water ma' occur if the o(erloaded s'stems are o(erspill. This ma' also caused diseases to spread on. -(erloads also increase the production of h'dro!en sulphide: which will corrode the s'stems. The process of !et rid of the wastewater is as important as suppl'in! fresh water to the communit'. "lannin! and operatin! the s'stems is more efficientl' b' incorporatin! inno(ati(e solutions: which can reduce in(estments and maintenance costs. %.2 "reliminar' Treatment 4#-5e te6t7 &age 12

"reliminar' treatment: or screenin!: is the first step in cleanin! the wastewater. The main purpose of preliminar' treatment is to protect the process of the treatment plant. This is achie(ed b' remo(in! an' constituents such as roc4s: ra!s: to's: and !olf balls from the wastewater: which can bloc4 or dama!e pumps: or interfere with subse5uent treatment processes. 0 small mechanicall' mi<ed basin is used to remo(e an' !ra(el and sand$li4e materials before the wastewater is proceed to primar' treatment. ?<cessi(e amounts of oils or !reases are remo(ed as well. 7> !reliminary )reatment';. De(ices such as rac4s and bar screens: comminutin! de(ices: !rit chambers: pre$aeration tan4s: and pre$chlorination. %.3 -dor Control The odor of wastewater can be stron!: persistent: and a nuisance to communities that situated near the wastewater treatment plant. 7>Wastewater )reatment Odor *ontrol $ Manage +ndustrial Smell';. In order to o(ercome the odor problem: all si!nificant odor sources are co(ered or contained. 0ir from possible odor sources is ta4en and treated usin! chemical scrubbers to neutrali=e odor$producin! compounds. This odor can be treated with thermal: biolo!ical and chemical treatment method. T'pes of treatment wor4s best can be dependin! on the concentration of odor: the airflow rate: and a(ailable land area for the s'stem: capital bud!et and dischar!e limitations. -dors are produced in (ar'in! de!rees throu!hout the wastewater treatment process with the main odor$!eneratin! areas bein! pump stations: head wor4s: clarifiers: di!esters: aeration basins: la!oons and slud!e handlin! areas. -dors that are !enerall' related with this process include h'dro!en sulphide: ammonia: sulphur dio<ide: s4atoles: mercaptans: amines and indoles. %.4 "rimar' Treatment In primar' treatment: the incomin! flow is slowed in lar!e tan4s: which allow components that are hea(ier than water or hea(' inor!anics such as the seeds: coffee !rounds: dirt and !ra(el of the waste stream to settle to the bottom b' !ra(it' that ta4es place in !rit remo(al tan4s. 7> Wastewater )reatment !rocess';. Then: the wastewater flows into the primar' settlin! basins: which where the smaller particles settle out and mechanical de(ices scan off oil and solids that float to the top. Di!ester: which allows both pollutants are pumped into lar!e: heated holdin! silos. To under!o odor control: primar' clarifiers are co(ered and 4ept under a constant (acuum and the !ases remo(ed routed throu!h odor reducin! e5uipment. This treatment process will !i(e cleaner water if comparin! to the pre(ious wastewater. Howe(er: there are still remainin! of 3/ percent of the ori!inal suspended solids that were in the plantJs influent: and about &/ percent of the ori!inal 2iochemical -<'!en Demand 72-D;. "rocess of remo(in! wrec4a!es and lar!e particles from the wastewater are found in primar' treatment in order to prepare for the biolo!ical treatment process.

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%.# Secondar' Treatment Second treatment is the second sta!e after the primar' treatment for the wastewater treatment. .emo(in! or reducin! contaminants or !rowths that are left in the wastewater from the primar' treatment process can be done in the secondar' treatment. )ormall': biolo!ical treatment is used in order to treat wastewater in this step because it is the most efficient t'pe of treatment on bacteria: or contaminant: !rowth. It can remo(e up to +/ percent of the or!anic matter that left in the wastewater. 0ttached !rowth processes and suspended !rowth processes are the two most common con(entional wa's used to achie(e secondar' treatment. 7> Secondary Wastewater )reatment';. 0round +* percent of the nation wastewater treatment facilities onl' under!o until secondar' treatment sta!e: which is enou!h as it can be used but not for drin4in!. 7> Wastewater )reatment !rocess';. 0fter solids and lar!e particles are remo(ed: the wastewater will flows into a lar!e aeration basins: where air is added to benefit the !rowth of microor!anisms that naturall' li(e in wastewater. The wastewater is clean b' the microor!anisms: called >acti(ated slud!e:K throu!h di!estin! or!anic materials and other contaminants. 0bout three hours: wastewater is bein! remains in the aeration basins for the microor!anisms to !row and consume the bacteria. 0fterwards: the wastewater enters basins called secondar' clarifiers: where the acti(ated slud!e settles out of the waterE some if it is reused in the treatment process and the rest is collected: thic4ened: and dewatered usin! rotar' presses that s5uee=e out the e<cess water. The resultin! slud!e is transported to a landfill for disposal. 9inall': sodium h'pochlorite is brou!ht into the water to 4ill an' remainin! bacteria. The resultin! wastewater is then releasedE it is cleaner than the ri(er water and is not harmful to the ecos'stem. The cleaned wastewater then flows to the tertiar' treatment. %.% Tertiar' Treatment Tertiar' treatment is the ne<t wastewater treatment process after secondar' treatment: which is also an additional treatment be'ond secondar'. 7>)ertiary Wastewater )reatment';. Wastewater will be cleaner in this treatment b' usin! a more ad(ance treatment s'stems. This step remo(es perse(erin! contaminants that primar' and secondar' treatment was not able to clean up. 0bout ++ percent of all impurities from wastewater can be remo(ed. 7>+ntroduction to Wastewater )reatment !rocesses $ World ,ank - Water';. This process is similar to the process used b' drin4in! water plants to clean raw water for communit' and industrial drin4in! water. 0n e<ample of a t'pical tertiar' treatment process is the adLustment of a conser(ati(e secondar' treatment plant to remo(e e<tra phosphorus and nitro!en. %.& Disinfection 4#-5e te6t7 &age 14

The last sta!e for wastewater treatment is disinfection. Sodium H'pochlorite 7M12N 2leach; treated at a controlled le(el in order to 4ill an' remainin! bacteria that left in the wastewater before it is sends out to the communit'. Disinfection is often done with chlorine before dischar!e of the wastewater. Oet: this procedure is ta4en concerned b' the en(ironmental authorities. It is also done b' means of ultra(iolet 7DC; ra's. Disinfection is normall' built in a treatment plant desi!n: but not efficientl' ta4e place as for the hi!h cost of chlorine: or the reduce of the use of DC radiation which the water is not ade5uatel' clear or free of the particles. 7>Wastewater )reatment !rocess';.

