Mass and Balance Questions

MASS AND BALANCE
INTRODUCTION TO MASS AND BALANCE Mass Limitations

1. The stalling speed of an aeroplane will be highest when it is loaded with a: A high gross mass and aft centre of gravity B low gross mass and forward centre of gravity C low gross mass and aft centre of gravity D high gross mass and forward centre of gravity Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. or a conventional, nose tricycle gear aircraft config!ration, the higher the ta"e# off mass: $% '% (% *% &anoe!vrability is red!ced Range will decrease b!t end!rance will increase )liding range will red!ce +tatement * only is correct
A All statements are correct B +tatement ( only is correct C +tatements $ and * are correct D +tatement * is correct Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C 3. ,hen considering the effects of increased mass on an aeroplane, which of the following is tr!eA light end!rance will be increased B +talling speeds will be lower C )radient of climb for a given power setting will be higher D +talling speeds will be higher Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
4.
If an aeroplane is at a higher mass than anticipated, for a given airspeed the angle of attac" will: A remain constant, drag will decrease and end!rance will decrease B be decreased, drag will decrease and end!rance will increase C be greater, drag will increase and end!rance will decrease D remain constant, drag will increase and end!rance will increase Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
5.
!el loaded onto an aeroplane is $.,*// "g b!t is erroneo!sly entered into the load and trim sheet as $*,.// "g% This error is not detected by the flight crew b!t they will notice that: A 0$ will be reached sooner than e1pected B speed at !n#stic" will be higher than e1pected C 0$ will be increased D the aeroplane will rotate m!ch earlier than e1pected Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
6.
In order to provide an ade2!ate B3 4T B536DAR7 at the commencement of the cr!ise a speed of $%( 0s is !sed% At a mass of $'/,/// "g this is a CA+ of $8/ "nots% If the mass of the aeroplane is increased to $(.,/// "g the val!e of $%(0s will be: A increased to '/' "nots b!t since the same angle of attac" is !sed, drag and range will remain the same B !naffected as 0s always occ!rs at the same angle of attac" C increased to $9$ "nots, drag will decrease and air distance per "g of f!el will increase D increased to $9$ "nots drag will increase and air distance per "g of f!el will decrease Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
7.
At ma1im!m certificated ta"e#off mass an aeroplane departs from an airfield which is not limiting for either ta"e#off or landing masses% D!ring initial climb the n!mber one engine s!ffers a contained disintegration% An emergency is declared and the aeroplane ret!rns to depart!re airfield for an immediate landing% The most li"ely res!lt of this action will be: A a landing short res!ltant from the increased angle of approach d!e to the very high aeroplane mass B a high threshold speed and possible !ndercarriage or other str!ct!ral fail!re C a high threshold speed and a shorter stop distance D a landing f!rther along the r!nway than normal Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
8.
D!ring a violent avoidance manoe!vre, a light twin aircraft, certified to AR '( re2!irements was s!b:ected to an instantaneo!s load factor of *%'% The light man!al specifies that the aircraft is certified in the normal category for a load factor of #$%9 to ;(%8% Considering the certification re2!irements and ta"ing into acco!nt that the man!fact!rer of the twin did not incl!de, d!ring its conception, a s!pplementary margin in the flight envelope, it might be possible to observe: A r!pt!re of one or more str!ct!ral components B a permanent deformation of the str!ct!re C an elastic deformation whilst the load was applied, b!t no permanent distortion D no distortion, permanent or temporary of the str!ct!re Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
If an e1tra load is loaded into an aircraft the stall speed is li"ely to: A +tay the same B Decrease C Increase D Change depending on whether the load was placed ,D or A T of the C of ) Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1!.
5verloading has the following effects on performance: A Increased ta"e off and landing distance, red!ced rate of climb and increased f!el cons!mption B Increased ta"e off and landing distance, increased rate of climb and increased f!el cons!mption C Red!ced ta"e off and landing distance, increased 064 and increased f!el cons!mption D Red!ced ta"e off and landing distance, increased 064 and red!ced rate of climb Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
11.
5ver#loading wo!ld res!lt in: A a decrease in stalling speed B a decrease in f!el cons!mption C an increase in range D a red!ction of aircraft performance Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!1"!2 C# $imitations
1. ,hich of the following statements is correctA The station ?+TA@ is always the location of the centre of gravity in relation to a referenced point, normally the leading edge of the wing at &AC B A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane C The centre of gravity is given in percent of &AC calc!lated from the leading edge of the wing, where &AC always A the wing chord halfway between the centre line of the f!selage and the wing tip D if the act!al centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit the aeroplane longit!dinal stability increases Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 2. D!ring ta"e#off yo! notice that, for a given elevator inp!t, the aeroplane rotates m!ch more rapidly than e1pected% This is an indication that: A the aeroplane is overloaded B the centre of gravity may be towards the aft limit C the centre of gravity is too far forward D the centre of press!re is aft of the centre of gravity Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. If the aeroplane is ne!trally stable this wo!ld s!ggest that: A the C) is forward B the C) is in mid range C the C) is on the rear limit D the C) is behind the rear limit Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
4.
An aeroplane is loaded with its centre of gravity towards the rear limit% This will res!lt in: A an increased ris" of stalling d!e to a decrease in tail#plane moment B a red!ced f!el cons!mption as a res!lt of red!ced drag C an increase in longit!dinal stability D a red!ction in power re2!ired for a given speed Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
5.
If the centre of gravity of an aeroplane moves forward d!ring flight the elevator control will: A become heavier ma"ing the aeroplane more diffic!lt to manoe!vre in pitch B become lighter ma"ing the aeroplane more diffic!lt to manoe!vre in pitch C become heavier ma"ing the aeroplane more easy to manoe!vre in pitch D become lighter ma"ing the aeroplane more easy to manoe!vre in pitch Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
6.
An aeroplane is said to be 643TRA>>7 +TAB>4% This is li"ely to: A be ca!sed by a centre of gravity which is towards the forward limit B be ca!sed by a centre of gravity which is towards the rearward limit C be totally !nrelated to the position of the centre of gravity D ca!se the centre of gravity to move forwards Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
7.
The mass displacement ca!sed by landing gear e1tension: A does not create a longit!dinal moment B creates a pitch#!p longit!dinal moment C creates a longit!dinal moment in the direction ?pitch#!p or pitch#down@ determined by the type of landing gear D creates a pitch#down longit!dinal moment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
8.
,hat determines the longit!dinal stability of an aeroplaneA The dihedral, angle of sweepbac" and the "eel effect B The effectiveness of the horiBontal stabiliser< r!dder and r!dder trim tab C The relationship of thr!st and lift to weight and drag D The location of the centre of gravity with respect to the ne!tral point Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
If the centre of gravity is near the forward limit the aeroplane will: A benefit from red!ced drag d!e to the decrease in angle of attac" B re2!ire elevator trim which will res!lt in an increase in f!el cons!mption C re2!ire less power for a given airspeed D tend to over rotate d!ring ta"e#off Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1!.
,hich of the following statements is correctA If the act!al centre of gravity is close to the forward limit of the centre of gravity the aeroplane may be !nstable, ma"ing it necessary to increase elevator forces B If the act!al centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit of centre of gravity it is possible that the aeroplane will be !nstable, ma"ing it necessary to increase elevator forces C A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane D The lowest stalling speed is obtained if the act!al centre of gravity is located in the middle between the aft and forward limit of centre of gravity Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
11.
,hich of the following is most li"ely to affect the range of centre of gravity positions on an aeroplaneA The need to minimise drag forces and so improve efficiency B >ocation of the !ndercarriage C The need to maintain a low val!e of stalling speed D 4levator and tail#plane ?horiBontal stabiliser@ effectiveness in all flight conditions Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
12.
,hen the centre of gravity is at the forward limit, an aeroplane will be: A e1tremely stable and will re2!ire e1cessive elevator control to change pitch B e1tremely stable and re2!ire small elevator control to change pitch C e1tremely !nstable and re2!ire e1cessive elevator control to change pitch D e1tremely !nstable and re2!ire small elevator control to change pitch Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
13.
Ass!ming gross mass, altit!de and airspeed remain !nchanged, movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will ca!se: A increased cr!ise range B higher stall speed C lower optim!m cr!ising speed D red!ced ma1im!m cr!ise range Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
14.
An aeroplane, which is sched!led to fly an oceanic sector, is d!e to depart from a high altit!de airport in the tropics at $*// local time% The airport has an e1ceptionally long r!nway% ,hich of the following is most li"ely to be the limiting factor?s@ in determining the ta"e#off massA ma1im!m certificated ta"e#off mass B ma1im!m Bero f!el mass C altit!de and temperat!re of the depart!re airfield D en ro!te obstacle clearance re2!irements Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
15.
,ith the centre of gravity on the forward limit which of the following is to be e1pectedA A decrease of the stalling speed B A decrease in the landing speed C A decrease in range D A tendency to yaw to the right on ta"e#off Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
16.
In cr!ise flight, an aft centre of gravity location will: A decrease longit!dinal static stability B increase longit!dinal static stability C does not infl!ence longit!dinal static stability D not change the static c!rve of stability into longit!dinal Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
17.
A forward C of ) wo!ld res!lt in: A A red!ced rate of climb B A decrease in cr!ise range C A decrease in both rate of climb and cr!ise range D An increase in both rate of climb and cr!ise range Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
18.
,ho establishes the limits of C of )A The CAA B The CAA C The man!fact!rer D The ins!rers Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1 .
,hat effect does the C) on the aft limit have on the f!el cons!mption of an aeroplaneA Increases B Decreases C 6o effect D &arginal increase Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2!.
,hich combination of weight and C) position will prod!ce the highest stalling speedA =eavy weight and aft C) B =eavy weight and forward C) C >ow weight and aft C) D >ow weight and forward C) Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
21.
If the C) is aft of the ne!tral point it res!lts in: A increased stability with increased elevator trim B Decreased stability with decreased elevator trim C 6e!tral stability D >ongit!dinal instability Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
22.
An aeroplane is said to be 643TRA>>7 +TAB>4% This is li"ely to: A Be ca!sed by the C) towards the forward limit B Be ca!sed by the C) at the aerodynamic centre of the aircraft C Be totally !nrelated to the position of the C) D Ca!se the C) to move forward Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
23.
The effect of operating an aeroplane with a C) too far forward is to e1perience: A Inability or diffic!lty in trimming when flaps are retracted B >ower stic" forces per ) loading C Inability or diffic!lty in flaring on to!ch down, res!lting in nosewheel landing first D >ower stalling speed Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
24.
The handling and performance problems enco!ntered with a C) too far aft incl!de: A Improvement in nose wheel steering B =igher stic" forces per ) loading with no ris" of over#stressing the airframe in manoe!vres C Diffic!lty or inability to recover from a spin D 6o li"elihood of a nose !p overbalance ?on a bicycle gear aircraft@ on the gro!nd res!lting in tail damage Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
25.
+elect the correct statement for the C) safe range: A The safe range falls between the front and rear C) limits b!t does not incl!de them B The safe range falls between the front and rear C) limits b!t only incl!des the forward limit C The safe range falls between the front and rear C) limits b!t only incl!des the aft limit D The safe range falls between the front and rear C) limits and incl!des both limits Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
26.
In cr!ise, an e1treme aft longit!dinal centre of gravity: A moves away the cyclic stic" from its forward stop and increases the stress in the rotor head B brings the cyclic stic" closer to its forward stop and decreases the stress in the rotor head C moves away the cyclic stic" from its forward stop and decreases the stresses in the head rotors D brings the cyclic stic" closer to its forward stop and increases the stress in the rotor head Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
27.
A helicopter in the hover that re2!ires an e1cessive amo!nt of aft and right cyclic may indicate the centre of gravity is too far: A orward and laterally too far to the left B Aft and laterally too far to the left C Aft and laterally too far to the right D orward and laterally too far to the right Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
28.
A helicopter in the hover that re2!ires an e1cessive amo!nt of forward and right cyclic may indicate the centre of gravity is too far: A forward and laterally too far to the left B forward and laterally too far to the right C aft and laterally too far to the left D aft and laterally too far to the right Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
2 .
A helicopter with its f!el tan"s located aft of the centre of gravity is more prone to: A e1ceed its aft centre of gravity limits when landing with little f!el B e1ceed its forward centre of gravity limits when ta"ing off with f!ll f!el C e1ceed its aft centre of gravity limits when ta"ing off with its f!el tan"s less than half f!ll D e1ceed its forward centre of gravity limits when landing with little f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
3!.
41ceeding the forward centre of gravity limit will res!lt in: A The helicopter being nose heavy and the pilot may r!n o!t of aft cyclic B The helicopter being nose heavy and the pilot may r!n o!t of forward cyclic C The helicopter being tail heavy and the pilot may r!n o!t of forward cyclic D The helicopter being tail heavy and the pilot may r!n o!t of aft cyclic Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
31.
or a given config!ration, the stall speed of an aeroplane will be highest when loaded: A to a low total mass with the most forward C) B to a low total mass with the most aft C) C to the ma1im!m allowable mass with the most aft C) D to the ma1im!m allowable mass with the most forward C) Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
32.
,ho determines the allowable centre#of#gravity range for a helicopterA The licensed engineer carrying o!t weighing B The man!fact!rer of the helicopter C The national aviation a!thority D The pilot in command Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
33.
,hat effect has a centre of gravity close to the most forward limitA A red!ction in the specific f!el cons!mption B A decreased ind!ced drag C A better rate of climb capability D A red!ced rate of climb capability Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
34.
,hen m!st the centre of gravity be comp!tedA After every *// hrs inspection B Drior to every flight C At least every fo!r years D D!ring every yearly inspection Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
35.
The effect of an aircraft being tail heavy wo!ld be a: A decrease in range B tendency to pitch down d!ring final stage of landing C decreased stalling speed D tendency to roll right d!ring ta"e#off Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
36.
5ne effect on an aircraft that is nose#heavy is: A a tendency for the nose to pitch !p B an increase in range C a decrease in stability D an increase in drag, d!e to e1cessive elevator trim Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
37.
,ith the centre of gravity o!tside the forward limit: A longit!dinal stability wo!ld be red!ced and stic" forces in pitch increased B longit!dinal stability wo!ld be red!ced and stic" forces in pitch red!ced C longit!dinal stability wo!ld be increased and stic" force in pitch red!ced D longit!dinal stability wo!ld be increased and stic" forces in pitch increased Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
38.
!el cons!mption brings the C) forward in flight% The effect of this is to: A increase stability which means greater control forces in pitch B decrease stability which means greater control forces in pitch C increase stability which means lower control forces in pitch D decrease stability which means lower control forces in pitch Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
3 .
,hat is the effect of moving the centre of gravity from the forward limit to the aft limitA increases stability B increases f!el cons!mption C increased range D increases stalling speed Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
4!.
If d!ring flight a considerable amo!nt of f!el was transferred from the f!selage forward f!el tan" to the f!selage rear tan", what effect wo!ld this have on the aircraftA increase range and stall speed B increase range and decrease stall speed C increase stability and decrease trim drag D increase stability and trim drag Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
41.
If the f!el load of a large aircraft was given in litres, b!t was entered on the load sheet in "ilograms, how wo!ld this affect the e1pected handling of the aircraftA the stic" force re2!ired on rotation will be lighter B the stic" force re2!ired on rotation will be heavier C the stic" force re2!ired wo!ld be the same in both cases D the stic" force re2!ired wo!ld be the same in both cases b!t the rate of climb will be less Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
!31"!2
LOADIN# !31"!2"!1 T%&mino$o'(
1.
Define the !sef!l load% A Traffic load pl!s dry operating mass B Traffic load pl!s !sable f!el mass C Dry operating mass pl!s !sable f!el load D The part of the traffic load which generates reven!e Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2.
The !sef!l load is: A T5& f!el mass B B4& pl!s f!el load C T5& min!s the D5& D T5& min!s the operating mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
3.
In mass and balance terms, what is an inde1A A c!t down version of a force B A moment divided by a constant C A moment divided by a mass D A mass divided by a moment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
4.
The distance from the dat!m to the C) is: A the inde1 B the moment C the balance arm D the station Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
5. is:
The ma1im!m mass to which an aeroplane may be loaded, prior to engine start, A ma1im!m certificated ta1i ?ramp@ mass B ma1im!m reg!lated ta1i ?ramp@ mass C ma1im!m certificated ta"e#off mass D ma1im!m reg!lated ta"e#off mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
6.
,hat is the Bero f!el massA &T5& min!s f!el to destination min!s f!el to alternative airfield B &a1im!m allowable mass of the aircraft with no !sable f!el on board C 5perating mass min!s the f!el load D Act!al loaded mass of the aircraft with no !sable f!el on board Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
7.
By adding to the basic empty mass the following fi1ed necessary e2!ipment for a specific flight ?catering, safety and resc!e e2!ipment, fly away "it, crew@, we get: A Bero f!el mass B ta"e#off mass C Dry operating mass D landing mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
8.
or the p!rpose of completing the &ass and Balance doc!mentation, theTraffic >oad is considered to be e2!al to the Ta"e#off &ass: A less the 5perating &ass B pl!s the 5perating &ass C pl!s the Trip !el &ass D less the Trip !el &ass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
,ith respect to aeroplane loading in the planning phase, which of the following statements is always correct>& A >anding &ass T5& A Ta"e#off &ass &T5& A &a1im!m Ta"e#off &ass E & A Eero !el &ass &E & A &a1im!m Eero !el &ass D5& A Dry 5perating &ass A >& A T5& Trip !el B &T5& A E & ; ma1im!m possible f!el mass C &E & A Traffic load ; D5& D Reserve !el A T5& Trip !el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1!.
In relation to an aeroplane the Dry 5perating &ass is the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation b!t e1cl!ding: A potable water and lavatory chemicals B !sable f!el and crew C !sable f!el and traffic load D !sable f!el, potable water and lavatory chemicals Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
11.
The ma1im!m Bero#f!el mass: $% '% (% *% .% F% is a reg!latory limitation is calc!lated for a ma1im!m load factor of ;(%.g is d!e to the ma1im!m permissible bending moment at the wing root imposes f!el d!mping from the o!ter wings tan" first imposes f!el d!mping from the inner wings tan" first can be increased by stiffening the wing
The combination of correct statements is: A ', ., F B $, (, . C *, ', F D $, ', ( Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
12.
Dry 5perating &ass is the mass of the aeroplane less: A !sable f!el and traffic load B !sable f!el C traffic load, potable water and lavatory chemicals D !sable f!el, potable water and lavatory chemicals Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
13.
The Bero f!el mass of an aeroplane is always: A The ta"e#off mass min!s the f!selage f!el mass B The ta"e#off mass min!s the wing f!el mass C The ta"e#off mass min!s the ta"e#off f!el mass D The ma1im!m ta"e#off mass min!s the ta"e#off f!el mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
14.
The act!al Eero !el &ass is e2!al to the: A Basic 4mpty &ass pl!s the f!el loaded B 5perating &ass pl!s all the traffic load C Dry 5perating mass pl!s the traffic load D Act!al >anding &ass pl!s trip f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
15.
,hich of the following alternatives corresponds to Bero f!el massA 5perating mass pl!s load of passengers and cargo B The mass of an aeroplane with no !sable f!el C 5perating mass pl!s passengers and cargo D Ta"e#off mass min!s f!el to destination and alternate Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
16.
or the p!rpose of completing the &ass and Balance doc!mentation, the Dry 5perating &ass is defined as: A The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation e1cl!ding all !sable f!el and traffic load B The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation e1cl!ding all !sable f!el C The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation e1cl!ding all traffic load D The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation e1cl!ding crew and crew baggage Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
17.
At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters in partic!lar are available for determining the mass of the aircraft: $% Dry operating mass '% 5perating mass ,hich statement is correctA The dry operating mass incl!des fi1ed e2!ipment needed to carry o!t a specific flight B The operating mass is the mass of the aeroplane witho!t ta"e#off f!el C The dry operating mass incl!des ta"e#off f!el D The operating mass incl!des the traffic load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
18.
The Dry 5perating &ass of an aeroplane incl!des: A !el and passengers baggage and cargo B 3n!sable f!el and reserve f!el C Crew and crew baggage, catering, removable passenger service e2!ipment, potable water and lavatory chemicals D Dassengers baggage and cargo Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1 .
The total mass of the aeroplane incl!ding crew, crew baggage< pl!s catering and removable passenger e2!ipment< pl!s potable water and lavatory chemicals b!t e1cl!ding !sable f!el and traffic load, is referred to as: A &a1im!m Eero !el &ass B Eero !el &ass C Aeroplane Drepared for +ervice ?AD+@ &ass D Dry 5perating &ass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
2!.
Allowed traffic load is the difference between: A operating mass and basic means B allowed ta"e off mass and basic mass pl!s trip f!el C allowed ta"e off mass and basic mass D allowed ta"e off mass and operating mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
21.
The &a1im!m Eero !el &ass is a str!ct!ral limiting mass% It is made !p of the aeroplane Dry 5perational &ass pl!s: A traffic load and !n!sable f!el B traffic load, !n!sable f!el and crew standard mass C !n!sable and crew standard mass D traffic load and crew standard mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
22.
The Eero !el &ass and the Dry 5perating &ass: A differ by the s!m of the mass of !sable f!el pl!s traffic load mass B are the same val!e C differ by the val!e of the traffic load mass D differ by the mass of !sable f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
23.
The term 3+4 3> >5AD as applied to an aeroplane incl!des: A traffic load only B traffic load pl!s !sable f!el C the reven!e#earning portion of traffic load only D the reven!e#earning portion of traffic load pl!s !sable f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
24.
or the p!rpose of completing the &ass and Balance doc!mentation, the 5perating &ass is considered to be Dry 5perating &ass pl!s: A Ramp !el &ass less the f!el for AD3 and r!n#!p B Ramp !el &ass C Trip !el &ass D Ta"e#off !el &ass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
25.
Traffic load is the: A Eero !el &ass min!s Dry 5perating &ass B Dry 5perating &ass min!s the disposable load C Dry 5perating &ass min!s the variable load D Ta"e#off &ass min!s Eero !el &ass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
26.
,hile ma"ing mass and balance calc!lation for a partic!lar aeroplane, the term G4mpty &assH applies to the s!m of airframe, engine?s@, fi1ed ballast pl!s: A all the cons!mable f!el and oil, b!t not incl!ding any radio or navigation e2!ipment installed by man!fact!rer B all the oil, f!el, and hydra!lic fl!id b!t not incl!ding crew and traffic load C !n!sable f!el and f!ll operating fl!ids D The ma1im!m mass for some aeroplanes incl!ding the f!el load and the traffic load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
27.
The term &a1im!m Eero !el &ass consists of: A The ma1im!m mass a!thorised for a certain aeroplane not incl!ding the f!el load and operations items B The ma1im!m mass a!thorised for a certain aeroplane not incl!ding traffic load and f!el load C The ma1im!m permissible mass of an aeroplane with no !sable f!el D The ma1im!m mass for some aeroplanes incl!ding the f!el load and the traffic load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
28.
In mass and balance calc!lations the Ginde1H is: A a location in the aeroplane identified by a n!mber B the moment divided by a constant C an imaginary vertical plane or line from which all meas!rements are ta"en D the range of moments the centre of gravity ?cg@ can have witho!t ma"ing the aeroplane !nsafe to fly Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2 .
In calc!lations with respect to the position of the centre of gravity a reference is made to a dat!m% The dat!m is: A calc!lated from the data derived from the weighing proced!re carried o!t on the aeroplane after any ma:or modification B calc!lated from the loading manifest C an arbitrary reference chosen by the pilot which can be located anywhere on the aeroplane D a reference plane which is chosen by the aeroplane man!fact!rer% Its position is given in the aeroplane light or >oading &an!al Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
3!.
In mass and balance calc!lations which of the following describes the dat!mA It is the most aft position of the centre of gravity B It is the most forward position of the centre of gravity C It is the point on the aeroplane designated by the man!fact!rers from which all centre of gravity meas!rements and calc!lations are made D It is the distance from the centre of gravity to the point thro!gh which the weight of the component acts Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl
31. 32.
Ans: C The dat!m is a reference from which all moment ?balance@ arms are meas!red% Its precise position is given in the control and loading man!al and it is located: A at or near the focal point of the aeroplane a1is system B at or near the forward limit of the centre of gravity C at a convenient point which may not physically be on the aeroplane D at or near the nat!ral balance point of the empty aeroplane Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
33.
,ith reference to mass and balance calc!lations ?on an aeroplane@ a dat!m point is !sed% This dat!m point is: A a point near the centre of the aeroplane% It moves longit!dinally as masses are added forward and aft of its location B the point thro!gh which the s!m of the mass val!es ?of the aeroplane and its contents@ is ass!med to act vertically C a fi1ed point from which all balance arms are meas!red% It may be located anywhere on the aeroplaneIs longit!dinal a1is or on the e1tensions to that a1is D a point from which all balance arms are meas!red% The location of this point varies with the distrib!tion of loads on the aeroplane Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
34.
,hich is tr!e of the aeroplane empty massA it is dry operating mass min!s f!el load B It is a component of dry operating mass C It is dry operating mass min!s traffic load D it is the act!al ta"e#off mass, less traffic load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
35.
The act!al GTa"e#5ff &assH is e2!ivalent to: A Act!al Eero !el &ass pl!s the traffic load B Dry 5perating &ass pl!s ta"e#off f!el and the traffic load C Dry 5perating &ass pl!s the ta"e#off f!el D Act!al >anding &ass pl!s the ta"e#off f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
36.
The Traffic >oad is defined as: A The total mass of flight crew, passengers, baggage, cargo and !sable f!el B The total mass of crew and passengers e1cl!ding any baggage or cargo C The total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, incl!ding any non# reven!e load D The total mass of passengers, baggage, cargo and !sable f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
37.
The &a1im!m Eero !el ,eight of an aircraft is: A the ma1im!m permissible ta"e#off mass of the aircraft B # the ma1im!m permissible mass of an aircraft with no !sable f!el C the ma1im!m permissible mass of an aircraft with Bero payload D the ma1im!m permissible landing mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
38.
,ith regard to the ma1im!m Eero# !el ,eight ?&E ,@% A It is the ma1im!m weight that an aircraft can be loaded to witho!t !sable f!el B It is lower that the &a1im!m Ta"e#5ff ,eight by the weight of a payload C Is more relevant to aircraft with f!selage f!el tan"s D Is important as e1ceeding the &E , may mean that there is ins!fficient lift to get the aircraft airborne Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
3 .
,hen establishing the mass brea"down of an aeroplane, the empty mass is defined as the s!m of the: A basic mass pl!s variable e2!ipment mass B basic mass, pl!s special e2!ipment mass C standard empty mass pl!s specific e2!ipment mass pl!s trapped fl!ids pl!s !n!sable f!el mass D empty mass dry pl!s variable e2!ipment mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
4!.
,hat is the Bero f!el massA The ma1im!m permissible mass of an aeroplane with no !sable f!el mass B The mass of the aircraft at the start of the ta1i @at depart!re from the loading gate@ C D5& pl!s traffic load b!t e1cl!ding f!el D the mass of an aeroplane pl!s standard items s!ch as: !n!sable f!el and li2!ids< l!bricating oil in engine and other a!1iliary !nits< fire e1ting!ishers< pyrotechnics< emergency o1ygen e2!ipment< s!pplementary e2!ipment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
41.
Ta"e#off mass is described as: A The ta"e#off mass s!b:ect to depart!re airfield limitations B The mass of an aeroplane incl!ding everything and everyone contained within it at the start of the ta"e#off r!n C D5& f!el b!t witho!t traffic load D The lowest of performance limited and str!ct!ral limited T%5%& Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
42.
Balance Arm ?BA@ is: A The distance from the centre of press!re to the centre of a mass B The point on which a lever is s!pported, balanced, or abo!t which it t!rns C The distance from the dat!m to the centre of gravity of a mass D The distance from the centre of gravity to the centre of a mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
43.
The chemical fl!ids !sed to charge the aircraft toilets are co!nted as: A part of the basic empty mass B part of the dry operating mass C part of the payload D part of the !nder load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
44.
The difference between the Traffic >oad and the 3sef!l >oad is: A 6on#reven!e load B Total mass of passengers and baggage C reight or cargo load D 3sable f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
45.
The aircraft dat!m is a ?i@ reference point that is defined on or relative to the aircraft abo!t which the ?ii@ of any load locations are "nown A ?i@ movable ?ii@ moments B ?i@ variable ?ii@ moments C ?i@ fi1ed ?ii@ arms D ?i@ forward ?ii@ arms Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
46.
The Arm is the ?i@ distance of a load as meas!red from the aircraft ?ii@ A ?i@ vertical ?ii@ aft limit B ?i@ horiBontal ?ii@ dat!m C ?i@ lateral ?ii@ dat!m D ?i@ horiBontal ?ii@ forward limit Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
47.
The chemical fl!ids !sed to charge the aircraft toilets are co!nted asA part of the basic empty mass B part of the variable load C part of the payload D part of the !nder load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
48.
The 5perating &ass e2!als: A the ta"e#off mass min!s the traffic load B the landing mass min!s the traffic load C the ma1im!m Bero f!el mass less the traffic load D the ta"e#off mass min!s the basic empty mass and crew mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
4 .
The Basic 4mpty &ass of a helicopter is the mass of the helicopter witho!t crew J: A witho!t specific e2!ipments for the mission, witho!t payload, with f!el on board B witho!t specific e2!ipment for the mission, witho!t payload, with the !n!sable f!el and standard e2!ipment C witho!t payload, with specific e2!ipment for the mission, witho!t the !n!sable f!el D witho!t specific e2!ipment for the mission, witho!t payload, witho!t !n!sable f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
5!.
The Dry 5perating &ass of a helicopter is the total mass of a helicopter: A incl!ding the crew, the f!el and the specific e2!ipments for the mission b!t e1cl!ding payload B incl!ding the crew, the !sable f!el and the specific e2!ipments for the mission and payload C ready for a specific operation incl!ding the crew and traffic load, not incl!ding the !sable f!el D e1cl!ding the crew b!t incl!ding specific e2!ipments for the mission and not incl!ding the !sable f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
51.
In centre of gravity calc!lations the moment arm is: A The vertical distance from the dat!m to the centre of gravity of the helicopter or of an items placed in the helicopter B The horiBontal distance between the f!lly loaded helicopterIs centre of gravity and the centre of gravity of an individ!al item in the helicopter C The vertical distance between the f!lly loaded helicopterIs centre of gravity and the centre of gravity of an individ!al item in the helicopter D The horiBontal distance from the dat!m to the centre of gravity of the helicopter, or to an item placed in the helicopter Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
52.
In mass and balance calc!lations the Ginde1H is: A an imaginary vertical plane or line from which all meas!rements are ta"en B the range of moments the centre of gravity ?cg@ can have witho!t ma"ing the aeroplane !nsafe to fly C is a fig!re witho!t !nit of meas!rement which represents a moment D a location is the aeroplane identified by a n!mber Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
53.
The Dry 5perating &ass of a helicopter: A incl!des f!el and passengers baggage and cargo B incl!des passengers and cargo C is the total mass of the helicopter ready for a specific type of operation D incl!des !n!sable f!el and reserve f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
54.
The Dry 5perating &ass of a helicopter is the s!m of the following: A Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; traffic load B Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; operating items C Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; !sable f!el D Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; traffic load ; !sable f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
55.
The Dry 5perating &ass of a helicopter is the s!m of the following: A Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; traffic load ; ta1i f!el B Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; ta1i f!el C Basic 4mpty &ass ; crew ; traffic load D Basic 4mpty mass A crew ; operating items Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
56.
The mass of an item m!ltiplied by its distance from the dat!m is itIs: A &oment B Centre of gravity C &oment arm D orce Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
57.
The ma1im!m mass to which a helicopter may be loaded, prior to engine start, is: A ma1im!m str!ct!ral ta1i mass B ma1im!m reg!lated ta1i mass C ma1im!m str!ct!ral ta"e#off mass D ma1im!m reg!lated ta"e#off mass Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
58.
The &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral Ta"e#5ff &ass is: A a limit which may not be e1ceeded for any ta"e#off B a ta"e#off limiting mass which is affected by the aerodrome altit!de and temperat!re C a ta"e#off limiting mass which is governed by the gradient of climb after reaching 0y D limited by the ta"e#off distance available% It is tab!lated in the flight man!al Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
5 .
The &a1im!m Eero !el &ass is: A a str!ct!ral limit listed in the light &an!al as a fi1ed val!e B governed by the C) limits C tab!lated in the light &an!al against arg!ments of airfield elevation and temperat!re D governed by the traffic load to be carried Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
6!.
The ma1im!m Bero#f!el mass: $% '% (% *% is a reg!latory limitation is calc!lated for a ma1im!m load factor of ;(%. g is based on the ma1im!m permissible bending moment at the wing root is defined on the ass!mption that f!el is cons!med from the o!ter wing tan"s first .% is defined on the ass!mption that f!el is cons!med from the inner wing tan"s first A $, ', ( B ', (, . C $, (, . D ', (, * Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
61.
The moment for an item is: A The mass of the item m!ltiplied by its distance from the dat!m B The mass of the item divided by its distance from the dat!m C The distance the item is from the dat!m divided by its mass D The s2!are of the distance the item is from the dat!m divided by its mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
62.
The reference abo!t which centre of gravity moments are ta"en is the: A Chord line B Centre of mass C Centre of press!re D Dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
63.
The term K!sef!l loadI as applied to a light aircraft incl!des: A the reven!e#earning portion of load only B the reven!e#earning portion of load pl!s !sable f!el C Dilot?s@, operating items, passengers, baggage, cargo and !sable f!el D traffic load and !sable f!el only Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
64.
The Traffic >oad is defined as: A The total mass of passengers and their baggage pl!s any cargo B The total mass of the helicopter prior to ta"e#off C The total mass of the helicopter prior to ta"e#off min!s !sable f!el D The total mass of flight crew, passengers and !sable f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
65.
,hile ma"ing mass and balance calc!lations for a partic!lar helicopter, the term GBasic 4mpty &assH applies to the s!m of airframe, engine?s@, fi1ed ballast pl!s: A all the oil and f!el B all the cons!mable f!el and oil, b!t not incl!ding any radio or navigation e2!ipment installed by the man!fact!rer C all the oil, f!el and hydra!lic fl!id b!t not incl!ding crew and traffic load D !n!sable f!el and f!ll operating fl!ids Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
66.
,hich of the following corresponds to Eero !el &assA 5perating mass pl!s l!ggage of passengers and cargo B 5perating mass pl!s passengers and cargo C The ta"e#off mass of an aircraft min!s all !sable f!el D Ta"e#off mass min!s f!el to destination and alternate Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
67.
The Eero !el &ass is the mass of the helicopter: A Incl!ding traffic load b!t e1cl!ding both !sable and !n!sable f!el B Incl!ding traffic load and !n!sable f!el b!t e1cl!ding !sable f!el C 41cl!ding both !sable and !n!sable f!el and also e1cl!ding traffic load D 41cl!ding !sable f!el and traffic load b!t incl!ding !n!sable f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
68.
The Eero !el &ass is the mass of the helicopter: A 41cl!ding !sable and !n!sable f!el B Incl!ding !n!sable and reserve f!el C ,hen weighed for iss!e or renewal of its weight sched!le and e1cl!des crew, traffic load, !sable and !n!sable f!el D 41cl!ding !sable f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
6 .
The Eero !el &ass of a helicopter is always: A the ta"e#off mass min!s the ta"e#off f!el mass B the ta"e#off mass min!s the e1tra f!el mass C the ta"e#off mass min!s the traffic load D the ma1im!m ta"e#off mass min!s the ta"e#off f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
7!.
To calc!late the allowable ta"e#off mass, the factors to be ta"en into acco!nt incl!de: A the s!m of the &a1im!m >anding &ass and the trip f!el B the s!m of the &a1im!m >anding &ass and the f!el on board at ta"e#off C the s!m of the &a1im!m Eero !el &ass and the trip f!el D the &a1im!m Ta"e#off &ass min!s the trip f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
71.
,hen establishing the mass brea"down of a helicopter, the Basic 4mpty &ass is defined as the s!m of the: A empty mass dry pl!s variable e2!ipment mass B basic mass pl!s variable e2!ipment mass C basic mass pl!s special e2!ipment mass D standard empty mass pl!s specific e2!ipment mass pl!s operating fl!ids pl!s !n!sable f!el mass Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
72.
0ariable load incl!des: A mass of all persons and items of load, incl!ding f!el and other cons!mable fl!ids B mass of all passengers, crew and their baggage, less f!el and cons!mable fl!ids C mass of crew, their baggage, pl!s removable !nits of e2!ipment D mass of passengers, crew and their baggage, pl!s removable e2!ipment and cons!mable f!el and fl!ids Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
73.
The tr!e Dry 5perating &ass is the: A basic empty mass pl!s disposable load B basic empty mass pl!s variable load C Bero f!el mass min!s variable load D all#!p#mass min!s f!el load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
74.
The ta"e#off f!el of an aircraft is: A the E & min!s the traffic load B D5& min!s variable load C T5& min!s E & D Traffic load pl!s ta"e#off f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
!31"!2"!2 Mass Limits

1. ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% rom the loading man!al for the transport aeroplane, the aft cargo compartment has a ma1im!m total load of: A $.F8 "g B 9'(' "g C *$8L "g D (/F' "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 2. ?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% Referring to the loading man!al for the transport aeroplane, the ma1im!m r!nning load for the aft section of the forward lower dec" cargo compartment is: A $(%$. "g per inch B $(%$' "g per inch C $*%F. "g per inch D L%$8 "g per inch Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% rom the >oading &an!al for the transport aeroplane, the ma1im!m load that can be carried in that section of the aft cargo compartment which has a balance arm centroid at: A *'$%. inches is '/.9 >bs B 8(.%. inches is FL.' "g C *'$%. inches is *.*$ "g D 8(.%. inches is (/F' "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
4.
Considering only str!ct!ral limitation, on long distance flights ?at the aeroplane ma1im!m range@, the traffic load is normally limited by: A The ma1im!m Bero f!el mass pl!s the ta"e#off mass B The ma1im!m Bero f!el mass C The ma1im!m ta"e#off mass D The ma1im!m landing mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
5.
The ma1im!m Bero f!el mass is a mass limitation for the: A allowable load e1erted !pon the wing considering a margin for f!el tan"ing B strength of the f!selage C strength of the wing root D total load of the f!el imposed !pon the wing Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
6.
,hich of the following statements is correctA The &a1im!m Eero !el &ass ens!res that the centre of gravity remains within limits after the !plift of f!el B The &a1im!m >anding &ass of an aeroplane is restricted by str!ct!ral limitations, performance limitations and the strength of the r!nway C The &a1im!m Ta"e#off &ass is e2!al to the ma1im!m mass when leaving the ramp D The Basic 4mpty &ass is e2!al to the mass of the aeroplane e1cl!ding traffic load and !sable f!el b!t incl!ding the crew Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
7.
The ma1im!m ta1i ?ramp@ mass is governed by: A str!ct!ral considerations B tyre speed and temperat!re limitations C bearing strength of the ta1iway pavement D ta1i distance to ta"e#off point Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
8.
If the ma1im!m str!ct!ral landing mass is e1ceeded: A the aircraft will be !nable to get airborne B the !ndercarriage co!ld collapse on landing C no damage will occ!r providing the aircraft is within the reg!lated landing mass D no damage will occ!r providing the aircraft is within the performance limited landing mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% Referring to the loading man!al for the transport aeroplane, the ma1im!m load intensity for the lower forward cargo compartment is: A $./ "g per s2!are foot B ((/. "g in forward compartment and *$8L "g in aft compartment C F8 "g per s2!are foot D L'88 "g in forward compartment and 9'(' "g in aft compartment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1!.
Considering only str!ct!ral limitations, on very short legs with minim!m ta"e# off f!el, the traffic load is normally limited by: A &a1im!m landing mass B &a1im!m Bero f!el mass C &a1im!m ta"e#off mass D Act!al landing mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
11.
An aircraft is abo!t to depart on an oceanic sector from a high elevation airfield with an e1ceptionally long r!nway in the tropics at $*// local time% The ta"e off mass is li"ely to be limited by: A &E & B 5bstacle limited mass C &a1im!m certified ta"e#off mass D Climb limited mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
12.
The ma1im!m certificated ta"e#off mass is: A a ta"e#off limiting mass which is governed by the gradient of climb after reaching 0' B a ta"e#off limiting mass which is affected by the aerodrome altit!de and temperat!re C a str!ct!ral limit which may not be e1ceeded for any ta"e#off D limited by the r!nway ta"e off distance available% It is tab!lated in the light &an!al Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
13.
5n an aeroplane witho!t central f!el tan", the ma1im!m Eero !el &ass is related to: A &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral Ta"e#5ff &ass B The bending moment at the wing root C ,ing loaded trip f!el D 0ariable e2!ipment for the flight Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
14.
? or this M!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9 or *%$/@% or the transport aeroplane the moment ?balance@ arm ?B%A@ for the forward hold centroid is: A '.L inches B (FL%9 inches C ($*%. inches D *'$%. inches Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
15.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% Referring to the DilotIs light &an!al for the transport helicopter T4T=#$, the ma1im!m load for the aft#cargo bay in section C is: A *// da6Om' B './ da6 C $$. da6 D L. lbsOft' Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
16.
$8/8.% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% Referring to the DilotIs light &an!al for the transport helicopter T4T=$, the ma1im!m load for the aft cargo bay in section A is: A $$. da6 B $9. da6Om' C .. da6 D $'/ lb Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
17.
$8/8F% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% rom the DilotIs light &an!al of the transport helicopter T4T=$, the cabin floor has a ma1im!m load carrying capacity ?ma1im!m floor load@ of: A $$. da6 B $.// da6 C $9. da6Om' D $.// da6Om' Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
18.
$8/8L% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% Referring to the DilotIs light &an!al for the transport helicopter T4T=$, the ma1im!m load for the aft cargo bay in section B is: A ../ lb B .. da6 C L. da6Om' D $$. da6 Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1 .
Considering only str!ct!ral limitations, on long distance flights ?at the helicopterIs ma1im!m range@, the traffic load is normally limited by: A the Eero !el &ass B the &a1im!m Ta"e#off &ass C the Eero !el &ass pl!s the Ta"e#off &ass D the &a1im!m >anding &ass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2!.
,hat are the criteria for correct loading of a helicopterA Adherence to the ma1im!m mass limitations B Correct distrib!tion of the !sef!l load and adherence to the ma1im!m mass limitations C &a1im!m allowable baggage mass in the aft cargo compartment D Correct distrib!tion of the !sef!l load Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
21.
?Refer to fig!re /($N*%98L8% ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% rom the loading man!al for the 8.$% ?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% Referring to the loading man!al for the 89/% ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% rom the >oading &an!al for the 89F% Considering only str!ct!ral limitation, on long distance flights ?at the aeroplane 9$/% The ma1im!m Bero f!el mass is a mass limitation for the: 9$$% ,hich of the following statements is correct9$*% The ma1im!m ta1i ?ramp@ mass is governed by: 9$.% If the ma1im!m str!ct!ral landing mass is e1ceeded: 9'$% ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@% Referring to the loading man!al 9(.% Considering only str!ct!ral limitations, on very short legs with minim!m ta"e# 9(F% An aircraft is abo!t to depart on an oceanic sector from a high elevation airfield 9(8% The ma1im!m certificated ta"e#off mass is: 9./% 5n an aeroplane witho!t central f!el tan", the ma1im!m Eero !el &ass is $/9'% ? or this M!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9 or *%$/@% or the transport $8/8*% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% Referring to the DilotIs light &an!al for the $8/8.% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% Referring to the DilotIs light &an!al for the $8/8F% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% rom the DilotIs light &an!al of the transport $8/8L% ?Refer to fig!re /($N9%F@% Referring to the DilotIs light &an!al for the $8$/.% Considering only str!ct!ral limitations, on long distance flights ?at the $8$LL% ,hat are the criteria for correct loading of a helicoptercompartment load for the area between BA '8F and (*(: @% 3sing the data for the &RCT, what is the ma1im!m compartment load for the area between BA '8F and (*(:
A LF' lbs B ($*%. "g C *8( "g D 8%*L "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
!31"!2"!3 Mass )a$)*$ations