4. A56a%ta.es $' S1sta2%a3(e Wastewate T eat"e%t

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&age 11

Wastewater is an'thin! that flows down the sin4 from the toilet: from the meltin! of snow: rains that enters the storm draina!e s'stem and to the water we e<crete. Wastewater treatment process remo(es a lar!e (ariet' of contaminants from water for it to be able to use a!ain. Wastewater treatment is important to the societ' such as clean water: better economics: disease free: and much other. &.1. Wastewater treatment pro(ides clean water Sustainable wastewater treatmentAs benefit depends on the nature of the contaminants in the water and the water treated used in the end. This treatment pro(ides clean water: as to 4nown to men: water is a ne(er$endin! resource: it almost 1//N renewable because it !ets purified throu!h e(aporation and rainE 'et 3N of the water in the earth is onl' potable 7)ara Dooley. Wastewater )reatment Made *lear: %n&ironmental ,ene its. /001). ?(en thou!h nature pla's it part in cleansin! wastewater o(er lon! period of time: the true benefit of sustainable wastewater treatment is maintainin!: cleanin! and purif' wastewater to be reuse. 2esides: sustainable wastewater treatment processes are e(ol(in! as researchers de(elop new method. Such research leads better purification: the pace of water treatment and the remo(in! contaminants in wastewater. The inno(ation in technolo!' has led a more sustainable treatment that brin!s ad(anta!es to the societies. &.2. Wastewater treatment 4ills bacteria and contaminants 0 sustainable wastewater treatment can hold potential disease 4illin! contaminants throu!h filter process that obstruct their path and 4ill the or!anism in further process. This pre(ents the disease and bacteria from enterin! to the water stream: to the !round or e(en to the s4' in harmin! people also the plants and animals 7)ara Dooley. Wastewater )reatment Made *lear: %n&ironmental ,ene its. /001). Sustainable wastewater treatment is well de(eloped and purifies the water to the e<tent that the water is contaminants and disease free. &.3. Wastewater treatment plants helps economicall' Wastewater treatment also pla's a part in economicsE plentiful Lobs are introduced b' the treatment research and processin!. 9or e<ample: a treatment facilit' and plant re5uires dail' maintenance and human operation. In addition: a sustainable wastewater treatment could increase the respecti(e countr' import dramaticall' b' recei(in! wastewater and treat it into clean water and import to nearb' countries. Tourism could be encoura!ed when clean water is pump bac4 into the ri(er !i(in! !ood water stream: maintainin! natural habitats. &.4. Sustainable wastewater treatment sa(es ,other )ature T 2#(e B$tt$" L2%e

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(Sustainability Assessment (ramework 2)able34 (n4d4)4 5etrie&ed rom htt6:77www4wastewatermadeclear4ca7inthecrd7goals4htm)

The Triple 2ottom 6ine also 4nown as Sustainabilit' 0ssessment 9ramewor4 7S09; is used to 4eep trac4 of the pro!ram of sustainable wastewater treatment and assist in e<plorin! options for wastewater treatment (8ohn S. Dan S. Memorandum on the Sustainability Assessment (ramework. 8anuary /009)4 Social: en(ironmental and economic are the three ad(anta!es in the success of an' plan in wastewater treatment. When it comes to en(ironmental: ener!' efficienc' pla's a maLor partE a sustainable wastewater treatment re5uires little horsepower to run for few da's and hi!h rate of eliminatin! inflow and infiltration: reducin! pumpin! and treatment demands. 9or social: safet' is a priorit': for public health: a sustainable wastewater treatment minimi=e e<posure of the s'stem to the surroundin!: pre(entin! smells and odour form escapin!. 0nd as for economic: affordabilit' is a mustE sustainable wastewater treatment is constructed in phases as needed: not to be o(ersi=e for future !rowth that mi!ht not happen. -peration and maintenance are also low cost.

7. Case st15+

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*.1. Introduction

Dia!ram@ 2irdAs e'e (iew of 2D)DS Sewa!e Treatment "lant. Indah water consortium SD) 2HD is a national sewera!e treatment compan' and it is owned b' the minister of finance incorporated .Indah water consortium Sdn 2hd is ,ala'siaAs lar!est sustainable waste water treatment plant that monopoli=es the industr'. We mana!e to (isit the waste water treatment plant that was located at Titiwan!sa. The treatment plant is 1/ acres wide and contains two o<idation ponds. ?ach treatment plant has a responsibilit' treatin! the waste from certain about of households: the amount is determine b' the population e5ui(alent 7"?; of that area. This particular treatment plant is responsible for treatin! waste of 1uala 6umpur and 0mpan!.

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&age 18

-<idation ponds 78o<idation ponds8: 2/13: p. <<$<<; Waste from all the houses and buildin! that treatment plant is responsible for will tra(el from a pipe to the 1onsortium. 9irstl': the input !oes to the !rid chamber to the primar' chamber then the secondar' chamber. 6astl': after runnin! a few tests the output that meets the ?n(ironment Hualit' 0ssociation will be flown to the ri(er and 1/N of the output will be used as maintenance in the treatment plant itself. In the treatment plant it has a room with the name of SC0D0.SC0D0 stands for super(isor' control and data ac5uisition s'stem. This monitorin! s'stem is a real$time process monitorin!: were emplo'ees wor4 round a cloc4 to monitor the plant so that all the machines are wor4in! properl'. 2esides monitorin! from SC0D0: wor4ers in char!e will run a dail' process monitorin!. The dail' process monitorin! includes samplin! test: electrical de(ices inspection and e5uipment maintenance. Durin! the samplin! test people in char!e will run a samplin! test that in(ol(es them to !o to the ponds and collect samples to be tested. In the electrical de(ices inspection and e5uipment maintenance chec4in! and maintainin! of electrical competence are done and if an' of the de(ices are spoil and bro4en it will be fi<ed immediatel'.

4#-5e te6t7

&age 1'

*.2. -(erall 9low Chart at Indah Water: 2unus Sewa!e Treatment "lant Seconda rclari.ier

8rit c,amber

&rimarclari.ier

%eration tan9

8ravitt,ic9ener

Digesto r

+easuri ng tan9 Sludge ca9e storage -ard

:il disc,ar ge tan9

+ec,anic al t,ic9ener

Sludge treatme nt .acilit-

Sludge de"aterin g unit

*.2.1. 3rit Chamber 4#-5e te6t7 &age 20

The !rit chamber is first process for treatin! the wastewater. In this part of the process: solid parts are bein! remo(ed. This is done b' usin! a mechanical screen whereb' the sewa!e pass throu!h the screen to remo(e floatin! materials: rubbish: fibers and !arba!e. Then the sewa!e passes throu!h the 3rit Collector and -il S4immers to remo(e !rit and oil: which carries on to the "rimar' Clarifier.

9i!ure 1@ ,echanical Screenin!

9i!ure 2@ 3rit Collector

9i!ure 3@ -il S4immer

9i!ure 4@ -il Collector

*.2.2. "rimar' Clarifier

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&age 21

Small li!ht particles: suspended solids and biochemical o<'!en demand 72-D; and scrap floatin! scum are remo(ed at this sta!e. Slud!e will settle to the bottom and will be collected to be transferred to 3ra(it' Thic4ener.

9i!ure #@ "rimar' Clarifier

*.2.3. 0eration Tan4 The aeration tan4 consists of 4 components consistin! of 2 ano<ic tan4s and 2 aerobic tan4s. Here: the 2 IST?" 9??DA ano<ic and aerobic processes are carried out.

4#-5e te6t7

&age 22

0t the 0no<ic tan4: the wastewater is stirred mechanicall' usin! mi<er in the absence of dissol(e o<'!en. Here micro$or!anism from the returned acti(ated slud!e is use for denitrification. Denitrification means b' biolo!icall' con(erts nitrates to nitro!en !as: which are release to the atmosphere. Howe(er: at the aerobic tan4: o<'!en supplied from air blowers are consumes b' the micro$ or!anisms from the ano<ic tan4 to reduce the carbonaceous materials and other nutrients. This two step process con(erts ammonia to nitrate and nitrite.

9i!ure %@ 0no<ic Tan4

9i!ure &@ 0erobic Tan4

9i!ure *@ De$foamin! at 0erobic Tan4

*.2.4. Secondar' Clarifier 4#-5e te6t7 &age 2

This sta!e is the last process to complete the treatment of wastewater. Here the secondar' clarifier clarifies and separate slud!e and water. The scum and other floatin! debris are remo(ed b' scum s4immer. The settled slud!e is collected below and returned to ano<ic tan4 as .eturn 0cti(ated Slud!e.

9i!ure +@ Secondar' Clarifier

9i!ure 1/@ Scum S4immer

*.2.#. ,easurin! Tan4 The treated wastewater is the clarified effluent will be dischar!e as final effluent to Sun!ai 3omba4 and a portion of 1/N of clarified effluent is filtered and rec'cled as utilit' water for plant operation: de$ foamin!: de$sulfuriser scrubbin!: pol'mer preparation: dewaterin! and plant cleanin! purposes.

9i!ure 11@ ?ffluent to be sent to measurin! tan4

9i!ure 12@ ,easurin! tan4

*.2.%. Slud!e Treatment "rocess

4#-5e te6t7

&age 24

Slud!e treatment process is the process mention below: to stabili=e slud!e: reduce odor: remo(e water and reduce slud!e (olume which were obtained from the primar' and secondar' clarifier which settled at the bottom of the pit. The slud!e treatment process is done b' usin! !ra(it' thic4ener: mechanical thic4ener: slud!e di!estor: slud!e dewaterin! and odor scrubber. a; 3ra(it' thic4ener $ separates water from slud!e b' usin! !ra(it' force. 2' appl'in! this !ra(itational force method: the slud!e from the primar' clarifier would be more suitable due to eas' settlin!.

9i!ure 13@ 3ra(it' Thic4ener b; ,echanical thic4ener P thic4ens the water slud!e drawn$out from secondar' clarifier. "ol'mer is used to impro(e solid reco(er'.

9i!ure 14@ ,echanical Thic4ener

c; Slud!e di!estor and 3as collection s'stem P di!estor further stabili=e the thic4ened slud!e. Di!estor !as is collected: then stored in !as holder to be burned to a(oid odour from bein! released to the air.

4#-5e te6t7

&age 21

9i!ure 1#@ Slud!e di!estor

9i!ure 1%@ 3as holder and !as combustor

9i!ure 1&@ 3as holder

9i!ure 1*@ 3as combustor

d; Slud!e dewaterin! P con(e' dewatered slud!e ca4e to slud!e ca4e hopper to be loaded into dump truc4 to send to landfill

;igure 20: Sludge ca9e ,o55er 9i!ure 1+@ Slud!e dewaterin! machine e; -dor scrubber P e<traction fans are used to e<tract the odorous !ases that !oes throu!h a deodori=ation duct. The !ases are treated b' biolo!ical scrubber which is usin! hi!h concentration of immobili=ed microor!anisms.