1. Based on act!al conditions, an aeroplane has the following performance ta"e#off mass limitations: laps R!n way Climb : /oO$/oO$.o : *$//O**//O*F// ?&asses are in "g@ : *L//O*.//O*'// ?&asses are in "g@
+tr!ct!ral limits: Ta"e offOlandingOBero f!el: *(// "g The ma1im!m ta"e#off mass is: A *L// "g B *$// "g C *'// "g D *(// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. ,hen determining the mass of f!elOoil and the val!e of the +) is not "nown, the val!e to !se is: A determined by the operator B set o!t in CAR 5D+ $ +ection $ C determined by the aviation a!thority D determined by the pilot Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 3. +tandard masses for baggage can only be !sed when the aircraft has: A 9 seats or more B '/ seats or more C (/ seats or more D less than (/ seats Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
4.
An aeroplane is performance limited to a landing mass of .*'(/ "g% The Dry 5perating &ass is (./// "g and the Bero f!el mass is .'/8/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is F*'8/ "g the !sef!l load is: A $''// "g B $L/8/ "g C '9'8/ "g D $//8/ "g
The !sef!l loadAtarfic load; ta"e of f!el Ta"e of f!elAE &#T5& Ta"e of f!elA F*'8/#.'/8/A$''// Traffic loadAE &#D5& Traffic loadA.'/8/#(.///A $L/8/ 3sef!l loadA$L/8/;$''//A2 28!Ans Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C 5. A flight benefits from a strong tail wind which was not forecast% 5n arrival at destination a straight in approach and immediate landing clearance is given% The landing mass will be higher than planned and: A the approach path will be sleeper B the landing distance will be !naffected C the landing distance re2!ired will be longer D the approach path will be steeper and threshold speed higher Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C 6. A reven!e flight is to be made by a :et transport% The following are the aeroplane str!ct!ral limits: &a1im!m Ramp &ass: F99// "g &a1im!m Ta"e 5ff &ass: F9(// "g &a1im!m >anding &ass: .89// "g &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: .'L*/ "g Ta"e 5ff and >anding &ass are not performance limited Dry 5perating &ass: (*9// "g Trip !el: $$8// "g Ta1i !el: .// "g Contingency P final reserve f!el: $F// "g
Alternate !el:
$9// "g
The ma1im!m traffic load that can be carried is: A $9.// "g B $9$// "g C $9'// "g D $L8*/ "g &T5& &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el F9(// ?(*9//@ ?$.(//@ $9$// &>& &>& .89// ?(*9//@ ?(.//@ '/.// &E & &E & .'L*/ ?(*9//@ 1784!
Maximum traffic load is the lower of the three calculated values i.e. 17840 kg. This is the only traffic load that will not exceed either the MTOW, MLW or the MZFW limitations Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl 7. Ans: D ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$*@ Aeroplane Dry 5perating mass 8./// "g Derformance limited ta"e#off mass $'L/// "g Derformance limited landing mass 98.// "g &a1im!m Bero f!el mass 898// "g !el re2!irements for flight: Trip f!el '9(// "g Contingency and final reserve f!el (F// "g Alternate f!el '8// "g The ma1im!m traffic load that can be carried on this flight is: &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el $'L/// ?8.///@ ?(.L//@ F(// &>& 98.// ?8.///@ ?F*//@ L$// &E & 898// ?8.///@ 48!!
Maximum traffic load is the lower of the three calculated values i.e. 4800 kg. This is the only traffic load that will not exceed either the MTOW, MLW or the MZFW limitations Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
A $'L// "g B L$// "g C F(// "g D *8// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D 8. )iven: &a1im!m str!ct!ral ta"e#off mass A $*F9// "g &a1im!m str!ct!ral landing mass A 9(8// "g &a1im!m Bero f!el mass A 8F*// "g Trip f!el A 'L.// "g Bloc" f!el A (..// "g 4ngine starting and ta1i f!el A $/// "g The ma1im!m ta"e#off mass is e2!al to: A $'/(// "g B $'$(// "g C $$(9// "g D $'/9// "g &T5&A E & ;TAQ4 5 &T5&A
34>
8F*//;(*.//A12! !! ANS
&T5& >ess D5& >ess !el $'L/// ?8.///@ ?(.L//@ F(//
&>& 98.// ?8.///@ ?F*//@ L$//
&E & 898// ?8.///@ 48!!
)iven: Dry operating mass A (8/// "g &a1im!m str!ct!ral ta"e#off mass A L'/// "g &a1im!m landing mass A F./// "g &a1im!m Bero f!el mass A F$/// "g !el b!rn A 8/// "g Ta"e#off !el A $/(// "g The ma1im!m allowed ta"e#off mass and payload are respectively: A L(/// "g and 'L/// "g B L$(// "g and '.(// "g C L(/// "g and '*L// "g D L$(// "g and '(/// "g Allowed ta"e#off massAE &;TAQ4 5 34> AF$///;$/(//A713!! Ans &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el L'/// ?(8///@ ?$/(//@ '(L// &>& F./// ?(8///@ ?'(//@ '*L// &E & F$/// ?(8///@ 23!!! Ans
Maximum traffic load is the lower of the three calculated values i.e. 23000 kg. This is the only traffic load that will not exceed either the MTOW, MLW or the MZFW limitations Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 1!. The empty mass of an aeroplane, as given in the weighing sched!le, is F$(// "g% The operational items ?incl!ding crew@ is given as a mass of '(// "g% If the ta"e# off mass is $('/// "g ?incl!ding a !sable f!el 2!antity of *(8// "g@ the !sef!l load is: A 'F9// "g B L/L// "g C '9F// "g D F8*// "g 3sef!l loadA T5&#D5& D5&A basic empty mass;crew F$(//;'(//A636!! 3sef!l loadA$('///#F(F//A684!! Ans
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
11.
)iven an aeroplane with: &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral >anding &ass: $'./// "g &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: $/8.// "g &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral Ta"e#off &ass: $../// "g Dry 5perating &ass: 8'/// "g +ched!led trip f!el is $L/// "g and the reserve f!el is ./// "g Ass!ming performance limitations are not restricting, the ma1im!m permitted ta"e#off mass and ma1im!m traffic load are respectively: A $'..// "g and '$.// "g B $(/.// "g and ($.// "g C $(/.// "g and 'F.// "g D $'..// "g and 'F.// "g Allowed ta"e#off massAE &;TAQ4 5 34> A$/8.//;''///A13!5!! Ans &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el $../// ?8'///@ ?''///@ .$/// &>& $'./// ?8'///@ ?.///@ (8/// &E & $/8.// ?8'///@ 265!! Ans
Maximum traffic load is the lower of the three calculated values i.e. 26500 kg. This is the only traffic load that will not exceed either the MTOW, MLW or the MZFW limitations Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 12. 5n an aeroplane with a seating capacity of more than (/, it is decided to !se standard mass val!es for comp!ting the total mass of passengers% If the flight is not a holiday charter, the mass val!e which may be !sed for an ad!lt is: A 88 "g ?male@ L* "g ?female@ B LF "g C 8* "g ?male@ LF "g ?female@ D 8* "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
13.
5n an aeroplane with '/ or more seats engaged on an inter#continental flight, the standard mass which may be !sed for passenger baggage is: A $* "g per passenger B $( "g per passenger C $. "g per passenger D $$ "g per passenger Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
14.
9F*% ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!res *%. and *%F@ or the medi!m range transport aeroplane, from the loading man!al, determine the ma1im!m total vol!me of f!el which can be loaded into the main wing tan"s% ? !el density val!e /%L8@ A $$(*9 litres B 88./ litres C $$F*F litres D .FL* litres Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
15.
An aircraft basic empty mass is (/// "g% The ma1im!m ta"e off landing, and Bero#f!el mass are identical, at .'// "g% Ramp f!el is F./ "g, the ta1i f!el is ./ "g% The payload available is: A '$./ "g B $../ "g C ''// "g D $F// "g &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el .'// ?(///@ ?F//@ $F// Ans &>& .'// ?(///@ ''// ''// &E & .'// ?(///@
16.
An aeroplane ta"es off as normal on a sched!led flight however, shortly after ta"e#off the aeroplane is diverted to another airfield &a1 +tr!ct!ral T5& $*/// "g Derformance >imited T5& $'F9/ "g &a1 +tr!ct!ral >& ?&+>&@ 9F// "g Trip !el to original destination F/// "g Contingency f!el '// "g Alternate f!el '// "g inal reserve f!el L./ "g 41pected landing mass at original destination *F// "g Act!al flight d!ration ' ho!r !el cons!mption $.// "g per ho!r Derformance >imited >& At diversion airfield ?D>>&@ 9/// "g A The aeroplane can land safely as it is below its &+>& B The aeroplane can land safely beca!se it is below its D>>& C The aeroplane cannot land safely beca!se it is above the &+>& D The aeroplane cannot land safely beca!se it is above its D>>& Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
17.
The basic empty mass of an aircraft is (//// "g% The masses of the following items are: Catering: +afety and resc!e material ly away "it: Crew ?incl!sive crew baggage@: !el at ta"e#off: 3n!sable f!el: Dassengers, baggage, cargo: The Dry 5perating &ass is: A (/(// "g B (/FF. "g C (8(// "g D (/L8. "g D5&ABasic empty mass;catering;crew;!n!seable f!el (//// ; (// ;(F. ;$'/A3!785 Ans Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D (// "g nil nil (F. "g (/// "g $'/ "g 8/// "g
18.
A reven!e flight is to be made by a :et transport% The following are the aeroplane str!ct!ral limits: &a1im!m Ramp &ass: F99// "g &a1im!m Ta"e 5ff &ass: F9(// "g &a1im!m >anding &ass: .89// "g &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: .'L*/ "g The performance limited ta"e off mass is FL*./ "g Derformance limited landing mass is ..*L/ "g Dry 5perating &ass: (*9// "g Trip !el: F'// "g Ta1i !el: './ "g Contingency P final reserve f!el: $(// "g Alternate !el: $$// "g The ma1im!m traffic load that can be carried is: A '.8// "g B $8$L/ "g C $(9./ "g D $L8*/ "g &T5& &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el F9(// ?(*9//@ ?8F//@ '.8// &>& &>& .89// ?(*9//@ ?'*//@ '$F// &E & &E & .'L*/ ?(*9//@ 1784!
Maximum traffic load is the lower of the three calculated values i.e. 17840 kg. This is the only traffic load that will not exceed either the MTOW, MLW or the MZFW limitations Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 1 . ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%*@ The medi!m range :et transport aeroplane is to operate a flight carrying the ma1im!m possible f!el load% 3sing the following data as appropriate, determine the mass of f!el on board at start of ta"e off% Depart!re airfield performance limited ta"e#off mass: F/*// "g >anding airfield: not performance limited Dry 5perating &ass: (*9(/ "g !el re2!ired for flight: Ta1i f!el: L$. "g
Trip f!el: Contingency and final reserve f!el: Alternate f!el: Additional reserve: Traffic load for flight: A $F/8/ "g B $.8$. "g C $(F./ "g D $**L/ "g &ass on f!el at start of ta"e offA? D5&;TRA 5 &A++ Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2!.
8F// "g $L// "g $.// "g *// "g $$/// "g
IC >5AD@#>I&IT4D TAQ4
The operator of an aircraft e2!ipped with ./ seats !ses standard masses for passengers and baggage% D!ring the preparation of a sched!led flight a gro!p of passengers present themselves at the chec"#in des", it is apparent that even the lightest of these e1ceeds the val!e of the declared standard mass% A the operator may !se the standard masses for the balance b!t m!st correct these for the load calc!lation B # the operator may !se the standard masses for the load and balance calc!lation witho!t correction C the operator sho!ld !se the individ!al masses of the passengers or alter the standard masses D the operator is obliged to !se the act!al masses of each passenger Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
21.
An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield where the performance limited ta"e# off mass is 89'// "g% Certificated ma1im!m masses are as follows: Ramp ?ta1i@ mass: &a1im!m Ta"e#off mass: &a1im!m >anding mass: Act!al Eero f!el mass: 899(/ "g 89*(/ "g L$.'/ "g F'/./ "g F// "g $L8(/ "g 9/(/ "g
!el on board at ramp: Ta1i f!el Trip f!el Contingency, final reserve and alternate
If the Dry 5perating &ass is */9L/ "g the traffic load that can be carried on this flight is:
A '$.// "g B '$/8/ "g C '$''/ "g D '/8L/ "g &T5& &T5& >ess D5& >ess !el 89*(/ ?*/9L/@ ?'F8F/@ '$F// &>& &>& L$.'/ ?*/9L/@ ?9/(/@ '$.'/ &E & &E & F'/./ ?*/9L/@ 21!8!
Maximum traffic load is the lower of the three calculated values i.e. 21080 kg. This is the only traffic load that will not exceed either the MTOW, MLW or the MZFW limitations Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
22.
K+tandard &assI as !sed in the comp!tation of passenger load establish the mass of a child as: A (. "g for children over ' years occ!pying a seat and $/ "g for infants ?less than ' years@ not occ!pying a seat B (. "g only if they are over ' years old and occ!py a seat C (. "g irrespective of age provided they occ!py a seat D (. "g for children over ' years occ!pying a seat and $/ "g for infants ?less than ' years@ occ!pying a seat Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
23.
A twin#engine aeroplane is certified for a &a1 +tr!ct!ral T5& and a &a1 >& of .8/// "g and ../// "g respectively% )iven the information below, what is the limiting ta"e#off mass for the aeroplaneDerformance >imiting T5& F$/// "g Derformance >imiting >& .*/// "g 5perating mass ../// "g Trip f!el (/// "g Contingency f!el .R of trip f!el Alternate f!el .// "g inal reserve .// "g light d!ration ( ho!rs !el cons!mption .// "g per ho!r per engine
A .8/// "g B F$/// "g C .L/// "g D .F.*. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
24.
? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$*@ The medi!m range twin :et transport is sched!led to operate from a depart!re airfield where conditions limit the ta"e#off mass to F././ "g% The destination airfield has a performance limited landing mass of .*.// "g% The Dry 5perating mass is (*9// "g% >oading data is as follows: Ta1i f!el: (./ "g Trip f!el: 9'./ "g Contingency and final reserve f!el $$// "g Alternate f!el: $/// "g Traffic load: $8F// "g Chec" the load and ens!re that the flight may be operated witho!t e1ceeding any of the aeroplane limits% Choose, from those given below, the most appropriate answer% A The flight may be safely operated with the stated traffic and f!el load B The flight is KBero f!el massI limited and the traffic load m!st be red!ced to $*$L/ "g C The flight is Klanding massI limited and the traffic load m!st be red!ced to $L.// "g D The flight may be safely operated with an additional '// "g of traffic load Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
25.
The Dry 5perating &ass of an aircraft is '/// "g% The ma1im!m ta"e#off mass landing and Bero f!el mass are identical at (.// "g% The bloc" f!el mass is ../ "g, and the ta1i f!el mass is ./ "g% The available mass of payload is: A $.// "g B 9./ "g C $/// "g D $*./ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
26.
? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%9@ The centroid of the forward hold is: A halfway between stations ''8 and station .// B ($*%. inches forward of the aft cargo bay centroid C (FL%9 inches from the dat!m D (FL%9 inches from the nose of the aeroplane Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
27.
An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield at a ta"e#off mass of (/'../ "g% !el on board at ta"e#off ?incl!ding contingency and alternate of $9*./ "g@ is $'$*./ "g% The Dry 5perating &ass is $F$*./ "g% The !sef!l load will be: A (9$/. "g B $'$*./ "g C $9F./ "g D $*$$// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
28.
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re *%8@ &a1im!m allowed ta"e#off mass limit: (L'// "g Dry operating mass: '$F// "g Ta"e off f!el: 8.// "g Dassengers on board: male ((, female (', children . Baggages: 88/ "g The company !ses the standard passenger mass systems allowed by reg!lations% The flight is not a holiday charter% In these conditions, the ma1im!m cargo that may be loaded is: A 9/$ "g B .8. "g C $/98 "g D $$/. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2 .
)iven that: &a1im!m str!ct!ral ta"e#off mass: &a1im!m str!ct!ral landing mass: Act!al Bero f!el mass: Trip f!el: Ta1i f!el: Contingency f!el: Alternate f!el: inal reserve f!el: Determine the act!al ta"e#off mass: E & Trip f!el Contingency f!el: Alternate f!el inal reserve f!el 8F(// 'L/// $(./ 'F./ (/// 12!3!! Ans $*F/// "g 9(9// "g 8F(// "g 'L/// "g $/// "g $(./ "g 'F./ "g (/// "g
A $'/9// "g B $*F/// "g C $'/(// "g D $'$(// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 3!. ?Reference to CAD F9F ig!re *%9@ ,hat is the balance arm, the ma1im!m compartment load and the r!nning load for the most aft compartment of the forward cargo holdA *'$%. cm< ((/. "g< $(%$' "g per inch B $/*F%. inches< L$$ "g< L%$8 "g per inch C *'$%. inches< '/.9 "g< $(%$' "g per inch D $/*F%.m< L$$ "g< L%$8 "g per inch Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
31.
An aeroplane weighing sched!le indicates that the empty mass is .L('/ "g% The nominal Dry 5perating &ass is F/$'/ "g and the &a1im!m Eero !el &ass is given as L'$// "g% ,hich of the following is a correct statement in relation to this aeroplaneoperational itemsA D5&#4mpty mass F/$'/#.L('/A'8// Ans Traffic loadA E &#D5& L'$//#F/$'/A$$98/ Ans A operational items have a mass of '8// "g and the ma1im!m traffic load for this aeroplane is $*L8/ "g B operational items have a mass of '8// "g and the ma1im!m traffic load for this aeroplane is $$98/ "g C operational items have a mass of '8// "g and the ma1im!m !sef!l load is $$98/ "g D operational items have a mass of '8// "g and the ma1im!m !sef!l load is $*L8/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
32.
The ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $*$/// "g% Total f!el on board is F(/// "g incl!ding $*/// "g reserve f!el and $/// "g of !n!sable f!el% The traffic load is $'8// "g% The Bero f!el mass is: ta"e#off massA $*$/// f!el on boardA ?F(///@ !n!seable f!elA $/// 7 !!! Ans A L9/// "g B L8/// "g C 9(/// "g D F.'// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
33.
)iven are: &a1im!m str!ct!ral ta"e#off mass: &a1im!m str!ct!ral landing mass: &a1im!m Bero f!el mass: Ta1i f!el: Trip f!el:
L'/// "g .F/// "g *8/// "g 8// "g $8/// "g
Contingency f!el: Alternate f!el: inal reserve f!el: Determine the act!al ta"e#off mass: E & *8/// Trip f!el $8/// Contingency 9// Alternate L// inal reserve '/// 6 6!! Ans A L*/// "g B F9F// "g C L'/// "g D L/*// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
9// "g L// "g '/// "g
34.
A reven!e flight is to be made by a :et transport% The following are the aeroplane str!ct!ral limits: &a1im!m Ramp &ass: F9.// "g &a1im!m Ta"e 5ff &ass: F9(// "g &a1im!m >anding &ass: .89// "g &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: .'L*/ "g Ta"e off and >anding mass are not performance limited Dry 5perating &ass: (*9(/ "g Trip !el: $$.// "g Ta1i !el: './ "g Contingency P final reserve f!el: $*./ "g Alternate !el: $(./ "g The ma1im!m traffic load that can be carried is: +olve li"e page S .. M S 'F% A '$/L/ "g B '$$L/ "g C $L8$/ "g D '/*'/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
35.
The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight !sing the following data: Bloc" f!el: Trip f!el: Ta1i f!el: &a1im!m ta"e#off mass: &a1im!m landing mass: &a1im!m Bero f!el mass: Dry operating mass: *//// "g '9/// "g 8// "g $L//// "g $*8.// "g $$'.// "g 8/*// "g
The ma1im!m traffic load for this flight is: +olve li"e page S .. M S 'F% A */*// "g B ('9// "g C $89// "g D ('$// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
36.
The following data applies to an aeroplane which is abo!t to ta"e off: Certified ma1im!m ta"e#off mass: $*$.// "g Derformance limited ta"e#off mass: $(L(// "g Dry 5perating &ass: .8*// "g Crew and crew hand baggage mass: F*/ "g Crew baggage in hold: $$/ "g !el on board: F/L// "g rom this data calc!late the mass of the !sef!l load% 3sef!l loadA Derformance limited ta"e#off mass# D5& $(L(// # .8*//A78 !! Ans A L89// "g B L8$./ "g C $8'// "g D $L*./ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
37.
? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$*@ A reven!e flight is planned for the transport aeroplane% Ta"e#off mass is not airfield limited% The following data applies: Dry 5perating &ass Derformance limited landing mass !el on board at ramp Ta1i f!el Trip f!el Contingency and final reserve f!el Alternate f!el Dassengers on board +tandard mass for each passenger Baggage per passenger Traffic load &a1im!m possible (*9(/ "g ../// "g (./ "g 9L(/ "g $'// "g $F// "g $(/ 8* "g $* "g
3se the loading man!al provided and the above data% Determine the ma1im!m cargo load that may be carried witho!t e1ceeding the limiting aeroplane landing mass%
D5&
Contingency and final reserve f!el Alternate f!el +tandard mass for each passenger?$(/T8*@A Baggage per passenger?$(/T$*@A LANDIN# MASS
(*9(/ $'// $F// $/9'/ $8'/ 5!47!
&a1im!m cargo load ADerformance limited landing mass# >anding mass 55!!!"5!47!+453! Ans A *.(/ "g B .*// "g C F(./ "g D ($8. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
38.
The following data applies to a planned flight: Dry 5perating &ass: Derformance limited Ta"e#off &ass: Derformance limited >anding &ass: &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: !el re2!ired at ramp: Ta1i f!el: Trip f!el: Contingency f!el: Alternate f!el: =olding f!el: Traffic load: (*9// "g FF(// "g ..'// "g .(/L/ "g *// "g 8F// "g *(/ "g 9L/ "g 9// "g $FF// "g
!el costs at the depart!re airfield are s!ch that it is decided to load the ma1im!m f!el 2!antity possible% The total f!el which may be safely loaded prior to depart!re is: D5&A Traffic load !el ?witho!t trip and ta1i@ >anding &ass Dl!s Bloc" !el A $('(/ "g B $'L// "g C $.'// "g D $/L(/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3 . )iven: Dry 5perating &ass: &a1im!m Ta"e#off &ass: &a1im!m Eero# !el &ass: &a1im!m >anding &ass: Trip !el: !el 2!antity at bra"es release: The ma1im!m traffic load is: '98// "g .'*// "g *($// "g *FL// "g */// "g 8/// "g (*9// $FF// '(// .(8// ?..'//@ $*// $$(// 127!! Ans f!el *// Ta1i f!el 8F// Contingency *(/ Alt 9L/ =olding 9// Bloc" f!el $$(//
+olve li"e page S .. M S 'F% A 9(// "g B $((// "g C $'9// "g D $*F// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 4!. The standard mass for a child is: A (8 "g for all flights B (. "g for holiday charters and (8 "g for all other flights C (. "g for all flights D (/ "g for holiday charters and (. "g for all other flights Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 41. The empty mass of an aeroplane is given as **8// "g% 5perational items ?incl!ding crew standard mass of $/F/ "g@ are '(// "g% If the ma1im!m Bero f!el mass is given as F..// "g, the ma1im!m traffic load which co!ld be carried is: D5&A 4mpty mass;operational item **8//;'(//A*L$// Ans Traffic loadA E &#D5& F..//#*L$//A184!! Ans A '/L// "g B $8*// "g C '(/// "g D $9*F/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 42. The ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $$L/// "g, comprising a traffic load of $8/// "g and f!el of *F/// "g% ,hat is the dry operating massD5&A T5&#TAR IC >5AD# 34> $$L///#$8///#*F///A53!!! ANS A .(/// "g B F*/// "g
C L$/// "g D 99/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
43.
A flight has been made from >ondon to 0alencia carrying minim!m f!el and ma1im!m traffic load% 5n the ret!rn flight the f!el tan"s in the aeroplane are to be filled to capacity with a total f!el load of '/$// litres at a f!el density of /%L9 "gOl% The following are the aeroplane str!ct!ral limits: &a1im!m Ramp &ass: F89// "g &a1im!m Ta"e 5ff &ass: F9(// "g &a1im!m >anding &ass: .89// "g &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: .'L*/ "g The performance limited Ta"e off mass at 0alencia is FL((/ "g The landing mass at >ondon is not performance limited% Dry 5perating &ass: (*9(/ "g Trip !el ?0alencia to >ondon@ .99/ "g Ta1i !el: './ "g The ma1im!m traffic load that can be carried from 0alencia will be: A $*(($ "g B $('*/ "g C $FLL/ "g D 98(/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
44.
The Ta"e#off &ass of an aeroplane is FFL// "g which incl!des a traffic load of $*'// "g and a !sable f!el load of $/.// "g% If the standard mass for the crew is .*. "g the Dry 5perating &ass is: D5&A T5&#TAR IC >5AD# 34> FFL//#$*'//#$/.//A42!!! ANS CRE, IS ADDED IN DOM..
A *'/// "g B .F'// "g C *$*.. "g D *'.*. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
45.
Determine the >anding &ass for the following single engine aeroplane% )iven: +tandard 4mpty &ass: $LF* lbs 5ptional 42!ipment: (. lbs Dilot ; ront seat passenger: (// lbs Cargo &ass: (./ lbs Ramp !el A Blac" !el: F/ )al Trip !el: (. )al !el density: F lbsO)al +tandard 4mpty &ass: 5ptional 42!ipment: Dilot ; ront seat passenger: Cargo &ass: Ramp !el A Blac" !el:F/TFA Trip !el: (. TFA A 'F.9 lbs B 'L99 lbs C '.89 lbs D '**9 lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C $LF* lbs (. lbs (// lbs (./ lbs (F/ lbs ?'$/@ lbs 25 Ans
46.
Determine the Eero !el &ass for the following single engine aeroplane% )iven: +tandard 4mpty &ass: $LF* lbs 5ptional 42!ipment: (. lbs Dilot ; ront seat passenger: (// lbs Cargo &ass: (./ lbs Ramp !el A Bloc" !el: F/ )al Trip !el: (. )al !el Density: +tandard 4mpty &ass: $LF* lbs 5ptional 42!ipment: (. lbs Dilot ; ront seat passenger: (// lbs Cargo &ass: (./ lbs 24 $-s Ans A '.89 lbs B '**9 lbs C 'F.9 lbs D '*$* lbs
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
47.