4#-5e te6t7

&age 2*

9i!ure 21@ -dour scrubber

*.2.&. Sustainabilit' Indah Water uses microor!anisms instead of usin! chemicals to treat the wastewater. Therefore the effluent biolo!icall' con(erts nitrates to nitro!en !as: to be release to the atmosphere.

4#-5e te6t7

&age 27

2esides that: settled slud!e collected at slud!e pits returns to the ano<ic tan4 as .eturn 0cti(ated Slud!e which contains the microor!anisms to treat the influent. 2' usin! microor!anisms to treat the influent: this reduces the usa!e of chemical products used to treat wastewater. Therefore: this can reduce the cost of purchasin! chemical products and reduce chemical contamination in the ri(er and sea. In addition to that: the odorous !as is treated b' usin! biolo!ical scrubber. The biolo!ical scrubber contains hi!h concentration of immobili=ed microor!anisms which speeds up deodori=ation odorous substances from !enerated !ases. This biolo!ical scrubber can remo(e h'dro!en sullied: meth'l mercaptane: meth'l sulphide: meth'l disulfide and ammonia. In order to fulfill the ?n(ironmental Hualit' 0ct 7?H0; 1+&4: the 2unus Sewa!e Treatment "lant performance for the effluent of 2iolo!ical -<idation Demand 72-D;: Chemical -<idation Demand 7C-D;: Suspended Solid 7SS; and -il G 3rease 7-3; successfull' meets the re5uirement of ?H0 standards. The followin! table shows the ?H0 standards and 2unus Sewa!e Treatment "lant a(era!e performance@ ?H0 standards 7m! 6; Q #/./ Q 2//./ Q 1//./ Q 1/./ Items 2iolo!ical -<idation Demand Chemical -<idation Demand Suspended Solids -il G3rease 2unus ST" a(era!e performance 7m! 6; Q 1/./ Q #/./ Q 1/./ Q #./

This performance b' the treatment plant has reduced the hi!h amount of to<ics: nutrients and lar!e solids from effluent which will be dischar!e to the Sun!ai 3omba4 which will also conser(e the en(ironment from pollutions.

*.2.*. 3reen Technolo!ies Indah Water sewa!e treatment plants produce three main b'$products which are bio$effluent: bio!as and bio$solids. The reuse of bio$effluents are not bein! used e<ternall': bio$effluents are onl' used within the plant for internal house4eepin! and cleanin! the compound of the plant. The 2unus Sewa!e Treatment 4#-5e te6t7 &age 28

"lant uses 1/N of the treated effluent for maintenance purposes. The bio$effluent is also use to prepare pol'mers. 9urthermore: the 2unus Sewa!e Treatment "lant also uses the treated effluent for de$foamin!: de$sulfuriser scrubbin! and dewaterin!. 0ccordin! to the Indah Water 1onsortium Sustainabilit' .eport 2/11: thirteen of their re!ional plants are also e<ercisin! the reuse of bio$ effluent. 2io!as reuse is not as commonl' used as the bio$effluent b'$product. The 2unus Sewa!e Treatment "lant which we had (isited produces 22//mR of bio!as per da' but do use the bio!as to !enerate electricit'. Howe(er: the Feluton! Sewa!e Treatment "lant in "ulau "inan! produces **/mR of bio!as per da' uses it to !enerate electricit' for internal usa!e within the compounds of the plant onl'. 2io$solids are sold to local companies to produce soil conditioners: fertili=ers and ener!' fuel. This will reduce the disposal cost of bio$solids and encoura!e the use of bio$solids.

8. 0$ss23(e 0 $3(e"s t$ t9e s+ste" The 2D)DS ST" 7now Indah Water 1onsortium; we (isited is a sustainable wastewater treatment plant located at Titiwan!sa. 1The problems concernin! water sanitation stem from the rise in urban mi!ration and the practice of dischar!in! untreated wastewater. The uncontrolled !rowth in urban areas has made plannin! and e<pansion of water and sewa!e s'stems (er' difficult and
1

4#-5e te6t7

&age 2'

e<pensi(e to carr' out. In addition: man' of those mo(in! to the cit' ha(e low incomes: ma4in! it difficult to pa' for an' water s'stem up!rades. The problem with the current treatment technolo!ies is that the' are not sustainable. The con(entional centrali=ed s'stem flushes patho!enic bacteria out of the residential area: usin! lar!e amounts of water: and often combines the domestic wastewater with rainwater: causin! the flow of lar!e (olumes of patho!enic wastewater. 0nother reason man' treatment s'stems in de(elopin! countries are unsustainable and unsuccessful is that the' were simpl' copied from Western treatment s'stems without considerin! the appropriateness of the technolo!' for the culture: land: and climate. ,an' of the implemented installations were later abandoned due to the hi!h cost of runnin! the s'stem and repairs. -n the other hand: con(entional s'stems ma' e(en be technolo!icall' inade5uate to handle the locall' produced sewa!e. +.1 "roblem to oil and !rease. The first problem the' faced was durin! the process in !rit chamber where the sewa!e will pass throu!h the ,echanical Screen to remo(e waste and floatin! materials includin! !arba!e: rubbish and fibers. Durin! this process is the remo(al of oil and !rease throu!h the 3rit Collector and -il S4immers. -(er time: the oil will harden and cause the machine to not be able to function albeit perfectl' as before. Thus: it is (ital for this process to remo(e e<cessi(e oil and !rease as well as remo(e floatin! materials on the surface. It is often said that materials such as condom: which is made of late< or a certain transparenc' and (ariet' of thic4ness can easil' pass throu!h the filter process and causin! bloc4a!e. This result in a lot of difficult' for the wor4ers to unbloc4 the sewa!e in order to !et the materials out can prolon! the treatment process whereb' more wor4 for them and time wasted. +.2 "roblem to old and a!in! e5uipments I was also told that the e5uipments are too old and thus !i(es them a hard time durin! handlin! and operation of the machine. This has caused the speed of the wastewater process to be slow.