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re (%*@ ,ith respect to m!lti#engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the ramp mass ?lbs@ in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: Basic arm: 5ne pilot: ront seat passenger: Centre seat passengers 5ne passenger rear seat: Baggage in Bone $: Baggage in Bone *: Bloc" f!el: Trip f!el: !el for start !p and ta1i ?incl!ded in bloc" f!el@: !el density: A *L'/ B *$'/ C *(9/ D *(L' Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A ('$/ lbs 88%. inches $F/ lbs '// lbs '9/ lbs $$/ lbs $// lbs ./ lbs $// 3+ )al .. 3+ )al ( 3+ )al F lbsO3+ )al
48.
+tandard masses may be !sed for the comp!tation of mass val!es for baggage if the aeroplane: A is carrying (/ or more passengers B has F or more seats C has (/ or more seats D has '/ or more seats Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
4 .
In determining the Dry 5perating &ass of an aeroplane it is common practice to !se standard mass val!es for crew% These val!es are A flight crew 8. "g, cabin crew L. "g each% These do not incl!de a hand baggage allowance B flight crew 8. "g, cabin crew L. "g each% These are incl!sive of a hand baggage allowance C flight crew ?male@ 88 "g ?female@ L. "g, cabin crew L. "g each% These incl!de an allowance for hand baggage D flight crew ?male@ 88 "g ?female@ L. "g, cabin crew L. "g each% These do not incl!de an allowance for hand baggage Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
5!.
To calc!late a !sable ta"e#off mass, the factors to be ta"en into acco!nt incl!de: A &a1im!m landing mass a!gmented by f!el on board at ta"e#off B &a1im!m landing mass a!gmented by the f!el b!rn C &a1im!m Bero f!el mass a!gmented by the f!el b!rn D &a1im!m ta"e#off mass decreased by the f!el b!rn Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
51.
The following data is e1tracted from an aeroplane loading manifest: Derformance limited ta"e#off mass: 9(.// "g 41pected landing mass at destination: 8$L// "g &a1im!m certificated landing mass: 8F(// "g !el on board: $F.// "g D!ring the flight a diversion is made to an en#ro!te alternate which is not performance limited for landing% !el remaining at landing is $/(// "g% The landing mass: A is 8L(// "g which is acceptable in this case beca!se this is a diversion and not a normal sched!led landing B is 8('// "g which is in e1cess of the reg!lated landing mass and co!ld res!lt in over#r!nning the r!nway C m!st be red!ced to 8$L// "g in order to avoid a high speed approach D is 8L(// "g and e1cess str!ct!ral stress co!ld res!lt Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
52.
)iven the following: &a1im!m str!ct!ral ta"e#off mass: &a1im!m str!ct!ral landing mass: &a1im!m Bero f!el mass: Ta1i f!el: Contingency f!el: Alternate f!el: inal reserve f!el: Trip f!el: Determine the act!al ta"e#off mass: A *8/// "g B *L8// "g C *8*// "g D .(/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B *8/// "g **/// "g (F/// "g F// "g 9// "g 8// "g $$// "g 9/// "g
53.
)iven an aeroplane with: &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral >anding &ass: &a1im!m Eero !el &ass: &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral Ta"e#off &ass: Dry 5perating &ass: * F8/// "g L/'// "g L8'// "g
+ched!led trip f!el is L/// "g and the reserve f!el is '8// "g Ass!ming performance limitations are not restricting, the ma1im!m permitted ta"e#off mass and ma1im!m traffic load are respectively: A LL'// "g and '''// "g B L./// "g and '//// "g C LL'// "g and $9*// "g D L./// "g and $L'// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
54.
An aeroplane develops a serio!s technical problem shortly after ta"e#off and has to ret!rn to its depart!re airfield% In order to land safely the aircraft m!st d!mp f!el% =ow m!ch f!el m!st be d!mpedA +!fficient to red!ce the mass to the Bero f!el mass B The pilot calc!lates the amo!nt of f!el to :ettison to red!ce the mass to a safe level at, or below the Reg!lated >anding &ass C The f!el system a!tomatically stops the :ettison at the Reg!lated >anding &ass D As m!ch as the pilot feels is :!st ins!fficient to land safely Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
55.
The ta"e#off mass of an airplane is 8F// "g which incl!des a traffic load of $89/ "g and a !sable f!el load of $'(/ g% If the standard mass for the crew is $9/ "g the dry operating mass isA .'9/ "g B .*8/ "g C 8*$/ "g D FL$/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
56.
Determine the Ta"e#off &ass for the following single engine aeroplaneO )iven: +tandard 4mpty &ass: 5ptional 42!ipment: Dilot ; ront seat passenger: Cargo &ass: Ramp !el A Bloc" !el: Trip !el: !el density: A 'LF* lbs B '8/9 lbs C '8.9 lbs D 'L99 lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D $LF* lbs (. lbs (// lbs (./ lbs F/ )als (. )als F lbsO)al
57.
The responsibility for determination of the mass of 5D4RATI6) &A++4+ and CR4, &4&B4R+ incl!ded within the Dry 5perating &ass lies with: A the commander B the a!thority of the state of registration C the person compiling the weighing sched!le D the operator Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
58.
&ass for individ!al passengers ?to be carried on an aeroplane@ may be determined from a verbal statement by or on behalf of the passengers if the n!mber of: A passengers carried is less than F B passenger seats available is less than $/ C passengers carried is less than '/ D passenger seats available is less than F Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
5 .
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re *#$*@ The following data relates to a planned flight of an aeroplane: Dry 5perational mass: F/.'/ "g Derformance limited ta"e#off mass: L''./ "g Derformance limited landing mass: L''(/ "g &a1im!m Eero !el mass: FL.(/ "g !el on board at ta"e#off Trip f!el: Contingency and final reserve f!el Alternate f!el: $'.// "g '(// "g $L// "g
3sing this data, as appropriate, calc!late the ma1im!m traffic load that can be carried% A LL(/ "g B $$L(/ "g C $.L(/ "g D L/$/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
6!.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*/$@ rom the data contained in the attached appendi1, the ma1im!m allowable ta"e#off mass and traffic load is respectively: A FFLL/ "g and $L('/ "g B F/*'. "g and $/9L. "g C F$F// "g and $'$./ "g D F8/(8 "g and $8.88 "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
61.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*/$@ An aeroplane is carrying a traffic load of $/('/ "g% Complete the necessary sections of the attached appendi1 and determine which of the answers given below represents the ma1im!m increase in the traffic load: A L/// "g B 8'F8 "g C F./ "g D $8(/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
62.
?Refer to fig!re >''.@ 3sing the data given in the >oad P Trim sheet, determine from the following the correct val!e for the limiting ta"e off mass for this flight% A F*'// "g B F(8// "g C F'F./ "g D .*9// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
63.
?Refer to fig!re >''F@ 3sing the data given in the >oad P Trim sheet, determine from the following the correct val!e for the limiting ta"e off mass for this flight% A .'9// "g with an !nderload of *'// "g B .L$// "g with an !nderload of (LL/ "g C .8.// "g with an overload of (LL/ "g D F'/// "g with an !nderload of (LL/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
64.
?Refer to fig!re >'(/@ 3sing the data given in the >oad P Trim sheet, determine from the following the correct val!e for the limiting ta"e off mass for this flight% A .'/// "g with an !nderload of $8(/ "g B FFLL/ "g with an overload of $8(/ "g C F$F// "g with an !nderload of $8(/ "g D F8/(8 "g with an overload of $8(/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
65.
=ow wo!ld yo! convert "ilograms ?Qg@ to po!nds ?lb@A "g 1 /%*.(.9'(L lb B "g 1 '%'/*F''F' lb C "gO'%'/*F''F' lb D 6one of the above Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
66.
=ow wo!ld yo! convert 3+ )allons to >itres ?>@A 3+ gall 1 $%'/. B 3+ gall 1 *%.*F C 3+ gall 1 /%'F* D 3+ gall 1 (%L8. Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
67.
To convert $ 3+ gallon of A0)A+ ?$// >>@ to lbs: A $ 3+) B $ 3+) C $ 3+) D $ 3+) A (%8 lbs A F%8 lbs A * lbs A F lbs
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 68. A bo1 has a mass of $'' lbs, what is the mass in "gA ((%.. "g B ..%(( "g C ..%*. "g D .L%.* "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 6 . '.88 3+) of f!el has been loaded into an aircraft, what is the vol!me in litresA 9L9%FF > B 99L9%FF > C 9L9F%F. > D 9L8.%.8 > Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 7!. or the p!rposes of mass and balance CAR#5D+ $ defines a child as a person aged: A 5f ' years b!t not having reached $. years old B 5f ( years b!t not having reached their twelfth birthday C 5f ' years b!t not having reached their twelfth birthday D 5f ( years b!t not having reached their fifteenth birthday Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
71.
,hen standard mass val!es are being !sed, infants occ!pying separate passenger seats m!st be considered as: A ad!lts B children C infants after being weighed D the same if below ' years of age Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
72.
a person of $( years of age is defined as: A A child B An ad!lt C An ad!lt if male only D An ad!lt if female only Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
73.
Choose the correct statement as related to infants travel in aircraft: A An infant is a person between the ages of / years to ' years B An infant is a person between the ages of / years to ( years C An infant seated on an ad!lts lap increases the pa1 mass by (. "g D An infant m!st always be seated in its own seat and acco!nted for as (. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
74.
rom the following select the standard baggage mass for a domestic flight on a (// passenger seat aircraft: A $. "g B $( "g C $$ "g D F "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
75.
An aircraft has an average f!el cons!mption of L.// "g per ho!r at *8/ "ts% Calc!late its ma1im!m range and end!rance for a b!l" f!el load of 8//// litres at +) /%8, the start, r!n !p ; ta1i allowance is $'// "g and a minim!m reserve f!el of $//// "g% A Range ((L9%' nm P 4nd!rance L%/* hr B Range ((F/ nm P 4nd!rance L%/ hr C Range ((L9%' nm P 4nd!rance L%/ hr D Range ((F/ nm P 4nd!rance L%/* hr Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
76.
The mass of L'9 3+ )allons of f!el at +) /%L8 is: A '$.( "g B '.L9 "g C (/9. "g D .F8 "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
77.
The weight of 8FL 3+ )allons of f!el ?+) /%L8@ is: A 8$'' lbs B .F.( lbs$'.$/% If $'./ lbs of f!el at +) /%8$' are on board an aircraft, the amo!nt of f!el in 3+ )allons is: A $'8 3+ )allons B $8. 3+ )allons C $'' 3+ )allons D $.( 3+ )allons Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B C '.F/ lbs D .(F$ lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
78.
The weight of $'9' litres of f!el ?+) /%8$'@ is: A '($( lbs B '8*F lbs C (8/. lbs D (./8 lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
7 .
If .FL "gs of f!el at +) /%8$' are on board an aircraft, the amo!nt of f!el in 3+ gallons is: A # $F$ 3+) B $F8 3+) C $8* 3+) D '/$ 3+) Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
8!.
The mass of $F8.8 "g in lbs isA L8'' lbs B LF*. lbs C (F((/ lbs D (L$FF lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
81.
$'. 3+) of Avgas in litres isA (L > B (.8 > C *F/ > D *L( > Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
82.
.F// 3+) is e2!ivalent to how many imperial gallonsA F((8 imp B *(FF imp C *FF( imp D *8*8 imp Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
83.
$'.988 "gs is how many po!ndsA 'LLL.F lbs B 'L$.'. lbs C ($*9L/ lbs D .8*.8 lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
84.
A helicopter is performance limited to a landing mass of FAL../ "g% The Basic 4mpty &ass is .'// "g, the Dry 5perating &ass is ..// "g and the Eero !el &ass is .98/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is L98/ "g the !sef!l load is: A 'L8/ "g B '*8/ "g C '/// "g D *8/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
85.
A helicopter is to depart at a Ta"e#5ff &ass of 8/*/ "g% Ta"e#off f!el ?incl!ding Reserve !el of F8/ "g@ is $L./ "g% The Basic 4mpty &ass is ././ "g% Considering a total mass of crew and operating items of .$/ "g, the permissible Traffic >oad will be: A L(/ "g B $(// "g C '($/ "g D $/$/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
86.
A helicopter is to depart at a Ta"e#5ff &ass of 8''/ "g% Ta"e off !el ?incl!ding Reserve !el of L$/ "g@ is $L./ "g% The Basic 4mpty &ass is *9'/ "g% Considering a total mass of crew and operating items of *'/ "g, the permissible Traffic >oad will be: A '.9/ "g B $/*/ "g C $$(/ "g D $../ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
87.
A helicopter is to depart at a Ta"e#5ff &ass of 8F// "g% Ta"e off !el ?incl!ding Reserve !el of 9'/ "g@ is $8*/ "g% The Basic 4mpty &ass is *9*/ "g% Considering a total mass of crew and operating items of **/ "g, the permissible Traffic >oad will be: A $8'/ "g B $(8/ "g C 'L*/ "g D 9'/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
88.
)iven: Basic 4mpty &ass: Dry 5perating &ass: Eero !el &ass: Ta"e#off &ass: ,hat is the 3sef!l >oad: A 'F8/ "g B '*8/ "g C '/// "g D *8/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A .(// "g ..// "g .98/ "g L98/ "g
8 .
)iven: # # # The ta"e#off mass of an aircraft is 8*L/ "g Total f!el on board is $F// "g incl!ding *./ "g reserve f!el and '9 "g of !n!sable f!el The traffic load is LL/ "g
,hat is the Eero !el &assA F*'/ "g B F$'9 "g C F899 "g D F8L/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C !. )iven: Dry 5perating &ass: Eero !el &ass: Trip !el: Ta"e#off !el: The Traffic >oad is: A $/'/ "g B ((9/ "g C '(L/ "g D '98/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A .'$/ "g F'(/ "g 99/ "g $.9/ "g
1.
)iven: Dry 5perating &ass: .('/ "g Eero !el &ass: FL9/ "g Trip !el: LL/ "g Ta"e#5ff !el: $($/ "g The Traffic >oad is: A $*L/ "g B (/8/ "g C $F$/ "g D '9*/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
2.
)iven: Dry 5perating &ass: *9'/ "g Eero !el &ass: .L*/ "g Trip !el: FL/ "g Ta"e#5ff !el: $/./ "g The Traffic >oad is: A '$F/ "g B $(*/ "g C '*8/ "g D 8'/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
3.
)iven: Eero !el &ass: Trip !el: Bloc" !el: Ta1i !el: *LL/ "g $/*/ "g $9F/ "g '/ "g
The act!al Ta"e#5ff &ass is e2!al to: A .89/ "g B *9L/ "g C FL$/ "g D FL(/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 4. )iven: Eero !el &ass: Trip !el: Bloc" !el: Ta1i !el: *9'/ "g 88/ "g $((/ "g '. "g
The act!al Ta"e#5ff &ass is e2!al to: A F'./ "g B F8$/ "g C F(F/ "g D F''. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
5.
)iven: Eero !el &ass: Trip !el: Bloc" !el: Ta1i !el: FFF/ "g 99/ "g $.*/ "g '. "g
The act!al Ta"e#5ff &ass is e2!al to: A 8$L. "g B 8'// "g C L'$/ "g D 8$$/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 6. The Basic 4mpty &ass is *8// "g, the Dry 5perating &ass is ././ "g and the Eero !el &ass is F'$/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is 8/$/ "g the !sef!l load is: A '9F/ "g B $8// "g C $$F/ "g D ('$/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 7. The Basic 4mpty &ass is *9F/ "g, the Dry 5perating &ass is .''/ "g and the Eero !el &ass is F/*/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is LF(/ "g the !sef!l load is: A 'FL/ "g B '*$/ "g C $.9/ "g D 8'/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
8.
The basic empty mass of a helicopter is *9$/ "g% The operational items ?incl!ding crew@ is given as a mass of ('/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is L98/ "g ?incl!ding a !sable f!el 2!antity of $/8/ "g@ the !sef!l load is: A 'L./ "g B (/L/ "g C $FL/ "g D $*// "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
The basic empty mass of a helicopter is .'// "g% The operational items ?incl!ding crew@ is given as a mass of 'L/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is L8*/ "g ?incl!ding a !sable f!el 2!antity of $''/ "g@ the !sef!l load is: A '(L/ "g B $$./ "g C $*9/ "g D 'F*/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!!.
The basic empty mass of a helicopter, as given in the weighing sched!le, is *F$/ "g% The operational items ?incl!ding crew@ is given as a mass of .(/ "g% If the ta"e#off mass is F9F/ "g ?incl!ding a !sable f!el 2!antity of 8// "g@ the !sef!l load is: A $8'/ "g B $/'/ "g C $((/ "g D '(./ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!1.
The ma1im!m 2!antity of f!el that can be loaded into a helicopterIs tan"s is given as $$'/ litres% If the f!el density ?specific gravity@ is given as /%L9 the mass of f!el which may be loaded is: A $*$8 "g B 8.8 "g C $/$$ "g D 88. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!2.
The ma1im!m 2!antity of f!el that can be loaded into a helicopterIs tan"s is given as .F. litres% If the f!el density ?specific gravity@ is given as /%L9 the mass of f!el which may be loaded is: A L$. "g B **F "g C *F* "g D .'8 "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1!3.
The ma1im!m 2!antity of f!el that can be loaded into a helicopterIs tan"s is given as F// 3+ )allons% If the f!el density ?specific gravity@ is given as /%L9 the mass of f!el which may be loaded is: A $L9* "g B '8L. "g C '$.. "g D (*.( "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1!4.
The ma1im!m 2!antity of f!el that can be loaded into a helicopterIs tan"s is given as 8// 3+ )allons% If the f!el density ?specific gravity@ is given as /%L9 the mass of f!el which may be loaded is: A '(9' "g B (8(( "g C '8L( "g D *F/* "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1!5.
The ma1im!m 2!antity of f!el that can be loaded into an aircraftIs tan"s is given as ''// litres% If the f!el density ?specific gravity@ is given as /%L9 the mass of f!el which may be loaded is: A 'L8. "g B '/98 "g C $L98 "g D $L(8 "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!6.
The ma1im!m 2!antity of f!el that can be loaded into an aircraftIs tan"s is given as *// 3+ )allons% If the f!el density ?specific gravity@ is given as /%L9 the mass of f!el which may be loaded is: A $9$F "g B $$9F "g C $*(L "g D '(/' "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1!7.
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of a helicopter is FL// "g% Total f!el on board is 8// "g incl!ding '// "g reserve f!el and $9 "g of !n!sable f!el% The traffic load is 9// "g% The Eero !el &ass is: A .9$9 "g B .9// "g C .F8$ "g D ./// "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1!8.
The ta"e#off mass of a helicopter is L8*/ "g which incl!des a traffic load of 8L/ "g and a !sable f!el load of 9F/ "g% If the standard mass for the crew is (./ "g the Dry 5perating &ass is: A F/$/ "g B .FF/ "g C F9L/ "g D L*9/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1! .
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of a helicopter is 8$./ "g, comprising a Traffic >oad of 99/ "g and Ta"e#5ff !el of '*// "g% The Trip !el is $F(/ "g% ,hat is the Dry 5perating &assA F(9/ "g B L$F/ "g C *LF/ "g D ($(/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
11!.
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of a helicopter is 8'$/ "g which incl!des a traffic load of $L'/ "g and a !sable f!el load of $F$/ "g% If the standard mass for the crew is (// "g the Dry 5perating &ass is: A *.8/ "g B F*9/ "g C L9$/ "g D *88/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
111.
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of a helicopter is 8(*/ "g, comprising a Traffic >oad of $8L/ "g and Ta"e#off !el of $F9/ "g% The Trip !el is 98/ "g% ,hat is the Dry 5perating &assA (8// "g B *L8/ "g C .LF/ "g D F*F/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
112.
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of a helicopter is 8*// "g, comprising a traffic load of $.9/ "g and ta"e off f!el of $8*/ "g% The trip f!el is $/// "g% ,hat is the Dry 5perating &assA *9L/ "g B (9L/ "g C .9L/ "g D F8$/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
113.
The ta"e#off mass of a helicopter is 8*'/ "g which incl!des a traffic load of $F*/ "g and a !sable f!el load of $$./ "g% If the standard mass for the crew is 'L/ "g the Dry 5perating &ass is: A .9// "g B L/./ "g C L'L/ "g D .F(/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
114.
The ta"e#off mass of a helicopter is 8F// "g which incl!des a traffic load of $89/ "g and a !sable f!el load of $'(/ "g% If the standard mass for the crew is $9/ "g the Dry 5perating &ass is: A 8*$/ "g B .*8/ "g C .'9/ "g D FL$/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
115.
The ta"e#off mass of a helicopter is 9/// "g% Total f!el on board is $9// "g incl!ding (// "g reserve f!el and '/ "g of !n!sable f!el% The traffic load is $/// "g% The Bero f!el mass is: A FL8/ "g B F$// "g C L$'/ "g D L$// "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
116.
The ta"e#off mass of an aircraft is $$L/// "g, comprising a traffic load of $8/// "g and f!el of *F/// "g% ,hat is the Dry 5perating &assA .(/// "g B F*/// "g C L$/// "g D 99/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
117.
The ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $*$/// "g% Total f!el on board is F(/// "g incl!ding $*/// "g reserve f!el and $/// "g of !n!sable f!el% The traffic load is $'8// "g% The Eero !el &ass is: A F.'// "g B L9/// "g C L8/// "g D 9(/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
118.
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of an aeroplane is FFL// "g which incl!des a traffic load of $*'// "g and a !sable f!el load of $/.// "g% If the standard mass for the crew is .*. "g the Dry 5perating &ass is: A .F'// "g B *$*.. "g C *'.*. "g D *'/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
11 .
,hat mass has to be entered in the loading chart for aviation f!el if $L/ I may be ref!elled- ? !el density A /%L8 "gOl@ A $(( "g B $(( da6 C $L/ "g D '$8 "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
12!.
An aircraft is loaded with 'L9F/ litres of C4T A which has a specific gravity of /%8$% If the Eero !el &ass is $F./// lbs the 5perating &ass will be: A '$*8'. lb B ''F.$' lb C '*/9*$ lb D $8LF*8 lb Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
121.
3sing the following, calc!late the traffic mass: D>T5&: Ta1i mass: D5&: >anding mass: 5perating mass: Trip f!el: D>>&: &E &: A $9'F/ "g B $L.// "g C $L*F/ "g D '8.// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B F8/// "g FLF*/ "g (8F// "g F/.// "g .//// "g L/// "g F*8// "g .9/// "g
122.
Calc!late the ma1im!m possible last min!te change for a planned flight, !sing the following information: &+T5&: !el bloc": D5&: Ta1i f!el: D>T5&: Traffic load: A '*/ "g B L// "g C (L// "g D '(// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C L'.// "g $8*F/ "g **/// "g *F/ "g L(/// "g F8// "g
123.
A &RCT is abo!t to ma"e a sched!led 4!ropean flight, !sing the following information calc!late the most limiting T5& for the aircraft: &E &: &>&: &T5&: D>>&: D>T5&: Ta"e off f!el: Trip f!el: A F./// "g B F9*// "g C FFL// "g D F*$// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A .F/// "g .8F// "g FF8// "g .9/// "g F./// "g $(*// "g 8$// "g
124.
+tandard masses for flight dec" and cabin crews from CAR 5D+ s!b#part C areA 9/ "g and 8. "g B 8. "g and L. "g C 8* "g for both D 9/ "g for both Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
125.
)iven the following information: Basic 4mpty &ass: Dry 5perating &ass: Eero !el &ass: Traffic load: !el: The All 3p &ass is: A ./9// "g B .(/// "g C **L// "g D F$(// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B (/*// "g ('.// "g */8// "g 8(// "g $''// "g
126.
The Ta"e#5ff &ass of an aircraft is (F'/ "g, the >anding &ass is ('8/ "g and the Basic 4mpty &ass is $8L. "g% The f!el load on ta"e#off is (8/ "g and the traffic load is $$./ "g% The Dry 5perating &ass is: A (/'. "g B $FF/ "g C '$(/ "g D '/9/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
127.
An aircraft has a Dry 5perating &ass of (L*// "g% The Derformance >imited Ta"e#5ff &ass is FL*// "g and the Derformance >imited >anding &ass .'8// "g% The Certificate of Airworthiness &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral Ta"e#5ff &ass is FF/// "g, the &a1im!m +tr!ct!ral >anding &ass is .*/// "g and the &a1im!m Eero !el &ass is .'/// "g% The f!el load before ta1i is $F/// "g% Allowing .// "g for start, ta1i and ta"e#off and $'*// "g for trip f!el the ma1im!m allowed traffic load is: A $'(// "g B $(.// "g C $*F// "g D $($// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
128.
An aircraft f!el tan" can hold a ma1im!m vol!me e2!ivalent to '(// "g of f!el at /%8/ +)% The tan" is loaded with f!el at /%L8 +), the vol!me of f!el that can be loaded is: A $8*/ litres B ''*( litres C '(.9 litres D '8L. litres Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
12 .
?Refer to fig!re /($N(#$@ The performance limited &a1im!m Ta"e#5ff &ass of the specimen aircraft is *8// lb and the performance limited &a1im!m >anding &ass **// lb% The Basic 4mpty &ass is ('$/ lb and the flight is to be cond!cted with two pilots whose masses are $8/ lb and '$/ lb respectively% The f!el load on ta"e#off is $/F 3+) and the trip f!el is 8F 3+)% The ma1im!m Allowed Traffic >oad is: A F8/ lb B .$* lb C 8L/ lb D .F. lb Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
!31"!2"!4 E..%)ts o. o/%&$oa0in'