+.3 "roblem to insufficient tan4s ,oreo(er: I noticed that some of the treatment plants did not ha(e enou!h tan4s but occupied a lar!e area resultin! in more time needed to in the rec'cle process. +.4 "roblem to slud!e The odor produced b' the slud!e caused stron! smell when our !roup (isited the site. The cost for disposal is also too hi!h. 4#-5e te6t7 &age 0

+.# "roblem to confined space In addition: there is also an issue of confined space for the wastewater treatment plant wor4ers: which ma' cause the wor4ers to be e<posed to water$borne diseases and ma' end up in fatalit'. Ha(in! all the ad(anta!es aside: sustainable wastewater treatment also ha(e it downside: it also ha(e it disad(anta!es. Wastewater treatment contaminate the water downstream: causin! public health ha=ard of the treatment is not efficient enou!h to 4eep the contaminants in the s'stem itself. This will cause maLor impact to the surroundin!: as health is concern. It will also cause loss in nutrients resources such as potassium: nitro!en and phosphorus. These nutrients ha(e been filtered throu!h the treatment. 2eside: when the s'stem fails to reco(er or!anic wastewater from urban areas: itAs a hu!e loss of life supportin! resources: instead of usin! in a!ricultureE it will fill the ri(ers with polluted water. 0nother disad(anta!e is when wastewater is not treated properl' due to the presence of (arious t'pes of bacteria and material and in addition of hi!h le(el of chemical materials that are not remo(ed on the treatin! sta!es: this will cause health problems to people and also plants. When the water is used to supplement !roundwater is not well treated: it ma' cause bloc4a!e in networ4 used. To conclude: man' of the problems caused are due to human beha(ior and it is important and (ital to educate the public not to flush obLects or materials down the toilet: which can cause bloc4a!e: as pre(ention is alwa's better than cure. The s'stem should be utili=ed to maintain a low cost s'stem at the same time water should not be abused to reduce the cost of sewa!e treatment and to ma4e sure that the current treatment technolo!' is sustainable and will be o(er time. The reuse of wastewater should be implemented and waste mana!ement should be well established especiall' in urban areas.

:*. Re&$""e%5at2$%s '$ F1t1 e I"# $6e"e%t The problems in wastewater treatment are the problems with oil and !rease: !arba!e often !et stuc4 in the tan4s so the wor4ers waste lots of precious time to !et rid of it. ,oreo(er: old and a!in! e5uipments are used in the plant: the s'stem are not perfect enou!h: tan4s not enou!h but co(ers bi! areas so the more time is needed to rec'cle the processes. -ther problem is the slud!e caused bad odors and cost for slud!e disposal is too hi!h. 0fter !oin! throu!h the problems the wastewater treatment had: we came out with some recommendations for the problems for future impro(ement. 4#-5e te6t7 &age 1

1/.1 .ecommendations for oil and !rease problems -ur first problems is with the oil and !rease in the s'stem as !rease often !ets harden after some time because oil and !rease ha(e poor solubilit' in water and this is one of the most common problems the wastewater treatment s'stem worldwide. -ur recommendation is to install a !rease trap in all the buildin!s. The !rease trap is a de(ice used to remo(e oil and !rease from wastewater. 3rease traps wor4s (er' well: pro(ided the' are constructed and maintained properl'. 3rease traps are properl' desi!ned and constructed so as to effecti(el' remo(e !reas' materials from 'our 4itchen wastewater before dischar!e it to the sewer s'stem 7>*ommon wastewater 6roblems': 2/11;. 1/.2 .ecommendation for old and a!in! e5uipments )e<t: there is problem with the e5uipments. ,ost of the wastewater treatment plants use old and a!in! e5uipments so this is one of the main reasons the processes of the wastewater are slow. -ur recommendation is to chan!e the old e5uipments to the new one and these e5uipments need to be well maintained to ma4e sure it can last lon!er thus sa(e the costs to chan!e the e5uipments. 1/.3 .ecommendation for insufficient tan4s )e<t: some of the wastewater treatment plants did not ha(e enou!h tan4s but co(ers bi! areas so more time is needed to rec'cle the processes. .ecommendation for this problem is to build more tan4s so it will sa(e some precious time and made the rec'cle processes much faster. ,oreo(er: the current wastewater treatment plant could let other plants to co(er some of the areas pro(ided it is close to them. 1/.4 .ecommendation for slud!e problems There is also problem with slud!e. 9irstl': the odor produced b' the slud!e is too smell'. Secondl': the cost for slud!e disposal is too hi!h and this also made the whole processes become slow 7>)he Sludge !roblem': 2/13;. The solution for the bad odor produced b' slud!e is to use products that eliminate and control bad odors that ori!inate from the wastewater tan4s. 0s for the cost for slud!e disposal: the plant should use products that will reduce the (olume of slud!e produced and aid dewaterin! of the slud!e. This will reduces slud!e processin! and disposal costs in(ol(ed with usin! tan4er remo(al companies. 1/.# .ecommendation for confined space issue 6astl': there is also issue about confined space for wastewater treatment plant wor4ers. Confined space entr' issues are closel' monitored to ensure that emplo'ees are properl' trained and follow the strict: -SH0$re!ulated wastewater$treatments facilit' !uidelines. In the wastewater$ treatment industr': confined$space ha=ard awareness can mean the difference between life and 4#-5e te6t7 &age 2

death. The wor4ers are also e<posed to water borne disease which can caused fatalit'. What we recommend the wor4ers to do is the' should wash their hands with anti$bacterial soap. 2e sure to wash thorou!hl' and scrub under nails with a brush. 9or confined space: we recommend the wor4ers to follow all the procedures and wear their personal protecti(e e5uipment 7""?;. 7>Wastewater)reatment (acility Sa ety :uidelinesK: 2/12; 9or the conclusion: there are man' wa's to ma4e the wastewater treatment s'stem become much better thus impro(e the industr'.

::. C$%&(1s2$% Throu!hout the research: sustainable wastewater treatment impro(e the life f the ecos'stem b' reducin! the chance of water pollution: it also helps to rec'cled the wastewater for better use: as somewhere out there: there are people cr'in! out for help Lust to !et some water to use and e(en drin4. Wastewater treatment is more economics as well as it sa(e the cost as it decentrali=in! the water treatment instead of installin! e<pensi(e sewer s'stems. In order to achie(e that: choosin! a sustainable technolo!' with the help of the !i(en principles: which is encoura!in! the >=ero$ dischar!eK technolo!'B 0 sustainable wastewater treatment includes reuse of treated effluent as well as ecolo!ical sanitation s'stem. In addition: an implemented technolo!' must be able to de(elop with 4#-5e te6t7 &age

the communit'As sanitation needs. 0 sustainable wastewater treatment will help to impro(e the health: economics: and a!ricultural factors of the de(elopin! communit'.

:2. Lea %2%. O1t&$"es ; L2" A2 0e2 -ur !roup had been assi!ned the topic of sustainable waste water s'stem. Durin! the process I mana!e to learn the importance of sustainable waste water treatment. It is !ood to 4now that we human are not Lust thin4in! about disposin! waste but disposin! our waste in a I!reener wa'A. The meanin! of I!reener wa'A is: disposin! our waste without harmin! our earth or ecos'stem. 2esides that I learn about the process: mana!ement and the maintenance that !oes durin! the treatment process. In addition: I mana!e to impro(e m' communicatin! s4ills. I learn to wor4 with a !roup of people that ha(e different personalities and o(ercome our misunderstandin! in order to complete our proLect and I learned how to write a formal permission letter. The permission letter was 4#-5e te6t7 &age 4

sent to the person in char!e in the consortium. I was luc4' enou!h to ha(e the chance to (isit the Indah Water consortium and see the process first handedl'. 6astl': I learned to search for information from different sources such as boo4: e$boo4: Lournals articles and man' more.

Lea %2%. O1t&$"es ; L2" T<e Hs2%. In this assi!nment: we are re5uired to do a case stud' on one topic. -ur !roup !ot the sustainable wastewater treatment topic so we went to 2unus ST" 7now Indah Water 1onsortium; to learn and !ain more 4nowled!e on it. The purpose of this assi!nment is to help us to identif' the application: s'stem: installation process: mana!ement s'stem: problems: and recommendations for future impro(ement on a particular topic. The reason wh' this assi!nment benefits us is because we can see and e<perience with our own e'es on how the entire s'stem wor4s from one sta!e to another. ?ach of the sta!e re5uires optimum care and maintenance. I would li4e to ta4e this opportunit' to e<press m' sincere !ratitude to ?nci4 Sulaiman for his patience in e<plainin! the whole process to us who were clueless at that point on what sustainable wastewater treatment was all about. 0fter his briefin!: I found that sustainable wastewater treatment was not an eas' tas4: as it seems to be because the wor4ers and en!ineers ha(e to monitor each process thorou!hl' to meet the standard criteria of bein! sustainable. Durin! the (isit: I ha(e witnessed how sewa!e passed throu!h mechanical screen to remo(e floatin! materials such as !arba!e: fibers and waste. Then: the sewa!e passed throu!h the !rit collectors and oil s4immers to remo(e the !rit and oil. In this first process there was a stron! dis!ustin! smell due to the rubbish and solid li5uid waste. )ow then I came to reali=e how considerate for the wor4ers to put up with this and it is all because of helpin! us to clean wastewater. )e<t: water will !o throu!h primar' clarifier to remo(e small li!ht particles: suspended solids: and 2iochemical o<'!en demand 72-D;. 0fter this: water will !o throu!h ano<ic tan4 and aerobic tan4 for a 2 step feed process. 2' this time: water has been cleaned and sent to secondar' clarifier to separate slud!e and water. Some mi!ht wonder what happened to the slud!eB ?nci4 Sulaiman clarifies that the' will under!o slud!e treatment process to stabili=e slud!e: reduce odor: remo(e water: and reduce slud!e (olume before it is ta4en to dewaterin! where the screw con(e'ors installed beneath the slud!e dewaterin! unit con(e' the dewatered slud!e ca4e to the slud!e ca4e hopper. The slud!e ca4e is then directl' loaded into dump truc4 from hopper for disposal. We had our briefin! inside a scada 4#-5e te6t7 &age 1

room or most commonl' 4nown as control room: which impressed me because it is a real time monitorin! process to perform samplin! testin!: microbes anal'ses and electrical e5uipment maintenance repair. -(erall: I enLo'ed this (isit (er' much and man' than4s to m' lecturer ,s ,ariatul 6i=a for !i(in! us this assi!nment. 2' completin! this assi!nment I can now full' e<plain rele(ant information related to the abo(e topic of sustainable wastewater treatment.

Lea %2%. O1t&$"es ; -19a""a5 S+a'2= What I learned from this assi!nment is I !ot the chance to learn and understand on how the wastewater treatment plant s'stem reall' wor4s since I ha(e no information nor an' 4nowled!e about the s'stem before I were assi!ned for this assi!nment. 9urthermore: b' (isitin! the Indah Water plant with m' awesome !roup mates !i(e me a clearer pi<el on how does the s'stem wor4s as I able to see clearl' on how the s'stem wor4s with m' own e'es. "ersonall': I thou!ht the processes would be eas' to do but I am wron!: it is not eas' at all as there are man' processes in the s'stem. Ima!ine when one of the processes went wron!: the chances for other processes to !o wron! as well are hi!h. I also able to interpret and clearl' understand what is wastewater treatment plant s'stem to relate it into our case stud'. 6ast but not least: I am also able to identif' and e<plain the problems: applications: s'stems: installations: processes and also the benefits of this wastewater treatment plant s'stem to support our case stud'