6o 2!estions in this s!b#chapter
!31"!4
CENTRE O1 #RA2IT3 4C#5
!31"!3"!1 D%.inition o. C%nt&% o. #&a/it(

1. The centre of gravity is the: A ne!tral point along the longit!dinal a1is, in relation to a dat!m line B centre of thr!st along the longit!dinal a1is, in relation to a dat!m line C foc!s along the longit!dinal a1is, in relation to a dat!m line D point where all the aircraft mass is considered to be concentrated Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. The centre of gravity of a body is that point: A which is always !sed as dat!m when comp!ting moments B where the s!m of the moments from the e1ternal forces acting on the body is e2!al to Bero C where the s!m of the e1ternal forces is e2!al to Bero D thro!gh which the s!m of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 3. The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally comp!ted along the: A vertical a1is B lateral a1is C longit!dinal a1is D horiBontal a1is Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
4.
The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is at '.R of the &ean Aerodynamic Chord% This means that the centre of gravity of the aeroplane is sit!ated at '.R of the length of: A the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the dat!m B the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the trailing edge C the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge D the aeroplane in relation to the leading edge Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
5.
The dat!m for determining the C) has to be along the longit!dinal a1is: A between the nose and the tail B between the leading and trailing edge of the &AC C b!t does not have to be between the nose and the tail D at the fire wall Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
6.
&oment ?balance@ arms are meas!red from a specific point to the body station at which the mass is located% That point is "nown as: A the centre of gravity of the aeroplane B the focal point C the a1is D the dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
7.
A location in the aeroplane which is identified by a n!mber designating its distance from the dat!m is "nown as: A +tation B &oment C &AC D Inde1 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
8.
The C) position is: A set by the pilot B set by the man!fact!rer C able to e1ist within a range D fi1ed Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
The distance from the dat!m to the Centre of )ravity of a mass is "nown as: A the inde1 B the lever C the moment D the moment arm or balance arm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!.
The centre of gravity of an aircraft: A is in a fi1ed position and is !naffected by aircraft loading B m!st be maintained in a fi1ed position by caref!l distrib!tion of the load C can be allowed to move between defined limits D may only be moved if permitted by the reg!lating a!thority and endorsed in the aircraftIs certificate of airworthiness Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
11.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re (#$@ or the light twin engine piston propeller aeroplane the dat!m is located: A At the leading edge of the &AC B L8%*H ,D of the wing leading edge at the inboard edge of the inboard f!el tan" C 5n the nose of the aeroplane D L8%* cm ,D of the wing leading edge at the inboard edge of the inboard f!el tan" Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
12.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re '#$@ or the single engine pistonOpropeller aeroplane the ,D C of ) limits are: A L*%//H B L*%//H 8/%*H C 8/%*H D (L%LH Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
13.
The centre of gravity is that ?i@ on an aircraft thro!gh which the total ?ii@ is considered to act vertically ?iii@% A ?i@ dat!m ?ii@ mass ?iii@ !pwards B ?i@ dat!m ?ii@ moment ?iii@ downwards C ?i@ point ?ii@ moment ?iii@ !pwards D ?i@ point ?ii@ mass ?iii@ downwards Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
14.
In centre of gravity calc!lations the dat!m is: A The fi1ed reference abo!t which moments are ta"en to calc!late the position of the centre of press!re B The fi1ed reference abo!t which moments are ta"en to calc!late the position of the centre of gravity C The point thro!gh which the centre of gravity acts D The horiBontal reference !sed to calc!late the helicopterIs empty centre of gravity Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
15.
The single point, thro!gh which the res!ltant of all the individ!al mass components ma"ing !p the loaded helicopter can be said to act, is the: A 5perating &ass B Centre of helicopter C Centre of press!re D Centre of )ravity Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
16.
The tr!e definition of the dat!m point is: A the centre of gravity related to the nose of the aircraft B a reference point for calc!lating the centre of press!re C a point in the f!selage which all the a1es pass thro!gh D a reference point from where all meas!rements are ta"en for centre of gravity calc!lation Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!3"!2 Ba$an)% o. .o&)%s an0 mom%nts

1. ,hen an aeroplane is stationary on the gro!nd, its total weight will act vertically: A thro!gh its centre of gravity B thro!gh its centre of press!re C thro!gh the main wheels of its !ndercarriage assembly D thro!gh a point defined as the dat!m point Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 2. The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is that point thro!gh which the total mass of the aeroplane is said to act% The weight acts in a direction: A always parallel to the aeroplaneIs vertical a1is B parallel to the gravity vector C at right angles to the flight path D governed by the distrib!tion of the mass within the aeroplane Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. act: A always along the vertical a1is of the aeroplane B vertically thro!gh the centre of press!re C vertically thro!gh the dat!m point D vertically thro!gh the centre of gravity Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D The weight of an aeroplane, which is in level non#accelerated flight, is said to
4.
If nose wheel moves aft d!ring gear retraction, how will this movement affect the location of the centre of gravity ?cg@ on the aeroplaneA It will not affect the cg location B It will ca!se the cg to move aft C It will ca!se the cg to move forward D The cg location will change, b!t the direction cannot be told the information given Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
5.
,hich of the following is !nli"ely to have any effect on the position of the centre of gravity on an aeroplane in flightA >owering the landing gear B Changing the tailplane ?horiBontal stabiliser@ incidence angle C &ovement of cabin attendants going abo!t their normal d!ties D 6ormal cons!mption of f!el for a swept wing aeroplane Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
6.
)iven: C of ) is located at +T6 $. Aeroplane mass is (F./ lbs ,hat is the effect on the C of ) if yo! move baggage ?total mass F* lb@ from +T6 $* to +T6 '/A It moves ,D by /%$( !nits B It moves A T by /%$ !nit C It moves A T by /%( !nits D It moves A T by /%($ !nits Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
7.
A loaded aircraft weighs *'// lb with a C of ) of 9 inches A T of the dat!m% An e1tra '// lbs is loaded into the aircraft */ inches ,D of the dat!m% The new C of ) position is: A F%8 inches ,D B (%/ inches A T C F%8 inches A T D (%/ inches ,D Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
8.
The !ndercarriage of an aeroplane moves rearward when it is being retracted% Does this affect the C)A 6o, the position of the C) wo!ld remain the same B 7es, b!t the C) movement co!ld not be calc!lated C 7es, the C) wo!ld move aft D 7es, the C) wo!ld move forward Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
or a large aircraft where the main and nose landing gears retract forward, the effect on the C) on lowering the gear is: A to move aft B to move forward C to remain static D to move forward then aft Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1!.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#.@ or the following see#saw to be in balance: A B C D b A A 1 aOB b A A ; aOB b A A 1 BO a b A B 1 aOA
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
11.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#F@ or the following see#saw to be in balance: A B C D c;( a c A aO(A c A aO( c A (O a
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 12. ?refer to fig!re /($N8#L@ or the following boom to be in balance: A B ; a 1 AO b B B ; b 1 AO a C B ; #? a 1 AO b@ D B ; b ; AO a Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 13. ?Refer to fig!re /($N8#8@ or the following boom to be in balance: A A ; B ; bO a B a ; B 1 aO b C A A B ? a ; b@ D A ; B 1 bO a Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 14. ,hat centre of gravity movement may be e1pected on gear retractionA C) moves forward B C) moves rearward C no significant change to C) position D C) moves far rearward Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!3"!3 Basi) )a$)*$ations o. C#

1. An aeroplane has its centre of gravity located L metres from the dat!m line and it has a mass of *9/// 6% The moment abo!t the dat!m is: A (*(/// 6m B $%*( 6m C L/// 6m D (*(// 6m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 2. ,hich one of the following is correctA Arm A orceO&oment B Arm A &omentO orce C &oment A orceOArm D Arm A orce 1 &oment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. ?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re (#'@ Bloc" f!el A $// gal Trip f!el A .. gal !el density A F lbsOgal Determine bloc" f!el moment: A 9(F/ B .F$F/ C (/888 D *(/.*F Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
4.
If all the moments are positive when calc!lating mass ?weight@ and balance, the position of the dat!m wo!ld be at the: A trailing edge of the wing B main wheels centreline C nose, or forward of the aircraft D centre line of the nose or tail wheel depending on the aircraft type Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
5.
The position of the centre of gravity can always be determined by: A s!btracting the total mass from the total moment B s!btracting the total moment from the total mass C dividing the total mass by the total moment D dividing the total moment by the total mass Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
6.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re (#'@ rom data sheet attached select the vol!me of the f!el allowance for start, r!n !p and ta1i as per the wor"ed e1ample A (%8 3+ gallons B (%8 Imp gallons C (%8 litres D (%8 3+ pints Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
7.
A load placed aft of the dat!m: A =as a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment b!t negative mass B =as a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment b!t a positive mass C =as a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment and mass D =as a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
8.
A load placed forward of the dat!m: A =as a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment B =as a negative arm and therefore generates a negative mass and moment C =as a positive arm and therefore generates a positive mass and moment D =as a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
In calc!lating the position of the centre of gravity the correct form!la is: A moment A mass U arm B moment A arm U mass C mass A arm U moment D mass A moment U arm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!3"!4 A&%a Loa06 R*nnin' Loa06 S*77o&tin'

1. &a1 floor loading A L./ "g per m'% A pac"age of F// "g is to be loaded% ,hat is the minim!m pallet siBeA (/ cm 1 '// cm B */ cm 1 (// cm C */ cm 1 '// cm D (/ cm 1 (// cm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 2. ?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re '#$@ rom the man!al for the single engine pistonOpropeller aeroplane, the ma1im!m floor loading is: A ./ lbs per s2 foot B $// lbs per s2 foot C ./ lbs per s2 foot and $// lbs per s2 foot D ./ lbs per s2 foot between front and rear spars ?incl!des baggage Bone A@ and $// lbs per s2 foot elsewhere ?baggage Bones B P C@ Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!4
MASS AND BALANCE DETAILS O1 AIRCRA1T
!31"!4"!1 Cont%nts o. Mass an0 Ba$an)% Do)*m%ntation

1. ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$$@ At the ma1im!m landing mass the range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading man!al, is: A B C D orward limit 8%/R &AC aft limit 'F%8R &AC orward limit 8%/R &AC aft limit 'L%'R &AC orward limit 8%FR &AC aft limit 'L%/R &AC orward limit L%*R &AC aft limit 'L%/R &AC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$$@ An aeroplane has a landing mass of .(/// "g% The range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading man!al, is: A B C D orward limit 8%'R &AC aft limit 'L%/R &AC orward limit L%8R &AC aft limit 'L%/R &AC orward limit L%(R &AC aft limit 'F%8R &AC orward limit 8%LR &AC aft limit 'F%8R &AC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. ? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$$@ The aeroplane has a mass of F$/// "g in the cr!ise% The range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading man!al, is: A forward limit L%LR aft limit '.%'R &AC B forward limit 8%/R aft limit 'L%'R &AC C forward limit L%FR aft limit 'F%9R &AC D forward limit 8%(R aft limit 'F%(R &AC Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
4.
? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re *%$$@ The aeroplane has a Ta"e#5ff &ass of .8/// "g% At this mass the range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading man!al, is: A B C D orward limit 9%.R &AC aft limit 'F%$R &AC orward limit 8%'R &AC aft limit 'F%'R &AC orward limit 8%/R &AC aft limit 'F%.R &AC orward limit 8%.R &AC aft limit 'F%$R &AC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 5. The dat!m of an aeroplane is sit!ated: A not always between the nose and the tail B always between the nose and the tail C between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the &AC D between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 6. The dat!m !sed for balance calc!lations is: A chosen on the longit!dinal a1is of the aeroplane, and necessarily sit!ated between the nose and the tail of the aircraft B chosen on the longit!dinal a1is of the aeroplane, b!t not necessarily between the nose and the tail of the aircraft C chosen on the longit!dinal a1is of the aircraft and necessarily sit!ated between the leading edge and trailing edge of the wing D chosen on the longit!dinal a1is of the aircraft, and always at the fire#wall level Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
7.
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re *#*@ ,ith reference to the attached chart, the distance of the leading edge of the &AC from the dat!m is: A 3ndefined B .'.%F m C F'.%F in D .'.%F in Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
8.
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re '#.@ rom the attached data sheet, what is the fwd C) limit for an aircraft with a mass of (.// lbA # ;L8%/ inches B # ;L9%/ inches C # ;L9%. inches D # ;8/%/ inches Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!res *#L P *#8@ rom the data sheet for a medi!m range twin:et determine the moment effect of '/ passengers witho!t hand baggage located in Bon 4: A $/8L8/ "g force inches B $$8$/*/ "g force inches C $(/.(F/ force inches D $'$'$'/ "g force inches Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#.@ At the &a1im!m >anding &ass the range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the man!al, is: A B C D orward limit *%.'m, aft limit *%8.m orward limit *%*/m, aft limit *%9/m orward limit *%*Lm, aft limit *%8Fm orward limit *%./m, aft limit *%8.m
Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 11. ?Refer to fig!re /($N9#.@ The helicopter has a mass of 8/// "g in the cr!ise% The range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the man!al, is: A B C D orward limit *%.' m, aft limit *%8. m orward limit *%.' m, aft limit *%9/ m orward limit *%*L m, aft limit *%8L m orward limit *%** m, aft limit *%8. m
Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 12. ?Refer to fig!re /($N9#.@ The helicopter has a landing mass of L.// "g% The range of safe C) positions as determined from the appropriate graph in the man!al is: A B C D orward limit *%*/m, aft limit *%9/m orward limit *%./m, aft limit *%8Fm orward limit *%*/m, aft limit *%8.m orward limit *%**m, aft limit *%88m
Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
13.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#.@ The helicopter has a Ta"e#5ff &ass of L/// "g% At this mass the range of safe C) positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the man!al, is: A B C D orward limit *%*/m, aft limit *%9/m orward limit *%.'m, aft limit *%8.m orward limit *%*/m, aft limit *%FLm orward limit *%.'m, aft limit *%FLm
Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 14. ?Refer to fig!re /($N9#8@ ,here has the longit!dinal reference ?dat!m line@ been defined on the single engine piston helicopter +4D=$A $// inches forward of main rotor centreline B At the centreline of the helicopter thro!gh the main rotor C The longit!dinal reference has not been defined D At the centre of gravity Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 15. ?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$/@ ,here is the longit!dinal centre#of#gravity at basic empty mass ?Delivered ,eight@ of the single engine piston helicopter +4D=$ locatedA at the main rotor centre line B at $$(%$*L inches C at $//%9 inches D at 9.%$ inches Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
16.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#9@ ,here has the longit!dinal reference ?dat!m plane@ been defined on the twin engine transport helicopter T4T=$A At the most forward point of the rotor B The longit!dinal reference has not been defined C At the rotor mast D *%FLm forward of the main rotor centre Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
17.
>ongit!dinal C) location is normally e1pressed: A as a percentage of the &AC from its leading edge B as a percentage of the &AC from its trailing edge C with respect to the ne!tral point D with respect to the centre of press!re Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
18.
The longit!dinal centre of gravity dat!m ?helicopter@: A &!st be located aft of the main rotor mast B &!st be located in line with the main rotor mast C Can be located anywhere D &!st be located forward of the main rotor mast Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1 .
The longit!dinal centre of gravity dat!m ?helicopter@: A &!st be located between the forward and aft centre of gravity limits B Can be located anywhere C &!st be located forward of or in line with the nose of the helicopter D &!st be located in line with the main rotor mast Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2!.
The longit!dinal reference ?dat!m line@ for determining the moment arm is defined: A by the man!fact!rer of the helicopter B by the operator of the helicopter C by the 6ational Aviation A!thority D by the pilot in command of the helicopter Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
21.
The longit!dinal reference ?dat!m line@ for determining the moment arm is generally located: A at the centre of gravity B below the rotor centre C aft of the helicopter D forward of the helicopter Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
22.
The B4& of an aircraft is the basicOempty weight of an aircraft witho!t crew and items of removable e2!ipment, it is: A o!nd in the aircraft man!al and incl!des !n!sable f!el and li2!ids in closed systems B o!nd in the weighing sched!le at the last date of weighing C o!nd in the loading man!al and incl!des !n!sable f!el D o!nd in the 5perations &an!al and incl!des engine oil Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
23.
,here is the percentage &AC meas!red fromA The dat!m B The wing leading edge C The wing trailing edge D The nose of the aircraft Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
24.
?Refer to fig!re /($N*#$$@ ,ith reference to the &RCT, what are the limits for the C) as a percentage of the aircraftIs &AC at T5& of .L.// "gA 88%.R to 9*%.R B 9R to '.R C 8R to 'F%FR D $'R to '/R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
25.
?Refer to fig!re /($N*#$$@ ,hat are the limits for the C) as a percentage of the aircraftIs &AC at its ma1im!m ta1i massA 88%.R to 9*%.R B 9%.R to 'FR C L%.R to 'LR D $'R to '/R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
!31"!4"!2 Ai&)&a.t 8%i'9in'

1. An aeroplane is weighed prior to entry into service% ,ho is responsible for deriving the Dry 5perational &ass from the weighed mass by the addition of the Koperational itemsIA The 5perator B The appropriate Aviation A!thority C The aeroplane man!fact!rer or s!pplier D The commander of the aeroplane Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
2.
If individ!al masses are !sed, the mass of an aeroplane m!st be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter: A at intervals of * years if no modifications have ta"en place B at reg!lar ann!al intervals C only if ma:or modifications have ta"en place D at intervals of 9 years Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
3.
An aeroplane may be weighed: A in an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance B in a 2!iet par"ing area clear of the normal manoe!vring area C in an enclosed, non#air conditioned, hangar D at a specified Kweighing locationI on the airfield Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
4.
An aeroplane m!st be re#weighed at certain intervals% ,here an operator !ses fleet masses and provided that changes have been correctly doc!mented, this interval is: A * years for each aeroplane B 9 years for each aeroplane C whenever a ma:or modification is carried o!t D whenever the Certificate of Airworthiness is renewed Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
5.
To meas!re the mass and C)#position of an aircraft, it sho!ld be weighed with a minim!m of: A $ point of s!pport B ' points of s!pport C ( points of s!pport D * points of s!pport Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
6.
An aeroplane with a two wheel nose gear and fo!r main wheels rests on the gro!nd with a single nose wheel load of .// "g and a single main wheel load of F/// "g% The distance between the nose wheels and the main wheels is $/ metres% =ow far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheelsA */ cm B '. cm C * meters D *$%F cms Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
7.
,hen preparing to carry o!t the weighing proced!re on an aeroplane, which of the following is not re2!iredA drain all !sable f!el B drain all engine tan" oil C drain all chemical toilet fl!id tan"s D removable passenger services e2!ipment to be offloaded Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
8.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#'@ ,here is the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in the diagramA 'F%.L cm aft of dat!m B ('%'9 cm aft of dat!m C 'F%.L cm forward of dat!m D ('%'9 cm forward of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
An operator has a fleet of *( aircraft, how many aircraft m!st be weighed at the same time to maintain the fleet val!eAF BL C8 D9 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
1!.
An aircraft that is not within a fleet mass eval!ation programme m!st be weighed: A 4very year B 4very other year C 4very third year D 4very fo!rth year Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
11.
The interval between ' fleet mass eval!ations m!st not e1ceed: A *8 months B (F months C '* months D $' months Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
12.
An aeroplane with a two wheeled nose gear and fo!r main wheels rests on the gro!nd with a single nose wheel load of L'. "g and a single main wheel load of F/// "g% The distance between the nose wheels and the main wheels is $/ meters% =ow far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheelsA '. cm B */ cm C .L cm D F( cm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
13.
The weights meas!red at the landing gear of an aircraft are as follows: 6ose wheel ?.. inches aft of dat!m@: Right main wheel ?$'$ inches aft of dat!m@: >eft main wheel ?$'$ inches aft of dat!m@: The C of ) of the aircraft is: A $/*%F in B $/F%* in C $/8%8 in D $/*F in Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C *L. lbs $/*F lbs $/*/ lbs
14.
The following res!lts were obtained after weighing a helicopter: ront point: Right rear point: >eft rear point: ''/ "g .// "g *8/ "g
The helicopter dat!m is (%*/m forward of the rotor a1is% The front point is located '%// m forward of the rotor a1is and the rear points are located /%./ m aft of the rotor a1is% The longit!dinal C) position in relation to the dat!m is: A (%(F m B /%/* m C (%** m D $%$8 m Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
15.
The following res!lts were obtained after weighing a helicopter: &ass at front point: (// "g &ass at right rear point: $$// "g &ass at left rear point: 9./ "g It is given that the front point is located /%(/m left of the longit!dinal a1is and the rear points are symmetrically located $%'/m from this a1is% The helicopter lateral C)#position relative to the longit!dinal a1is is: A $$ cm left B * cm right C * cm left D $$ cm right Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
16.
After weighing a helicopter the following val!es are noted: orward point: Aft right point: Aft left point: (./ "g 99. "g $'/. "g
,hat is the longit!dinal C)#position in relation to the dat!m sit!ated *m in front of the rotor a1is, "nowing that the forward point is at '%.m forward of the rotor a1is and the aft points are $m aft of the rotor a1isA *%.' m B *%/9m C *%'$m D *%$.m Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
17.
An aeroplane is weighed and the following recordings are made: 6ose wheel assembly scale: >eft main wheel assembly scale: Right main wheel assembly scale: .((/ "g $'(L/ "g $'*8/ "g
If the 5D4RATI56A> IT4&+ amo!nt to a mass of $L8/ "g with a crew mass of .*. "g, the empty mass, as entered in the weight sched!le, is: A ('./. "g B (/$8/ "g C '8*// "g D ($9./ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B 18. ,hen is a re#weighing of a helicopter re2!iredA At least every fo!r years B Drior to every flight C D!ring every yearly inspection D After every *//#hrs inspection Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 1 . At the re#weighing of an aircraft, who is responsible for establishing the D5&A operator B commander C man!fact!rer D the A!thority Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
2!.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#9@ Calc!late the centre of gravity for the aircraft in the diagram, given: >eft main: Right main: 6ose: A '(. cm aft B '.* cm aft C 'F' cm aft D 'L. cm aft Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B $F// "g $L// "g $'// "g
21.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#$/@ ,hat is the centre of gravity position of the aeroplane in the diagram, given: >eft main: Right main: 6ose: A '*%LH ,D of the Dat!m B ((%$H ,D of the Dat!m C '*%FH A T of the Dat!m D $(%$H A T of the Dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A $F'/ "g $F(' "g F*/ "g
22.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#$$@ Calc!late the centre of gravity for the aeroplane in the diagram given: 6ose wheel weight: >eft wheel weight: Right wheel weight: A /%($ m aft of dat!m B '%8m aft of dat!m C 8%'m aft of dat!m D (%'m aft of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D L8// "g $$8// "g $$*// "g
!31"!4"!3 E:t&a)tion o. Mass;Ba$an)% 0ata .&om 0o)*m%ntation

1. The ma1im!m aircraft mass e1cl!ding all !sable f!el is: A fi1ed and listed in the Aircraft 5perating &an!al B variable and is set by the payload for the trip C fi1ed by the physical siBe of the f!selage and cargo holds D variable and depends on the act!al f!el load for the trip Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A 2. or a partic!lar aeroplane, the str!ct!ral ma1im!m mass witho!t any f!el on board, other than !n!sable 2!antities, is: A a variable val!e which is governed by the payload carried B a fi1ed val!e which is stated in the Aeroplane 5perating &an!al C a variable val!e which may limit the payload carried D a fi1ed val!e which will limit the amo!nt of f!el carried Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. The ma1im!m certificated ta1i ?or ramp@ mass is that mass to which an aeroplane may be loaded prior to engine start, it is: A a fi1ed val!e which is listed in the light &an!al B a val!e which varies with airfield temperat!re and altit!de% Corrections are listed in the light &an!al C a val!e which varies only with airfield altit!de% +tandard corrections are listed in the light &an!al D a val!e which is only affected by the o!tside air temperat!re% Corrections are calc!lated from data given in the light &an!al Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
4.
The &a1im!m Eero !el &ass is the mass of the aeroplane with no !sable f!el on board% It is a limitation which is: A listed in the light &an!al as a fi1ed val!e% It is a str!ct!ral limit B governed by the re2!irements of the centre of gravity limits and the str!ct!ral limits of the aeroplane C tab!lated in the light &an!al against arg!ments of airfield elevation and temperat!re D governed by the traffic load to be carried% It also provides protection from e1cessive Kwing bendingI Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
5.
In relation to an aeroplane, the term BA+IC 4&DT7 &A++ incl!des the mass of the aeroplane str!ct!re complete with its power plants, systems, f!rnishings and other items of e2!ipment considered to be an integral part of the partic!lar aeroplane config!ration% Its val!e is: A incl!sive of an allowance for crew, crew baggage and other operating items% It is entered in the loading manifest B fo!nd in the latest version of the weighing sched!le as corrected to allow for modifications C fo!nd in the flight man!al and is incl!sive of !n!sable f!el pl!s fl!ids contained in closed systems D printed in the loading man!al and incl!des !n!sable f!el Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
6.
The aircraft basic mass and ) position is fo!nd in: A The weighing sched!le in the Aircraft light &an!al and the aeroplane m!st be re#weighed if e2!ipment change ca!ses a change in mass or balance B The loading manifest and is D5& traffic load C In the loading manifest and is E & !sef!l load D The weighing sched!le in the Aircraft light &an!al and is ad:!sted to ta"e acco!nt of any mass changes Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
7.
? or this M!estion !se CAD F9F ig!res *%$ and *%'@ or the medi!m range twin :et the dat!m point is located: A on the nose of the aeroplane B .*/ cm forward on the front spar C .*/ inches forward of the front spar D at the leading edge of the &ean Aerodynamic Chord ?&AC@ Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
8.
The empty mass of an aeroplane is recorded in: A the loading manifest% It differs from Dry 5perating &ass by the val!e of the G!sef!l loadH B the loading manifest% It differs from the Bero f!el mass by the val!e of the Gtraffic loadH C the weighing sched!le and is amended to ta"e acco!nt of changes d!e to modifications of the aeroplane D the weighing sched!le% If changes occ!r, d!e to modifications, the aeroplane m!st be re#weighed always Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re (#$@ The reference point for the &4D $ aircraft is: A $/8%8 inches aft of the dat!m B 8.%. inches aft of the dat!m C L8%* inches aft of the dat!m D '.%( inches aft of the dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1!.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re *#F@ rom the data sheet for a medi!m range twin :et determine the amo!nt of !n!sable f!el in the aircraft: A $L%$ 3+ gallons at ./ "g B $L%$ 3+ gallons at .' "g C $L%/ 3+ gallons at ./ "g D $L%/ 3+ gallons at .' "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
11.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re *#(@ rom the data sheet for a medi!m range twin :et determine the moment effect of raising the flaps from */o to $.o A # #'/// "g force inches B # ;'/// "g force inches C # #$/// "g force inches D # ;$/// "g force inches Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
12.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!res *#$ P *#'@ rom the medi!m range twin :et data sheet give the distance of body station L'L from the front spar: A # ;.*/ inches B # ;($( inches C # ;'8L inches D # ;$8L inches Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
13.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#L@ or the transport helicopter T4T=$, from the DilotIs light &an!al, determine the ma1im!m total mass of f!el which can be loaded into the +tandard tan" version: A $8F9 "g B '(FL "g C '99F "g D 8'*/ "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
14.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#L@ or the transport helicopter T4T=$, from the DilotIs light &an!al, determine the ma1im!m total vol!me of f!el which can be loaded into the +tandard tan" version: A 8'*/ $ B '$'$ $ C '(FL $ D $8F8 $ Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
15.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$@ The aft centre#of#gravity limit is located at '%9.m% The dat!m is located in front of the helicopter% Is it allowed to fly !nder otherwise identical conditions if a pilot is weighing $/ "g less as givenA 6o, the new centre of gravity is located $ cm aft of the aft limit ?th!s o!tside the allowable range@ B 7es, the red!ced mass can only have a positive effect C 7es, the new centre of gravity is located $ cm forward of the aft limit ?th!s within the allowable range@ D 7es, the new centre of gravity is now located more forward within the allowable range Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
16.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$@ The aft centre#of#gravity limit is located at '%9Lm% The dat!m is located in front of the helicopter% Is it allowed to fly !nder otherwise identical conditions if a pilot is weighing $/ "g less as givenA 7es, the new centre of gravity is located $ cm forward of the aft limit, th!s still within the allowable range B 6o, the new centre of gravity is located $ cm aft of the aft limit, th!s o!tside the allowable range C 7es, the red!ced mass can only have a positive effect D 7es, the new centre of gravity is now located more forward within the allowable range Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
17.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$@ The aft centre#of#gravity limit is located at '%9*. m% The dat!m is located in front of the helicopter% Is it allowed to fly !nder otherwise identical conditions if a pilot is weighing $/ "g more as givenA 7es, the increased mass can only have a positive effect B 7es, the new centre of gravity is now located more bac"ward within the allowable range C 7es, the new centre of gravity is located $ cm forward of the aft limit, th!s within the allowable range D 6o, the new centre of gravity is located $ cm aft of the aft limit, th!s o!tside the allowable range Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
18.
The Basic 4mpty &ass of a helicopter is recorded in: A the weighing sched!le and is amended to ta"e acco!nt of changes d!e to modifications of the helicopter B the weighing sched!le, if changes occ!r, d!e to modifications, the helicopter m!st be re#weighed always C the loading manifest% It differs from Dry 5perating &ass by the val!e of the !sef!l load D the loading manifest% It differs from the Eero !el &ass by the val!e of the traffic load Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
1 .
The forward centre#of#gravity limit of a helicopter is located at '%.*m% The ma1im!m allowable mass has been reached% The loading comp!tation has shown a forward centre#of#gravity position at '%.(m% ?The dat!m is located forward of the helicopter@% ,hat m!st be done before the flightA +hift something of load items to a more rear position and comp!te again B >oad something aft of the centre#of#gravity so that the helicopter regains the allowable centre#of#gravity range C Ta"e off D 3nload something aft of the centre of gravity and comp!te again Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
2!.
The term GBasic 4mpty &assH incl!des the mass of the helicopter str!ct!re complete with its power plants, systems, f!rnishings and other items of e2!ipment considered to be an integral part of the partic!lar helicopter config!ration% Its val!e is: A fo!nd in the latest version of the weighing sched!le as corrected to allow for modifications B incl!sive of an allowance for crew, crew baggage and other operating items, it is entered in the loading manifest C fo!nd in the flight man!al and is incl!sive of !sable f!el pl!s fl!ids contained in closed systems D printed in the loading man!al and incl!des !sable f!el Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
21.
?Refer to fig!re /($N*#$(@ 3sing the data for the &RCT, what wo!ld be the f!el inde1 fig!re for a ta"e# off f!el of $'*.. "gA # #8%$ B # #L%. C # #L%8 D # #8%L Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
!31"!5
DETERMINATION O1 C# <OSITON !31"!5"!1 M%t9o0s
1.
At a given mass the C) position is at $.R &AC% If the leading edge of &AC is at a position F'.%F inches aft of the dat!m and the &AC is given as $(*%. inches determine the position of the C) is relation to the dat!m: A F*.%L8 inches aft of dat!m B '/%$8 inches aft of dat!m C F/.%*( inches aft of dat!m D ''8%(* inches aft of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
2.
? or this 2!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re (%*@ ,ith respect to a m!lti#engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the total moment ?lbs%in@ at landing in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: ('$/ lbs 5ne pilot: $F/ lbs ront seat passenger: '// lbs Centre seat passengers: '9/ lbs ?total@ 5ne passenger rear seat: $$/ lbs Baggage in Bone $: $// lbs Baggage in Bone *: ./ lbs Bloc" f!el: $// 3+ )al Trip f!el: .. 3+ )al !el for start !p and ta1i ?incl!ded in bloc" f!el@: ( 3+ )al !el density: F lbsO3+ )al Total moment at ta"e#off: *('''F lbs%in A *(( ''$ B */$ ((8 C *(( 9/F D (LL L*F Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
3.
,hat is the C) as a percentage &AC of the f!lly loaded aircraft belowB4& Arm C) &AC Item Balance arm: ront seats Rear seats !el +) !el !el arm Rear seats 4mpty Dilot Dassenger A $FR B $9R C '$R D '*R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D $'/// "g (m '.R &AC 'm '%. m (m /%L* *$/ litres '%. m 8/ "g 8/ "g
4.
The loaded centre of gravity ?cg@ of an aeroplane is L$( mm aft of dat!m% The mean aerodynamic chord lies between station .'* mm aft and $L/F mm aft% The cg e1pressed as R &AC ?mean aerodynamic chord@ is: A $FR B *$R C F/R D $/R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
5.
? or this M!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re (%*@ ,ith respect to m!lti#engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the bloc" f!el moment ?lbs%in@ in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: Basic arm: 5ne pilot: ront seat passenger: Centre seat passengers: 5ne passenger rear seat: Baggage in Eone $: Baggage in Eone *: Bloc" f!el: Trip f!el: !el for start !p and ta1i ?incl!ded in bloc" f!el@: !el density: A *(( 9/F B .F $F/ C (/ 88F D 9 (F/ Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B ('$/ lbs 88%. inch $F/ lbs '// lbs '9/ lbs ?total@ $$/ lbs $// lbs ./ lbs $// 3+ )al .. 3+ )al ( 3+ )al F lbsO3+ )al
6.
)iven the following information, calc!late the loaded centre of gravity ?cg@: +TATI56 &A++ ?"g@ O AR& ?cm@ O &5&46T ?"gcm@ Basic 4mpty Condition $'/*. (/ ;(F$(./ Crew $*. #$F/ #'('// reight $ .*.. ;'// ;$/9$/// reight ' *$/ #*/ #$F*// !el F/*. #8 #*8(F/ 5il $'* ;*/ ;*9F/ A .F%(. cm aft dat!m B .F%.( cm aft dat!m C F/%$F cm aft dat!m D .(%(. cm aft dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
7.
Calc!late the centre of gravity in R &AC ?mean aerodynamic chord@ with following data: Distance dat!m centre of gravity: Distance dat!m leading edge: >ength of &AC: A '(%$R &AC B F(%*R &AC C *L%/R &AC D (F%(R &AC Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D $'%.(m 9%F(m 8m
8.
? or this M!estion !se CAD F9F ig!res '%$ '%*@ ,ith respect to a single#engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the Bero f!el moment ?lbs%inO$//@ in the following conditions: Basic 4mpty &ass: '*$. lbs Arm at Basic 4mpty &ass: LL%9 in Cargo Eone A: (./ lbs Baggage Eone B: (. lbs Dilot and front seat passenger: (// lbs ?total@ A FFL. B '.*8%8 C '*9F%( D '($$%8 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re *#*@ ,ith reference to the attached chart, what is the ) as a percentage of the &AC if the C) is F./ inches from the dat!mA $L%/(R B $8%$*R C $F%'.R D '/%(FR Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1!.
The mass and balance information gives: Basic mass: Basic balance arm: $'// "g (%// m
3nder these conditions the Basic centre of gravity is at '.R of the mean aerodynamic chord ?&AC@% The length of &AC is 'm% In the mass and balance section of the flight man!al the following information is given: Dosition Arm front seats: Dosition Arm rear seats: Dosition Arm rear hold: Dosition Arm f!el tan"s: '%.m (%.m *%.m (%/m
The pilot and one passenger embar"< each weighs 8/ "g% !el tan"s contain $*/ litres of petrol with a density of /%L$*% The rear seats are not occ!pied% Ta1i f!el is negligible% The position of the centre of gravity at ta"e#off ?as R &AC@ is: A '9R B ''R C (*R D $LR Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B 11. An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord ?&AC@ of $(*%. inches% The leading edge of this chord is at a distance of F'.%F inches aft of the dat!m% )iven the location of the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in terms of percentage &AC if the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically thro!gh a balance arm located F./ inches aft of the dat!m% A 8.%.R B L.%FR C $8%$*R D $/%.R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
12. chord:
The determination of the centre of gravity in relation to the mean aerodynamic A consists of defining the centre of gravity longit!dinally in relation to the length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the trailing edge B consists of defining the centre of gravity longit!dinally in relation to the length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the leading edge C consists of defining the centre of gravity longit!dinally in relation to the position of the aerodynamic convergence point D consists of defining the centre of gravity longit!dinally in relation to the position of the aerodynamic centre of press!re Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
13.
)iven are the following information at ta"e#off +TATI56 &A++ ?"g@ O AR& ?cm@ O &5&46T ?"gcm@ Basic 4mpty Condition Crew reight $ reight ' !el 5il $'/*. $*. .*.. *$/ F/*. $'* ;(/ #$F/ ;'// #*/ #8 ;*/ ;(F$(./ #'('// ;$/9$/// #$F*// #*8(F/ ;*9F/
)iven that the flight time is ' ho!rs and the estimated f!el flow will be $/./ litres per ho!r and the average oil cons!mption will be '%'. litres per ho!r, the specific density of f!el is /%L9 and the specific density of oil is /%9F% Calc!late the landing centre of gravity% A F$%'F cm aft of dat!m B F$%'8 cm aft of dat!m C F$%'L cm aft of dat!m D F$%'9 cm aft of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
14.
Determine the position of the C) as a percentage of the &AC given that the balance arm of the CT) is L'* inches and the &AC e1tends from a balance arm of .$L inch to $L/F inch% A $*%'R B $.%(R C $F%(R D $L%*R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
15.
? or this M!estion !se CAD F9F ig!re (%*@ ,ith respect to a m!lti#engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the C) location at ta"e off in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: Basic arm: 5ne pilot: ront seat passenger: Centre seat passengers: 5ne passenger rear seat: Baggage in Bone $: Baggage in Bone *: Eero !el &ass: &oment at Eero !el &ass: Bloc" f!el: Trip f!el: !el for start !p and ta1i ?incl!ded in bloc" f!el@: !el density: A 9$%9' inches aft of dat!m B 9$%F9 inches aft of dat!m C 9(%F/ inches aft of dat!m D 9$%8* inches aft of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A ('$/ lbs 88%. in $F/ lbs '// lbs '9/ lbs ?total@ $$/ lbs $// lbs ./ lbs *'$/ lbs (LLL.$ lbs%in $// 3+ )al .. 3+ )al ( 3+ )al F lbsO3+ )al
16.
?Refer to fig!re L#$@ The loading for a flight is shown in the attached load sheet, with the following data applying to the aeroplane: &a1im!m ta"e#off mass: &a1im!m landing mass: Centre of gravity ?C)@: >imit forward: Aft: 4stimated trip f!el: $./,/// "g $*/,/// "g $/%.m aft of dat!m $(%/m aft of dat!m ..,/// "g
A Ta"e#off C) is o!t of limits at $'%(*m aft of dat!m B >anding C) is o!t of limits at $$%9Lm aft of dat!m C >anding C) is o!t of limits at $/%$Lm aft of dat!m D Ta"e#off C) is o!t of limits at $/%$Lm aft of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C 17. ?Refer to ig!re 8#$(@ ,itho!t the crew, the mass and longit!dinal C) position of the aircraft are F/// "g and *%L/m% The mass of the pilot is The mass of the co#pilot is The mass of the flight engineer is 9/ "g $// "g 8/ "g
,ith the crew the mass and longit!dinal C) position of the aircraft are: A F'L/ "g and *%L9Fm B F'L/ "g and .%/$'m C F'L/ "g and *%F$m D F'L/ "g and *%.9*m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
18.
The planned ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $8//// "g, with its centre of gravity located at ($R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% Distance from reference point to leading edge A $*m% >ength of &AC A *%Fm% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the crew that an additional load of */// "g m!st be loaded in cargo $ ?located at '%L(m aft of the reference point@% After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity location will be: A (*R B '.R C '8R D (LR Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1 .
A t!rbo:et aeroplane is par"ed with the following data: Corrected Dry 5perating &ass: Basic corrected inde1: Ta"e#off mass: Centre of gravity location: Distance from reference point To leading edge: >ength of &AC: $$/ $// "g $$8%F '// /// "g ('R &AC $* m *%F m
Initial cargo distrib!tion: Cargo $ A */// "g ?'%L( m from reference point@ Cargo ' A '/// "g ?8%.. m from reference point@ Cargo ( A '/// "g ?$F%*9 m from reference point@ Cargo * A empty ?'$%$(m from reference point@ To ma1imise performance, the captain decides to redistrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ and cargo *, in order to ta"e off with a new centre of gravity location at (.R &AC% After loading, the new load distrib!tion between cargo $ and cargo * is: A '/// "g in cargo $< '/// "g in cargo * B $/// "g in cargo $< (/// "g in cargo * C '.// "g in cargo $< $.// "g in cargo * D (/// "g in cargo $ $/// "g in cargo * Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
2!.
A t!rbo:et aeroplane is par"ed with the following data: Corrected Dry 5perating &ass: Basic corrected inde1: Ta"e#off mass: Centre of gravity location: $$/$// "g $$8%F '///// "g ('R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@
Distance from reference point to leading edge: $*m >ength of &AC A *%Fm Initial cargo distrib!tion: Cargo $ A */// "g ?'%L(m from reference point@ Cargo ' A '/// "g ?8%..m from reference point@ Cargo ( A '/// "g ?$F%*9m from reference point@ Cargo * A empty ?'$%$(m from reference point@ or performance reasons, the captain decides to re#distrib!te part of the cargo loading between cargo compartments, in order to ta"e off with a new C) location of (*R% =e as"s for a transfer of: A $/// "g from cargo $ to cargo * B .// "g from cargo $ to cargo ( C $/// "g from cargo ( to cargo $ D $.// "g from cargo ( to cargo $ Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A 21. ?Refer to ig!re 8#$(@ ,itho!t the crew, the weight and the C) position of the aircraft are L/// "g and *%L/m # # # the mass of the pilot is 9/ "g the mass of the co#pilot is L. "g the mass of the flight engineer is 9/ "g
,ith this crew on board, the C) position of the aircraft will be: A *,*.. m B *,F$. m C /,'$L m D *,L8( m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
22.
)ive the distance of the C) from the dat!m for an aircraft where the ) is '(R &AC% The &AC is 9/ inches and >4&AC is located ('$ inches aft of the dat!m% A # # (*$ in B # ;(*$ in C # #(// in D # ; (// in Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
23.
?Refer to ig!re 8#$*@ ,itho!t the man on the winch, the mass and the lateral ) position of the helicopter are F/// "g and /%/.. m to the right% The mass of the wet man on the winch is $8/ "g% ,ith the man on the winch, the mass and lateral C)# position of the helicopter are: A beyond the limit B F,$8/ "g and /%/.9 m to the right C F,$8/ "g and /%/L. m to the right D F,$8/ "g and /%/*$ m to the right Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
24.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#(@ ,itho!t the man on the winch, the mass and the lateral C) position of the aircraft are F/// "g and /%/* m to the right% The mass of the man on the winch is $// "g% ,ith the man on the winch, the lateral C) position of the aircraft will be: A /%/F'm to the right B /%/$Fm to the left C beyond the limits D /%/F((m to the right Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
25.
At a mass of $8// "g, a helicopter e2!ipped with a winch has a lateral C)# position of . cm to the left% The ) of the load s!spended from the winch is at a distance of F/ cm to the right% ,ith a winch load of '// "g the lateral C) position of the helicopter will be: A $/%. cm to the right B $/%. cm to the left C $%. cm to the right D $%. cm to the left Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
26.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$@ A helicopter basic mass is $$// "g and the longit!dinal ) position is at (%$/m% Determine the longit!dinal Cg position in the following conditions: # # # pilot and front passenger: $./ g rear passengers: $./ g f!el: .// g
A '%9Lm B '%8'm C '%9$m D '%8.m Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 27. ?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$$@ Calc!late the position of the centre of gravity for the following loaded helicopter: A $%$* B $%8/ C '%*' D *%'* Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
28.
Calc!late the position of the centre of gravity for ta"e#off andlanding from the following information: &a1im!m Ta"e#off &ass: &a1im!m >anding &ass: B!rn off: Centre of gravity range: Basic mass !el 5il Crew Dassengers Baggage (*// "g (/// "g (// "g f!el . "g oil '%. to (%. m aft
+tation O &ass ?"g@ O Arm ?m@ O &oment '/// '%'. aft ; *.// .// (%. aft ; $L./ '/ 9 fwd # $8/ $./ (%L. fwd .F'%. (*/ * aft ; $(F/ 'F/ $/ aft ; 'F//
A ta"e#off '%Fm aft< landing '%..m aft B ta"e#off '%8.m aft< landing '%9m aft C ta"e#off '%9m aft< landing '%8.m aft D ta"e#off (%$m aft< landing (%/.m aft Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C 2 . The loaded centre of gravity of an aircraft is '(%F. feet aft of Dat!m% If the length of the &AC is 8 feet, and the distance of the leading edge of the &AC is '/ feet aft of the Dat!m, the position of the centre of gravity as a R &AC is: A 8R B '(%F.R C '/R D *.%F'R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
3!.
An aircraft has a +tandard &ean Chord length of 8' inches, and the leading edge of the chord is $/( inches aft of the Dat!m% If the centre of gravity position is $*%LR +&C, what is the centre of gravity distance from the dat!mA $.%FFH B $$8%$*H C F.%FH D $$.%/.H Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!5"!2 Loa0 an0 T&im s9%%t