Lea %2%. O1t&$"es ; R1t9 Te$ This !roup assi!nment on ISustainable Wastewater TreatmentA has !i(en me an in$depth 4nowled!e and understandin! on wastewater treatment and how it can be made sustainable. 9urthermore: this assi!nment enables me to identif' the application: s'stem: mana!ement: process: ad(anta!es: and disad(anta!es of sustainable wastewater treatment. 2' carr'in! out this proLect: I am able to learn independentl' throu!h searchin! for information from man' t'pes of sources such as boo4s: e$Lournals and e$ma!a=ine. In addition to that: I am able to handle problems such as misunderstandin! amon! members and tr' resol(in! the matter effecti(el'. 4#-5e te6t7 &age *

The areas which I ha(e co(ered in this assi!nment are the case stud' and the t'pes of wastewater treatment. This assi!nment !i(es me more 4nowled!e of the wastewater s'stem in ,ala'sia. 6astl': this proLect has also impro(ed m' communication s4ills amon! m' !roup members and with companies which I ha(e contacted to carr' out the (isit for the case stud'. I belie(e that this proLect has brou!ht man' benefits to prepare me in the wor4in! field for the man' 'ears to come.

Lea %2%. O1t&$"es ; Re1e( C9a% 0fter wee4s of completin! assi!nment: I am now able to 4now how wastewater treatment wor4sE I do ha(e a better understandin! on how is a sustainable wastewater treatment. In this !roup of %: we ha(e searched and arran!ed an appointment with the ,ala'sia )o.1 wastewater treatment: Indah Water Consortium Sdn. 2hd. 0t the site itself: we ha(e learnt the installation: process and e(en how sustainable and eco$friendl' the wastewater treatment in our countr'. We were !uided around the site from the primar' process till the end and were fascinated on how slud!e water cleanses into clean water. I was assi!ned to do a research on the ad(anta!es and disad(anta!es of sustainable wastewater treatment. Dpon m' research throu!h the internet: articles and boo4s: I ha(e accumulated information re!ardin! the ad(anta!es and disad(anta!es: and from here: I concluded that the Indah Water Consortium do ha(e a sustainable wastewater treatment. Throu!h this assi!nment: I ha(e reach the point of reali=ation on how important is wastewater treatment. The process of rec'clin! wastewater is essential in this era as without clean water: one could not sur(i(e. Clean water is needed in our dail' routines: such as washin!: drin4in! and such. In order to maintain a health' planet: wastewater treatment is needed to pre(ent wastewater to be poured into the ocean. I ha(e achie(ed our obLecti(es in our assi!nmentE I ha(e e<tended and refine our 4nowled!e on sustainable wastewater treatment. 2esides: I ha(e de(eloped a better understandin! on this course material and the current application in construction industr'.

Lea %2%. O1t&$"es ; W$%. C9$$%. L2%. 0fter completin! the assi!nments in wee4s: I am able to ha(e better understandin! on how sustainable wastewater treatment wor4s. ?speciall' that I ne(er come across to this solution. In this !roup assi!nment of % people: I was assi!ned to do research on the mana!ement s'stem of the 4#-5e te6t7 &age 7

sustainable wastewater treatment as well as the process of sustainable wastewater treatment. 0s in ,ala'sia: we !et to or!ani=e a site (isit on Indah Water: which is responsible on wastewater treatment. 0s I 4now: that wastewater treatment includes ph'sical: chemical and biolo!ical processes in order to remo(e an' ph'sical: chemical and biolo!ical contaminants that e<ist in the wastewater. 2esides that: throu!h the site (isit I also ha(e a better understandin! on how the machines wor4 in order to under!o sustainable wastewater treatment: such as the steps and the processes. Throu!h that: we !et to 4now the wastewater will be rec'cled and reused instead of Lust lea(in! them in the sea or la4e to create pollution. 2efore we start doin! this assi!nment: we had assi!ned e(er' member to do his or her part e5uall' and discuss on which site or compan' should we (isit in order to conduct case stud' and better understandin!. Due to this assi!nment: I !et to impro(e on mana!in! m' time: ha(e better s4ill o writin! essa' and able to wor4 to!ether as in a !roup which is a !reat e<perience to fellowship as well.

:!. Re'e e%&e L2st 72/12: 9ebruar' 22;. .etrie(ed from http@ https@ www.!oo!le.com.m' searchB 5SsustainableTsewa!eTs'stemsTcaseTstud'Gesp(S21/GesUsmS+3GsourceSlnmsGtbmSischGsaSV GeiSU3SDDo(4FcTUrHebm4H40HG(edS/C0cHU0Do0HGbiwS13%%GbihS%%&WesUsmS+3Gesp(S21 /G5SwastewaterTsewa!eTs'stemsGspellS1GtbmSischGfacrcSUGim!diiSUGim!rcS%$2D+/*"I4b9n, N30N32C,O,O!hn6S*!&,N32httpN2#30N2#29N2#29www.mwra.state.ma.usN2#29/3sewer N2#29htmlN2#292//*ditpflow#//.Lp!N32httpN2#30N2#29N2#29www.mwra.state.ma.us N2#29/3sewerN2#29htmlN2#29sewhow.htmN32#/4N323+1 IASustainable Wastewater TreatmentAA: 2erlin Dni(ersit' of Technolo!' Department of Chemical ?n!ineerin!: Matthias ;raume. 5ene :ildemeister