1. ?Refer to fig!res >'(., .#( P *#*@ 3sing the load and trim sheet attached, calc!late the ) at ta"e#off mass and the stabiliser trim setting for . degrees of flap A $.%'R &AC *%( trim !nits B $*%8R &AC * trim !nits C $FR &AC .%L. trim !nits D $F%.R &AC (%. trim !nits Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A 2. ? or this M!estion !se AD F9F ig!re *%$'@ 3sing the load and trim sheet, which of the following is the correct val!e for the inde1 at a Dry 5perating &ass ?D5&@ of (./// "g with a C) at $*R &ACA (.%. B */%/ C *$%. D ((%/ Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B 3. ?Refer to fig!re >'(.@ 3sing the load and trim sheet attached, calc!late the C) at Bero f!el mass% A $F%8R &AC B $8%*R &AC C $(%*R &AC D $9%LR &AC Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: A
4.
'9**% ?Refer to fig!re /($N>*//@ 3sing the data given in the >oad P Trim sheet, determine which of the following gives the correct val!es for the Eero !el &ass and position of the centre of gravity ?R &AC@ at that mass% A .$(// "g and '%*8R B *F$(/ "g and '*%8R C *F$(/ "g and $L%8R D *$($/ "g and $L%8R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
5.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./' Contrary to the forecast given in the >5AD and TRI& sheet, cargo compartment $ is empty% The ta"e#off centre of gravity in &AC R ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ will be located at: A ('%.R B (FR C 'FR D ($R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
6.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ Contrary to the loading sheet forecasts yo! have: Cargo compartment $: empty, passengers in compartment 5A: '/ Cargo compartment ': $/// "g, passengers in compartment 5B: '/ Cargo compartment (: (/// "g , passengers in compartment 5C: (/ Cargo compartment *: '/// "g Cargo compartment .: $/// "g A (.%.R B ($%.R C '*%.R D ('%.R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
7.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ C!st prior to depart!re, yo! accept $/ passengers additional on board who will be seated in compartment 5C and yo! have L./ "g !nloaded from cargo compartment .% The ta"e#off centre of gravity in &AC R ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ will be located at: A 'L%8R B (/%.R C '8%.R D '(%$R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: A
8.
?Refer to fig!re >N(/(@ The weight and balance sheet is available and contrary to the forecast, cargo compartment $ is empty The Bero f!el weight centre of gravity in &AC R ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ is located at: A 'F%8R B '(%.R C ((%9R D ($R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*//@ 3sing the data given in the >oad P Trim sheet, determine from the following the correct val!es for the ta"e off mass and the position of the centre of gravity at that mass if the f!el inde1 correction to be applied is given as /%9% A '/%$R B '/%(R C ''%FR D $L%.R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
1!.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*/*@ 3sing the data given at the appendi1 to this 2!estion, if the f!el inde1 corrections ?from E & inde1@ are as follows: 9.// "g /%9 F.// "g F%$ (.// "g *%L (/// "g *%( ,hich of the following represent the correct val!es for landing mass of the aeroplane and the position of the centre of gravity for this conditionA .'9// "g and $9R B ('9// "g and '$%FR C *9$(/ "g and '$%8R D *9$(/ "g and $9R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
11.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*/(@ 3sing the data given at the appendi1, determine which of the following correctly gives the val!es of the Eero !el &ass ?E &@ of the aeroplane and the load inde1 at E &: A (.$// "g and '/%. B *8F// "g and .L%/ C .$(// "g and .L%/ D *F(// "g and '/%. Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
12.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*/(@ rom the data given at the appendi1 and ass!ming a f!el inde1 shift of .%L from the E & loaded inde1, determine which of the following is the correct val!e ?percentage &AC@ for the position of the centre of gravity at Ta"e 5ff &ass: A $8R B $9R C $.R D $*R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: A
13.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>*/'@ or the p!rpose of calc!lating traffic loads, an operators loading man!al gives the following standard mass val!es for passengers 9these val!es incl!de an allowance for hand baggage@ &ale: emale: Child: Infant: 88 "g L/ "g (. "g F "g
The standard mass val!e to be !sed for hold baggage is $* "g per piece% The loading manifest shows the following detailsJ Dassengers loaded: &ales: */ emales: F. Children: 8 Infants: . Baggage in hold n!mber *: $'/ pieces 3sing the standard mass val!es given and the data in the appendi1, select from the following the correct val!e for the mass of freight ?all loaded in hold 6o% $@ which constit!tes the remainder of the traffic load: A '$/ "g B '8/ "g C no cargo can be loaded in hold n!mber $ D 'F/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D 14. ?Refer to CAD F9F fig!res *#$( and *#$*@ or an aircraft with a D5I of ./, a D5& of (*$// "g and a b!l" f!el load of $$9// "g, choose the correct statement for its mass and C) as a R &AC% A *F/// "g at $*%L.R &AC B *F/// "g at $.%(R &AC C *F/// "g at $F%.R &AC D *F/// "g at $L%L.R &AC Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
15.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!re *#$*@ rom the >oad P Trim sheet attached for an aircraft with a B4& of (*$// "g and C) at $.R &AC, select the correct statement after '/// "g of cargo is loaded into the rear hold% A The aircraft gross mass is (*$// "g and the C) is behind the rear limit B # The aircraft gross mass is (F$// "g and the C) is behind the rear limit C The aircraft gross mass is (F$// "g and the C) is before the front limit D The aircraft gross mass is (F$// "g and the C) is within limits Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
16.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.//, /($N>./( and /($N>./*@ Qnowing that: Dry operating mass: $$//// "g Basic inde1: $$9%$ 6!mber of passengers: $8. Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 ?L. g per Da1@ Cargo load ; l!ggage: $*/// "g Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 !el: *'/// "g +tages ?$@ to ?L@ and ?$$@ having already been calc!lated, the centre of gravity in R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ for Bero f!el mass is located at: A '9%(R B '8%(R C (/%.R D ('%(R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
17.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.//, /($N>./( and /($N>./.@ Qnowing that: Dry operating mass: $$//// "g Basic inde1 $$9%$ 6!mber of passengers: ((. Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 ?L. "g per Da1@ Cargo load ; l!ggage: 9.// "g distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 !el: *//// "g +tages ?$@ to ?L@ and ?$$@ having already been calc!lated, the centre of gravity in R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ for Bero f!el mass is located at: A (/%.R B 'L%*R C '9%(R D '8%/R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
18.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.//, /($N>./( and /($N>./.@ Qnowing that: Dry operating mass: $$//// "g Basic inde1: $$9%$ 6!mber of passengers: ((. Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 ?L. "g per Da1@ Cargo load ; l!ggage: 9.// "g Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 !el: *//// "g +tates ?$@ to ?L@ and ?$$@ having already been calc!lated, the centre of gravity in R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ at ta"e#off is located at: A (/%.R B '8%/R C '9%(R D 'L%*R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
1 .
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.//, /($N>./( and /($N>./*@ Qnowing that: Dry operating mass: $$//// "g Basic inde1: $$9%$ 6!mber of passengers: $8. Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 ?L. "g per Da1@ Cargo load ; l!ggage: $*/// "g Distrib!ted as shown in the anne1 !el: *'/// "g +tages ?$@ to ?L@ and ?$$@ having already been calc!lated, the centre of gravity in R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ at ta"e#off is located at: A (/%.R B ('%.R C '8%/R D ($%.R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
2!.
?Refer to fig!re /($N9#$@ The empty mass of yo!r helicopter is $$// "g with a C)#position at (%/.m% The load is as follows: # Total mass of pilot and co#pilot: # Total mass of passengers at rear: $./ "g '// "g
In order not to e1ceed the limitations the minim!m remaining f!el on board sho!ld be: A *./ "g B (./ "g C './ "g D $'. "g Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
21.
The ma1im!m load specified in the loading chart is e1ceeded by $/ percent% ,hat action m!st be ta"enA 6one, since a $/ percent greater load is still within the specified safety margin B Increase rotor speed by $/ percent C Red!ce !sef!l load D Ta"e off caref!lly Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
22.
?Refer to fig!re /($N>'//@ Attached diagram shows part of a load and trim sheet for the specimen aircraft completed to show the Ta"e#5ff &ass and centre of gravity position with a f!el load of $F,/8/ "g% D!ring the flight $',8// "g of f!el is cons!med% The centre of gravity position on landing will be: A '(%8R &AC B '*%FR &AC C ''%$R &AC D '(%'R &AC Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
23.
?Refer to fig!re /($N*#$*@ ,hat wo!ld be the D5& inde1 for a D5& of *.,/// "g and a C) at $.R &ACA *$ B ** C (8 D *. Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: A
!31"!5"!3 Int%ntiona$ &%"7ositionin' o. C#