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0cap: D. 72/11: 0u!ust 1*;. 6ecture 13 $ t'pes and characteri=ation of waste water XWeb lo! postY. .etrie(ed from http@ www.slideshare.net dannadannadanna lecture$13$t'pes$and$ characteri=ation$of$waste$water 0pplied CleanTech 7n.d.;. The Slud!e "roblem. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1: 2/13: from http@ www.appliedcleantech.com inde<.phpBdirSsiteGpa!eScontentGcsS3/44 0udubon Center at Debs "ar4 6os 0n!eles: California 72/12: December. Sustainability Ad&antages. .etrie(ed from http@ www.orenco.com s'stems sustainable.cfm *<%A5WA)%5S: Wastewater management and sustainability. .etrie(ed from https@ n'wea.or! clearwaters pre/2fall 313/2/.html C)TS2 ,ala'sia 72/13;. Indah Water Home. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1: 2/13: from http@ www.iw4.com.m' 3enuine "ro!ress Inde<E Case Stud'@ The Costs and 2enefits of Sewa!e Treatment and Source Control for Halifa< HarbourE Sara 8ustine WilsonE Ful' 2/// Common wastewater problems. 72/11;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 3: 2/13: from http@ www.bioamp.co.u4 water$problems$solutions Common Wastewater Treatment "roblems 0re Discussed and Sol(ed Here. 7n.d.;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1: 2/13: from http@ www.teama5uafi<.com solutions Concerns 0bout Wastewater Treatment Sites. 7n.d.;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1: 2/13: from http@ www.wastewatermadeclear.ca what concerns.htm D%*%=)5A<+>%D WAS)%WA)%5 )5%A)M%=) *A= ,% :5%%= A=D S?S)A+=A,<% (n4d4)4 5etrie&ed rom http@ water.epa.!o( infrastructure septic upload ,-D$3reen$"aper$/*1&12$ (2.pdf 9ood and 0!riculture -r!ani=ation of the Dnited )ations 71++2;. Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1%: 2/13: fromhttp@ www.fao.or! docrep t/##1e t/##1e/#.htm :oals o Wastewater )reatment. *5D4 5etrie&ed rom htt6:77www4wastewatermadeclear4ca7inthecrd7goals4htm Indah Water 1onsortium 72/13;. +ndah Water Sewage )reatment Methods. .etrie(ed from http@ www.iw4.com.m' ( 4nowled!e$arena sewa!e$treatment$methods +ntroduction to Wastewater )reatment !rocesses $ World ,ank - Water. .etrie(ed from 4#-5e te6t7 &age '

http@ water.worldban4.or! shw$resource$!uide infrastructure menu$technical$ options wastewater$treatment Fhansi: S. C.: G ,ishra: S. 1. 72/13;. Wastewater Treatment and .euse@ Sustainabilit' -ptions. *onsilience: )he 8ournal o Sustainable De&elo6ment : #071;: 1$1#. .etrie(ed from http@ www.consilienceLournal.or! inde<.php consilience article (iew9ile 3/* 1#+ )atural .esources ,ana!ement and ?n(ironment Department 7n.d.;. Wastewater treatment. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1: 2/13: from http@ www.fao.or! docrep t/##1e t/##1e/#.htm On-site Single Domestic Wastewater Management. .etrie(ed from http@ www.health.nsw.!o(.au en(ironment domesticwastewater "a!es default.asp< o<idation pond Xdia!ramY. 72/13;. .etrie(ed from http@ o<idation ponds Xdia!ramY. 72/13;. .etrie(ed from http@ www.iw4.com.m' ( 4nowled!e$arena sewa!e$treatment$obLecti(es !art ": Management. (unding And Selection o Wastewater O6tions $ Ministry or the %n&ironment. .etrie(ed from http@ www.mfe.!o(t.n= publications waste wastewater$ m!mtLun/3 html part4.html !reliminary )reatment. .etrie(ed from http@ water.me.(ccs.edu courses ?)C14+ preliminar'.htm Secondary Wastewater )reatment. .etrie(ed from http@ www.water.siemens.com ?) 0""6IC0TI-)S W0ST?W0T?.UT.?0T,?)T S?C-)D 0.O$T.?0T,?)T "a!es default.asp< Sewa!e $ Definition and ,ore from the 9ree ,erriam$Webster Dictionar'. 72/13;. InDictionary and )hesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. .etrie(ed -ctober 31: 2/13: from http@ www.merriam$webster.com dictionar' sewa!e Simpl' Science@ Wh' 0re Wastewater Treatment "lants So ImportantB 72/11: Fune 1#;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1%: 2/13: from http@ simpl'$science$nbep.blo!spot.com 2/11 /% wh'$are$ wastewater$treatment$plants$so.html )ertiary Wastewater )reatment. .etrie(ed from http@ www.water.siemens.com ?) 0""6IC0TI-)S W0ST?W0T?.UT.?0T,?)T T?.TI0. OUT.?0T,?)T "a!es default.asp< The Importance -f ,aintainin! Wastewater Hualit'. 7n.d.;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1%: 2/13: from http@ www.wateronline.com doc the$importance$of$maintainin!$wastewater$5ual$///1 Dnited States ?n(ironmental "rotection 0!enc' 72/11;. O&er&iew o =atural Systems or Wastewater )reatment. .etrie(ed fromhttp@ www.epa.!o( osp presentations "h'toW2C11 phU6udlow.pdf 4#-5e te6t7 &age 40

Wastewater $ Definition and ,ore from the 9ree ,erriam$Webster Dictionar'. 72/13;. In Dictionar' and Thesaurus $ ,erriam$Webster -nline. .etrie(ed from http@ www.merriam$ webster.com dictionar' wastewaterBshowS/GtS13*4%1&4&/ Wastewater treatment @ AAaba Water. 7n.d.;. .etrie(ed from http@ a5abawater.com Wastewater )reatment Odor *ontrol $ Manage +ndustrial Smell. .etrie(ed from http@ www.odormana!ement.com mar4ets wastewater.php Wastewater )reatment !rocess. .etrie(ed from http@ www.cleanwaterser(ices.or! 0boutDs Wastewater0ndStormwater Treatment"rocess.as p< Wastewater. 7n.d.;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1/: 2/13: from http@ water.me.(ccs.edu courses ?)C14+ wastewater.htm Wastewater$Treatment 9acilit' Safet' 3uidelines $ Huic4 Tips W2*4 $ 3rain!er Industrial Suppl'. 7n.d.;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 3: 2/13: from http@ www.!rain!er.com content 5t$wastewater$ treatment$facilit'$safet'$!uidelines$2*4 Water Dse@ Wastewater treatment. 72/13: Fanuar' 1/;. .etrie(ed )o(ember 1%: 2/13: from http@ !a.water.us!s.!o( edu wuww.html

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