1. An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment b!t is not entered into the load and trim sheet% The aeroplane will be heavier than e1pected and calc!lated ta"e#off safety speeds: A are !naffected b!t 0$ will be increased B will not be achieved C will be greater than re2!ired D will give red!ced safety margins Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. )iven: Total mass: L.// "g Centre of gravity ?cg@ location station 8/%. Aft cg limit station: L9%. =ow m!ch cargo m!st be shifted from the aft cargo compartment at station $./ to the forward cargo compartment at station (/ in order to move the cg location to the aft limitA F.%8 "g B F'%. "g C F8%9 "g D L(%. "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B 3. A mass of .// "g is loaded at a station which is located $/ metres behind the present Centre of )ravity and $F metres behind the dat!m% The moment for that mass !sed in the loading manifest is ?Ass!me: gA$/ mOsV'@: A (//// nm B .//// nm C 8//// nm D $(/// nm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
4.
)iven: Aeroplane mass A (F/// "g Centre of gravity ?cg@ is located at station $Lm ,hat is the effect on cg location if yo! move '/ passengers ?total mass A $F// "g@ from station $F to station '(A It moves aft by (%'' m B It moves forward by /%$.L m C It moves aft by /%($ m D It moves aft by /%$.L m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
5.
Ass!me: Aeroplane gross mass: Centre of gravity at station: *L./ "g $$.%8
,hat will be the new position of the centre of gravity if $// "g is moved from the station (/ to station $'/A +tation $$8%'. B +tation $$8%(( C +tation $'/%'' D +tation $$L%F9 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 6. )iven: Total mass: Centre of gravity ?cg@ location station Aft cg limit station: '9// "g $$.%/ $$F%/
The ma1im!m mass that can be added at station $(/%/ is: A $*/ "g B ($L "g C '/L "g D $* "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
7.
The mass of an aeroplane is $9./ "g% If *./ "g is added to a cargo hold $%L. metres from the loaded centre of gravity ?cg@% The loaded cg will move: A */ cm B (( cm C (/ cm D (* cm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
8.
>ength of the mean aerodynamic chord: $m &oment arm of the forward cargo: #/,./m &oment arm of the aft cargo: ;',./m The aircraft mass is ''// "g and its centre of gravity is at '.R &AC To move the centre of gravity to */R, which mass has to be transferred from the forward to the aft cargo holdA $$/ "g B $8/ "g C $F. "g D $/* "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: A
The total mass of an aeroplane is 9/// "g% The centre of gravity ?cg@ position is at '%/m from the dat!m line% The aft limit for cg is at '%$m from the dat!m line% ,hat mass of cargo m!st be shifted from the front cargo hold ?at /%8m from the dat!m@ to the aft hold ?at (%8m@, to move the cg to the aft limitA (/%/ "g B 9// "g C (// "g D $9F "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
1!.
)iven that the total mass of an aeroplane is $$'/// "g with a centre of gravity position at ''%F'm aft of the dat!m% The centre of gravity limits are between $8m and ''m% =ow m!ch mass m!st be removed from the rear hold ?(/m aft of the dat!m@ to move the centre of gravity to the middle of the limits: A *($'/ "t B $F.'9 "g C 8F8/ "g D '9(** "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
11.
If (9/ lbs of cargo are moved from compartment B ?aft@ to compartment A ?forward@, what is the station n!mber of the new centre of gravity ?C)@)iven: )ross mass: Dresent C) station: Compartment A station: Compartment B station: A *F(%L B ./F%( C *(F%L D *((%( Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D $$F.// lbs *(.%/ '8.%. L9'%.
12.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#$@ The total mass of an aeroplane is $*./// "g and the centre of gravity limits are between *%Lm and F%9m aft of the dat!m% The loaded centre of gravity position is *%*m aft% =ow m!ch mass m!st be transferred from the front to the rear hold in order to bring the o!t of limit centre of gravity position to the foremost limitA (.// "g B (./// "g C F'.// "g D L.// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
13.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#(@
A :et aeroplane, with the geometrical characteristics shown in the appendi1, has a ta"e#off weight ?,@ of *F//// 6 and a centre of gravity ?point ) on anne1@ located at $.%*/m from the Bero reference point% At the last moment the station manager has $'/// 6 of freight added in the forward compartment at $/m from the Bero reference point% The final location of the centre of gravity, calc!lated in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord AB ?from point A@, is e2!al to: A (/%.R B (.%.R C 'L%.R D $F%9R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C 14. ?Refer to fig!re /($N8#*@ An aeroplane, whose specific data is shown in the anne1, has a planned ta"e# off mass of '///// "g, with its centre of gravity ?C)@ is located at $.%(8m rearward of the reference point, representing a C) location at (/R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% or performance p!rposes, the captain decides to reset the val!e of the centre of gravity location to (.R &AC% The front and rear cargo compartments are located at a distance of $.m and '.m from the reference point respectively, the cargo load mass which needs to be transferred from the front to the rear cargo compartment is: A .F// "g B (F// "g C It is not possible to establish the re2!ired centre of gravity location D *F// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
15.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ The planned ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $9//// "g, with its centre of gravity located at '9R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that an additional load of */// "g m!st be loaded in cargo *% After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity location will be: A '.. B 'LR C ($R D ((R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
16.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#*@ An aeroplane has a planned ta"e#off mass of '///// "g, with its centre of gravity ?C)@ located at $.%(8m rearward of the reference point, representing a C) location at (/R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% The c!rrent cargo load distrib!tion is: R56T cargo:F.// "g R4AR cargo: */// "g or performance p!rposes, the captain decides to reset the val!e of the centre of gravity location to ((R &AC% The front and rear cargo compartments are located at a distance of $.m and '.m from the reference point respectively% After the transfer operation, the new cargo load distrib!tion is: A front cargo: 9'F/ "g: rear cargo: $'*/ "g B front cargo: (L*/ "g: rear cargo: FLF/ "g C front cargo: FLF/ "g: rear cargo: (L./ "g D front cargo: *.*/ "g: rear cargo: .9./ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
17.
The planned ta"e#off mass of a t!rbo:et aeroplane is $9//// "g, with its centre of gravity located at '9R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that */// "g m!st be !nloaded from cargo * ?'(%89 m aft of the reference point@% )iven: Distance from reference point to leading edge: $*m >ength ofo &AC A *%Fm After the handling operation, the new centre of gravity location in R &AC will be: A ($R B '.R C ((R D 'LR Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
18.
The planned ta"e#off mass of a t!rbo:et aeroplane is $8//// "g with its centre of gravity located at 'FR &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that */// "g m!st be !nloaded from cargo * ?'(%F9 m aft of reference point@% )iven: Distance from reference point to leading edge: $*m >ength of &AC A *%Fm After the handling operation, the new centre of gravity location in R &AC will be: A '(%/R B '$%8R C '/%/R D (/%'R Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1 .
A t!rbo:et aeroplane has a planned ta"e#off mass of $9//// "g% ollowing cargo l loading, the crew is informed that the centre of gravity at ta"e#off is located at (8R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ which is beyond limits% The captain decides then to re#distrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ ?(%.m from reference point@ and cargo * ?'/%(9m from reference pont@ in order to obtain a new centre of gravity location at ($R &AC% )iven: Distance from reference point to leading edge: $*m >ength of &AC A *%Fm =e as"s for a transfer of: A It is not possible to obtain the re2!ired centre of gravity B (/// "g from cargo * to cargo $ C '/// "g from cargo * to cargo $ D $/// "g from cargo * to cargo $ Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
2!.
A t!rbo:et aeroplane has a planned ta"e#off mass of $9//// "g% The cargo load is distrib!ted as follows: Cargo $: (/// "g ?(%./m from reference point@ Cargo *: L/// "g ?'/%(9m from reference point@ Distance from reference point to leading edge: $*m >ength of &AC A *%Fm 5nce the cargo loading is completed, the crew is informed that the centre of gravity at ta"e#off is located at (8R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ which is beyond the limits% The captain decides then to re#distrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ and cargo * in order to obtain a new centre of gravity location at ($R &AC% ollowing the transfer operation, the new load distrib!tion is: A cargo $: ./// "g cargo *: */// "g B cargo $: */// "g cargo *: ./// "g C cargo $: F/// "g cargo *: */// "g D cargo $: */// "g cargo *: F/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: C
21.
?Refer to CAD F9F fig!res (#$ and (#'@ C of ) limits from dat!m A 8'%/ 9*%F inches Arm from dat!m to baggage Bone $ A ''%. inches Arm from dat!m to baggage Bone * A $L8%L inches >oaded C of ) A 9F%F inches Total weight of loaded aircraft A (*// lb reight e2!ally distrib!ted between baggage Bones $ and * The weight of freight to be moved between baggage Bones to bring the aircraft into balance is: A ** lbs from Bone * to Bone $ B 8( lbs from Bone $ to Bone * C ** lbs from Bone $ to Bone * D 8( lbs from Bone * to Bone $ Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: A
22.
The C) of an aircraft is 98/ inches aft of dat!m at an all !p mass of $L/.// lbs% If 8// lbs of baggage is moved from + $$(/ to + *(/ the new C of ) will be: A 9L.%99 in B 9LF%L' in C 9L9%L. in D 9LL%F' in Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
23.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ The planned ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $8//// "g, with its centre of gravity located at ($R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the crew that an additional load of */// "g m!st be loaded in cargo $% After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity location will be: A (*R B '.R C '8R D (LR Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
24.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ A t!rbo:et aeroplane is par"ed with the following data: Corrected Dry 5perating &ass: Basic corrected inde1: Initial cargo distrib!tion: Cargo $: Cargo ': Cargo (: The other cargo compartments are empty% Ta"e#off mass: Centre of gravity location: $$/$// "g $$8%F */// "g '/// "g '/// "g
'//,/// "g ('R &AC
To ma1imise performance, the captain decides to re#distrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ and cargo *, in order to ta"e off with a new centre of gravity location at (.R &AC% After loading, the new load distrib!tion between cargo $ and cargo * is: A '/// "g in cargo $< '/// "g in cargo * B $/// "g in cargo $< (/// "g in cargo * C .// "g in cargo $ < .// "g in cargo * D (/// "g in cargo $< $/// "g in cargo * Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
25.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ A t!rbo:et aeroplane is par"ed with the following data: Corrected dry operating mass: $$/,$// "g Basic corrected inde1: $$8%F Initial cargo distrib!tion: Cargo $: */// "g Cargo ': '/// "g Cargo (: '/// "g 5ther cargo compartments are empty Ta"e#off mass: '//,/// "g Centre of gravity ?C)@ location: ('R or performance reasons, the captain decides to re#distrib!te part of the cargo loading between cargo compartments, in order to ta"e off with a new C), location of (*R% =e as"s for a transfer of: A $/// "g from cargo $ to cargo * B .// "g from cargo $ to cargo ( C $/// "g from cargo ( to cargo $ D .// "g from cargo ( to cargo $ Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: A
26.
?Refer to ig!res 8#$*@ The weight and balance sheet is available and contrary to the forecast, cargo compartment $ is empty% The Bero f!el weight centre of gravity in &ACR ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ is located at: A ($%.R B 'FR C (.%.R D ('R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
27.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ The planned ta"e#off mass of an aeroplane is $9//// "g, with its centre of gravity located at '9R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that an additional load of */// "g m!st be loaded in cargo *% After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity location will be: A '.R B 'LR C ($R D ((R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: D
28.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./$@ A t!rbo:et aeroplane has a planned ta"e#off mass of $9//// "g% The cargo load is distrib!ted as follows: Cargo $: (/// "g Cargo *: L/// "g 5nce the cargo loading is completed, the crew is informed that the centre of gravity at ta"eoff is located at (8R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ which is beyond the limits% The captain decides then to re#distrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ and cargo * in order to obtain a new centre of gravity location at ($R &AC% ollowing the transfer operation, the new load distrib!tion is: A cargo $: ./// "g: cargo *: */// "g B cargo $: */// "g: cargo *: ./// "g C cargo $: F/// "g: cargo *: */// "g D cargo $: */// "g: cargo *: F/// "g Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C
2 .
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./$@ A t!rbo:et aeroplane has a planned ta"e#off mass of $8/,/// "g% ollowing cargo loading, the crew is informed that the centre of gravity at ta"e#off is located at (8R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@ which is beyond limits% The captain decides then to re#distrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ and cargo * in order to obtain a new centre of gravity location at ($R &AC% =e as"s for a transfer of: A It is not possible to obtain the re2!ired centre of gravity B (/// "g from cargo * to cargo $ C '/// "g from cargo * to cargo $ D $/// "g from cargo * to cargo $ Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
3!.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ The planned ta"e#off mass of a t!rbo:et aeroplane is $8/,/// "g with its centre of gravity located at 'FR &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that */// "g m!st be !nloaded from cargo *% After the handling operation, the new centre of gravity location in R &AC will be: A '(%/R B '$%8R C '/%/R D (/%'R Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: B
31.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ The planned ta"e#off mass of a t!rbo:et aeroplane is $9/,/// "g, with its centre of gravity located at '9R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% +hortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that */// "g m!st be !nloaded from cargo *% After the handling operation, the new centre of gravity location in R &AC will be: A ($R B '.R C ((R D 'LR Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
32.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#*@ An aeroplane, whose specific data is shown in the anne1, has a planned ta"e# off mass of '//,/// "g, with its centre of gravity ?C)@ located at $.%(8m rearward of the reference point, representing a C), location at (/R &AC ?&ean Aerodynamic Chord@% The c!rrent cargo load distrib!tion is: ront cargo: Rear cargo: F.// "g */// "g
or performance p!rposes, the captain decides to reset the val!e of the centre of gravity location to ((R &AC% The front and rear cargo compartments are located at a distance of $.m and '.m from the reference point respectively% After the transfer operation, the new cargo load distrib!tion is: A front cargo: 9'F/ "g: rear cargo: $'*/ "g B front cargo: (L*/ "g: rear cargo: FLF/ "g C front cargo: FLF/ "g: rear cargo: (L*/ "g D front cargo: *../ "g: rear cargo: .9./ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: B
33.
?Refer to fig!res /($N>.// and /($N>./'@ A t!rbo:et aeroplane is par"ed with the following data: Corrected Dry 5perating &ass: Basic corrected inde1: Ta"e#off mass: Centre of gravity location: Initial cargo distrib!tion: Cargo $: Cargo ': Cargo (: Cargo *: Cargo .: $$/,$// "g $$8%F '//,/// "g ('R &AC */// "g '/// "g '/// "g 4mpty 4mpty
To ma1imise performance, the captain decides to re#distrib!te part of the cargo load between cargo $ and cargo *, in order to ta"e off with a new centre of gravity location at (.R &AC% After loading, the new load distrib!tion between cargo $ and cargo * is: A (/// "g in cargo $: $/// "g in cargo * B $/// "g in cargo $: (/// "g in cargo * C '.// "g in cargo $< .// "g in cargo * D '/// "g in cargo $< '/// "g in cargo * Ref: AIR: atpl Ans: C 34. An aircraftIs mass is '',/// "g and the centre of gravity is $%.m aft of dat!m% ,hat wo!ld be the new centre of gravity if $.// "g were transferred from the rear hold $.m aft of dat!m to the forward hold $'m forward of dat!mA /%(*m fwd of dat!m B /%$*m fwd of dat!m C $%8*m aft of dat!m D $%8*m fwd of dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
35.
)iven the following information, how m!ch mass ?to the nearest lb@ has to be transferred from the front hold, the centroid of which is '/ ft forward of the at!m, to the rear hold */ ft aft of the dat!m to bring the centre of gravity ithin limitsAircraft mass: '.// lbs Total moment: 8/// lb% ft Centre of gravity range from /%. ft to '%/ ft fwd of dat!m A ./ lbs B $$' lbs C $$'/ lbs D .// lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
36.
An aircraft has a ta1i mass of (/,/// "g and its centre of gravity is '$%F9m aft of dat!m% ,hat wo!ld be the new centre of gravity if $,/// "g were moved (/m forward from hold ' to hold $A '/%F9m B ''%F9m C $9%L8m D '$%L8m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
37.
The loaded mass of an aircraft is ((,/// lbs, and the centre of gravity is ( feet aft of the Dat!m% =ow many lbs of freight can be added to the freight hold $ foot forward of dat!m to bring the centre of gravity towards the forward limit of ' feet aft of Dat!m for ta"e#off if the ma1im!m ta"e#off mass is */,/// lbs: A $$,/// lbs B ((,/// lbs C *,/// lbs D L,/// lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
38.
If the loaded mass is '8,''/ "g how m!ch load sho!ld be transferred 9%$Fm forward from 6o% ' hold to the 6o% $ hold in order to move the centre of gravity of an aircraft from the o!t of limits val!e of $( metres aft to the forward limits val!e of $$%F metres aftA .9/ "g B $L9/ "g C '98/ "g D *$F/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
3 .
An aircraft is loaded to a mass of './// lbs% A passenger weighing $./ lb moves bac" $/ seat rows, a distance of ((/ inches% The centre of gravity will move: A /%.H rearward B '%//H rearward C .%//H rearward D '%//H forward Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
4!.
Ass!ming that an aircraft C) has to remain within limits, what is the ma1im!m weight which co!ld be added to a cargo hold located at station $'., if the C) is at station 8. and the aft limit is positioned at station $//% The aircraft loaded weight is ./// lbs% A (/// lbs B $F8L%. lbs C $8//%L lbs D $9*. lbs Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
41.
An aircraft has a C) located at '// cm aft of dat!m and an A3& of ./,/// "g% If 9/ "g of electrical e2!ipment installed at a position F// cm aft of dat!m and 9/ "g of electrical e2!ipment installed F// cm forward to dat!m, what will be the new ) locationA ''/ cm aft of dat!m B remain at '// cm aft of dat!m C $99 cm aft of dat!m D move to the dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
42.
An aeroplane has ' cargo holds, cargo hold $ is located .m forward of the dat!m, hold ' is located Lm aft of the dat!m% The ta"e#off mass of the aircraft is F//// "g and the C) is located at 'm aft of dat!m% C!st prior to ta"e off, cargo weighing $'./ "g is removed from cargo hold $, what will be the new ) for ta"e#offA $%9'm aft of the dat!m B '%$Lm aft of the dat!m C '%/8m aft of the dat!m D $%8*m aft of the dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
43.
The C) of an aircraft is at '.R &AC and &AC is $m% The aircraft has ' holds, hold $ is Lm aft of the dat!m and hold ' is ''m aft of the dat!m% If the aircraft mass is (8/// "g, what load m!st be transferred from hold $ to hold ' to move the C) to */R &ACA $.'/ "g B '.9 "g C *8/ "g D (8/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
44.
?Refer to fig!res /($N*#* and /($N*#9@ The Ta1i mass of the aircraft is F',.// "g and the centre of gravity is calc!lated at '/R &AC% A load weighing $/// "g is moved from the forward section of the aft cargo compartment to the aft section of the forward cargo compartment% The new centre of gravity position is: A $/R &AC B $'R &AC C $.R &AC D '.R &AC Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl Ans: D
45.
?Refer to fig!re /($N8#$'@ The loaded mass of the aircraft represented below is .'./ lbs and the centre of gravity is '$H aft of the dat!m% An additional load of 8/ lbs is carried, *.lbs in hold A and (. lbs in hold B% The new centre of gravity position will be: A '$%'*H aft of the dat!m B '/%.'H aft of the dat!m C '/%.'H forward of the dat!m D '/%8*H aft of the dat!m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
!31"!6
CAR#O =ANDLIN# !31"!6"!1 T(7%s o. Ca&'o 6o 2!estions in this s!b#chapter
!31"!6"!2 1$oo& $oa0 an0 &*nnin' $oa0 $imits

1. The ma1im!m load per r!nning metre of an aeroplane is (./ "gOm% The width of the floor area is ' metres% The floor strength limitation is (// "g per s2!are metre% ,hich one of the following crates ?length 1 width 1 height@ can be loaded directly on the floorA A load of L// "g in a crate with dimensions: $%8m 1 $%*m 1 /%8m B A load of .// "g in a crate with dimensions: $%.m 1 $m 1 $m C A load of *// "g in a crate with dimensions: $%*m 1 /%8m 1 /%8m D A load of *// "g in a crate with dimensions: $%'m 1 $%'m $%'m Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. The ma1im!m intensity floor loading for an aeroplane is given in the light &an!al as F./ "g per s2!are metre% ,hat is the ma1im!m mass of a pac"age which can be safely s!pported on a pallet with dimensions of 8/ cm by 8/ cmA *$F/%/ "g B $/$.%F "g C *$%F "g D $/$%F "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
3.
The floor of the main cargo hold is limited to */// 6Om'% It is planned to load a c!bic container each side of which meas!res /%.m% Its ma1im!m gross mass m!st not e1ceed: ?ass!me gA$/mOs'@: A ./// "g B $/// "g C .// "g D $// "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
4.
?Refer to CAD F9F ig!re *%9@ A pallet having a freight platform which meas!res '// cm 1 './ cm has a total mass of (// "g% The pallet is carried on two gro!nd s!pports each meas!ring '/ cm 1 '// cm% 3sing the loading man!al for the transport aeroplane, calc!late how m!ch mass may be added to, or m!st be off loaded from the pallet in order for the load intensity to match the ma1im!m permitted distrib!tion load intensity for lower dec" forward cargo compartment% A '8%. "g m!st be off#loaded B '8.%. "g may be added C '8%. "g may be added D $.8%( "g m!st be off#loaded Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
5.
The floor limit of an aircraft cargo hold is ./// 6Om'% It is planed to load#!p a c!bic container meas!ring /%*m of side% Its ma1im!m gross mass m!st not e1ceed: ?ass!me gA$/mOs'@: A 8/ "g B 8// "g C (' "g D ('/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
6.
The ma1im!m floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aeroplane is given as L./ "g per s2!are metre% A pac"age with a mass of F// "g is to be located% Ass!ming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the following is the minim!m siBe pallet that can be !sedA */ cm by '// cm B (/ cm by (// cm C (/ cm by '// cm D */ cm by (// cm Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
7.
?Refer to CAD F9F or fig!re /($N*#9@ A bo1 having dimensions of $ metre by $%' metres by /%8 metres, weighing F// "gs is loaded and sec!red onto a * ft s2!are pallet weighing (/ "g% 3sing the information on CAD F9F ig!re *%9 where co!ld the pallet be positionedA In the aft position of the aft cargo compartment B In the aft position of the forward cargo compartment C In the mid position of the aft cargo compartment D In the forward position of the forward cargo compartment Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
8.
If a compartment ta"es a ma1im!m load of .// "g, with a r!nning load of (./ "gOm and a distrib!tion load of (// "gOm' ma1% ,hich of the following .// "g bo1es can be carried$% '% (% *% $// cm 1 $$/ cm 1 $*. cm $'. cm 1 $(. cm 1 $*' cm $'/ cm 1 $*/ cm 1 $*( cm $'. cm 1 $(. cm 1 $** cm
A any one of the bo1es if loaded with d!e care as to its positioning B any of bo1es ', ( and * in any config!ration C bo1 ' with its longest length perpendic!lar to the floor cross beam or bo1 ( in any config!ration D either of bo1es ( and * with their longest length parallel to the aircraft longit!dinal a1is Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D
The ma1im!m floor loading on a baggage compartment floor is $'/ lb per s2!are foot% If the s!rface area in contact with the floor is * ft 1 ' ft 1 F inches and the mass of the total load is $''/ lb, the act!al floor loading on this aircraft is: A $'/ lb per s2!are foot B $'' lb per s2!are foot C $/ lb per s2!are foot D $$ lb per s2!are foot Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
1!.
The ma1im!m floor loading on a baggage compartment floor is $'/ lb per s2!are foot% If the s!rface area in contact with the floor is * ft 1 ( ft and the mass of the total load is $('/ lb, the act!al floor loading on this aircraft is: A $'/ lb per s2!are foot B $$/ lb per s2!are foot C $/ lb per s2!are foot D $$ lb per s2!are foot Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B
11.
The baggage compartment of a partic!lar helicopter is $%$m wide by $%*m long and has a ma1im!m floor loading of (// "g per s2!are metre% ,hat is the ma1im!m mass capacity of the baggage compartment ?limited by ma1im!m floor load only@: A *F' "g B $9. "g C L./ "g D $'/ "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
12.
The baggage compartment of a partic!lar helicopter is $%'m wide by $%*m long and has a ma1im!m floor loading of .// "g per s2!are metre% ,hat is the ma1im!m capacity of the baggage compartment limited by ma1im!m floor load only: A '98 "g B $(// "g C 8*/ "g D $9' "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
13.
The baggage compartment of a partic!lar helicopter is $%'m wide by '%*m long and has a ma1im!m floor loading of .'/ "g per s2!are metre% ,hat is the ma1im!m mass capacity of the baggage compartment ?limited by ma1im!m floor load only@: A $8$ "g B $8L' "g C $*9L "g D $** "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: C
14.
The baggage compartment of a partic!lar helicopter is '%'m wide by $%*m long and has a ma1im!m floor loading of *8/ "g per s2!are metre% ,hat is the ma1im!m capacity of the baggage compartment limited by ma1im!m floor load only: A $*L8 "g B $.F "g C $L'8 "g D $(( "g Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A
!31"!6"!3 S%)*&in' o. $oa0

1. >oads m!st be ade2!ately sec!red in order to: A allow steep t!rns B avoid any centre of gravity ?cg@ movement d!ring flight C prevent e1cessive KgI#loading d!ring the landing flare D avoid !nplanned centre of gravity ?cg@ movement and aircraft damage Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D 2. If a load moved in flight: A A change of the momentof the load wo!ld ca!se the aircraft C of g to change B A change of the moment of the load wo!ld be !nli"ely to ca!se the aircraft C of ) to change C The aircraft wo!ld become nose heavy D The aircraft wo!ld become tail heavy Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A

Mass and Balance Questions

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Mass and Balance Questions

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

MASS AND BALANCE

INTRODUCTION TO MASS AND BALANCE Mass Limitations

LOADIN# !31"!2"!1 T%&mino$o'(

!31"!2"!2 Mass Limits

!31"!2"!3 Mass )a$)*$ations

&T5& >ess D5& >ess !el $'L/// ?8.///@ ?(.L//@ F(//

&>& 98.// ?8.///@ ?F*//@ L$//

&E & 898// ?8.///@ 48!!

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D

9// "g L// "g '/// "g

(*9(/ $'// $F// $/9'/ $8'/ 5!47!

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: B

!31"!2"!4 E..%)ts o. o/%&$oa0in'

CENTRE O1 #RA2IT3 4C#5

!31"!3"!1 D%.inition o. C%nt&% o. #&a/it(

!31"!3"!2 Ba$an)% o. .o&)%s an0 mom%nts

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl< =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: A

!31"!3"!3 Basi) )a$)*$ations o. C#

!31"!3"!4 A&%a Loa06 R*nnin' Loa06 S*77o&tin'

MASS AND BALANCE DETAILS O1 AIRCRA1T

!31"!4"!1 Cont%nts o. Mass an0 Ba$an)% Do)*m%ntation

Ref: =4>I: atpl, cpl Ans: D

!31"!4"!2 Ai&)&a.t 8%i'9in'

!31"!4"!3 E:t&a)tion o. Mass;Ba$an)% 0ata .&om 0o)*m%ntation

DETERMINATION O1 C# <OSITON !31"!5"!1 M%t9o0s

!31"!5"!2 Loa0 an0 T&im s9%%t

!31"!5"!3 Int%ntiona$ &%"7ositionin' o. C#

?Refer to fig!re /($N8#(@

'//,/// "g ('R &AC

CAR#O =ANDLIN# !31"!6"!1 T(7%s o. Ca&'o 6o 2!estions in this s!b#chapter

!31"!6"!2 1$oo& $oa0 an0 &*nnin' $oa0 $imits

!31"!6"!3 S%)*&in' o. $oa0

Вам также может понравиться

!31"!3"!4 A&%a Loa06 Rnnin' Loa06 S77o&tin'